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A mechanistic approach to the electrografting of carbon surfaces and electrochemical properties of the grafted films – A critical review. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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An Au(111)-dominant polycrystalline gold/gold nanoparticles/1,8-naphthyridine/glassy carbon electrode for anodic stripping voltammetry determination of As(III). Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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van der Ham CJM, Zwagerman DNH, Wu L, Hofmann JP, Hetterscheid D. A heterogenized copper phenanthroline system to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction. ChemElectroChem 2022; 9:e202101365. [PMID: 35911790 PMCID: PMC9305121 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Upon the electrochemical reduction of an in situ generated 5‐diazo‐1,10‐phenanthroline ion, phenanthroline was covalently attached to a gold electrode. The grafted molecules act as a ligand when brought in contact with a copper‐containing electrolyte solution. As the ligands are limited in spatial movement, the exclusive formation of the active species with only one phenanthroline ligand coordinated was expected. The in situ generated complexes have been investigated for activity in the oxygen reduction reaction, for which an overpotential of 800 mV is observed. During catalysis, initially a thick copper layer is formed on top of an organic layer that is still present on the gold surface. Upon deterioration of the organic layer underneath the copper over time, the amount of copper on the electrode and thereby the electrocatalytic activity decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damy N. H. Zwagerman
- Leiden University: Universiteit Leiden Leiden Institute of Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Longfei Wu
- University of Technology Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven department of chemical engineering and chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Technische Universitat Darmstadt FG Oberflachenforschung GERMANY
| | - Dennis Hetterscheid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Department of Chemistry Einsteinweg 55Room number EE4.19 2333 CC Leiden NETHERLANDS
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Amiri M, Shul G, Donzel N, Bélanger D. Aqueous electrochemical energy storage system based on phenanthroline- and anthraquinone-modified carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Amiri M, Martinez Perez O, Endean RT, Rasu L, Nepal P, Xu S, Bergens SH. Solid-phase synthesis and photoactivity of Ru-polypyridyl visible light chromophores bonded through carbon to semiconductor surfaces. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10173-10184. [PMID: 32666974 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01776k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) was grafted to either indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductors (SC's) by electrochemical reduction of 5-diazo-phen. The phen ligand is bonded to the semiconductor at C5, and it can be handled in air. The semiconductor-phen (SC-phen) complexes displace both CH3CN ligands from either cis-[Ru(Mebipy)2(CH3CN)2]2+ (Mebipy = 4,4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine), cis-[Ru(tBubipy)2(CH3CN)2]2+ (tBubipy = 4,4'-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), or cis-[Ru(pheno)(bipy)(CH3CN)2]2+ (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine; pheno = 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) dissolved in DCM/THF (4 h, 70 °C) to form the corresponding surface-bound SC-[(phen)Ru(bipyridyl)2]2+ chromophores. The identities of the SC-[(phen)Ru(Mebipy)2]2+, SC-[(phen)Ru(tBubipy)2]2+, and SC-[(phen)Ru(pheno)(bipy)]2+ (SC = ITO, FTO or TiO2) chromophores were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); UV-vis and reflectance infrared spectroscopies; and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The data were compared to analogous Ru-polypyridyl control compounds dissolved in solution. A facile ketone-amine condensation solid-phase synthesis reaction between SC-[(phen)Ru(pheno)(bipy)]2+ and [Ru(1,10-phenthroline-5,6-diamine)(bipy)2]2+ in ethanol (80 °C, 1 h) formed the dinuclear, bound chromophore SC-[(phen)(bipy)Ru(tpphz)Ru(bipy)2]4+ (tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]phenazine). Photoelectrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone and triethylamine under acidic, neutral, or basic conditions showed that the SC-chromophore photoanodes are active, and that TiO2-[(phen)Ru(Mebipy)2]2+ is the most active and stable under basic- and neutral conditions. The dinuclear chromophore SC-[(phen)(bipy)Ru(tpphz)Ru(bipy)2]4+ was most active and stable under potentiostatic conditions in acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Nagy I, Farkas E, Kasparkova J, Kostrhunova H, Brabec V, Buglyó P. Synthesis and characterization of (Ru(II), Co(III)) heterobimetallic complexes formed with a 1,10-phenanthroline based hydroxamic acid conjugate. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pavic A, Savić ND, Glišić BĐ, Crochet A, Vojnovic S, Kurutos A, Stanković DM, Fromm KM, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Djuran MI. Silver(I) complexes with 4,7-phenanthroline efficient in rescuing the zebrafish embryos of lethal Candida albicans infection. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 195:149-163. [PMID: 30952084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Five novel silver(I) complexes with 4,7-phenanthroline (4,7-phen), [Ag(NO3-O)(4,7-phen-μ-N4,N7)]n (1), [Ag(ClO4-О)(4,7-phen-μ-N4,N7)]n (2), [Ag(CF3COO-O)(4,7-phen-μ-N4,N7)]n (3), [Ag2(H2O)0.58(4,7-phen)3](SbF6)2 (4) and {[Ag2(H2O)(4,7-phen-μ-N4,N7)2](BF4)2}n (5) were synthesized, structurally elucidated and biologically evaluated. These complexes showed selectivity towards Candida spp. in comparison to the tested bacteria and effectively inhibited the growth of four different Candida species, particularly of C. albicans strains, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 2.0-10.0 μM. In order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of 1-5, in vivo toxicity studies were conducted in the zebrafish model. Based on the favorable therapeutic profiles, complexes 1, 3 and 5 were selected for the evaluation of their antifungal efficacy in vivo using the zebrafish model of lethal disseminated candidiasis. Complexes 1 and 3 efficiently controlled and prevented fungal filamentation even at sub-MIC doses, while drastically increased the survival of the infected embryos. Moreover, at the MIC doses, both complexes totally prevented C. albicans filamentation and rescued almost all infected fish of the fatal infection outcome. On the other side, complex 5, which demonstrated the highest antifungal activity in vitro, affected the neutrophils occurrence of the infected host, failed to inhibit the C. albicans cells filamentation and showed a poor potential to cure candidal infection, highlighting the importance of the in vivo activity evaluation early in the therapeutic design and development process. The mechanism of action of the investigated silver(I) complexes was related to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) response in C. albicans, with DNA being one of the possible target biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nada D Savić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Đ Glišić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aurélien Crochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Atanas Kurutos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dalibor M Stanković
- The Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katharina M Fromm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš I Djuran
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Dzhardimalieva GI, Uflyand IE. Synthetic Methodologies for Chelating Polymer Ligands: Recent Advances and Future Development. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Laboratory of MetallopolymersThe Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of ChemistrySouthern Federal University B. Sadovaya str. 105/42, Rostov-on-Don 344006 Russian Federation
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Diazonium Salts: Versatile Molecular Glues for Sticking Conductive Polymers to Flexible Electrodes. SURFACES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of polymers to surfaces is of the upmost importance in timely applications such as protective coatings, biomaterials, sensors, new power sources and soft electronics. In this context, this work examines the role of molecular interactions in the adhesion of polypyrrole thin films to flexible Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes grafted with aryl layers from various diazonium salts, namely 4-carboxybenzenediazonium (ITO-CO2H), 4-sulfonicbenzenediazonium (ITO-SO3H), 4-N,N-dimethylbenzenediazonium (ITO-N(CH3)2), 4-aminobenzenediazonium (ITO-NH2), 4-cyanobenzenediazonium (ITO-CN) and 4-N-phenylbenzenediazonium (ITO-NHPh). It was demonstrated that PPy thin layers were adherent to all aryl-modified surfaces, whereas adhesive failure was noted for bare ITO following simple solvent washing or sonication. Adhesion of polypyrrole was investigated in terms of hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the underlying aryl layer as probed by contact angle measurements. It was found that sulfonic acid-doped polypyrrole (PPy-BSA) thin films were preferably deposited on the most hydrophobic surfaces. More importantly, the redox properties and electrochemical impedance of PPy were closely related to the hydrophobic character of the aryl layers. This work demonstrates that diazonium compounds are unique molecular glues for conductive polymers and permit to tune their interfacial properties. With robust, diazonium-based architectured interfaces, one can design high performance materials for e.g., sensors, printed soft electronics and flexible thermoelectrics.
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Wang C, Amiri M, Endean RT, Martinez Perez O, Varley S, Rennie B, Rasu L, Bergens SH. Modular Construction of Photoanodes with Covalently Bonded Ru- and Ir-Polypyridyl Visible Light Chromophores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24533-24542. [PMID: 29969554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
1,10-phenanthroline is grafted to indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2) semiconductors by electroreduction of 5-diazo-1,10-phenanthroline in 0.1 M H2SO4. The lower and upper potential limits (-0.20 and 0.15 VSCE, respectively) were set to avoid reduction and oxidation of the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) covalently grafted at C5 to the semiconductor. The resulting semiconductor-phen ligand (ITO-phen or TiO2-phen) was air stable, and was bonded to Ru- or Ir- by reaction with cis-[Ru(bpy)2(CH3CN)2]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) or cis-[Ir(ppy)2(CH3CN)2]+ (ppy = ortho-Cphenyl metalated 2-phenylpyridine) in CH2Cl2 and THF solvent at 50 °C. Cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state UV-vis, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry all confirmed that the chromophores SC-[(phen)Ru(bpy)2]2+ and SC-[(phen)Ir(ppy)2]+ (SC = ITO or TiO2) formed in near quantitative yields by these reactions. The resulting photoanodes were active and relatively stable to photoelectrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone and triethylamine under neutral and basic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Mona Amiri
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Riley T Endean
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Octavio Martinez Perez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Samuel Varley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Ben Rennie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Loorthuraja Rasu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Steven H Bergens
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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