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Ponomar M, Ruleva V, Sarapulova V, Pismenskaya N, Nikonenko V, Maryasevskaya A, Anokhin D, Ivanov D, Sharma J, Kulshrestha V, Améduri B. Structural Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Functionally Porous Proton-Exchange Membrane Based on PVDF-SPA Graft Copolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:598. [PMID: 38203772 PMCID: PMC10779367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on graft copolymers of dehydrofluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride (D-PVDF), 3-sulfopropyl acrylate (SPA), and 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluoro-1-hexene (PFH) were prepared via free radical copolymerization and characterized for fuel cell application. The membrane morphology and physical properties were studied via small-(SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), SEM, and DSC. It was found that the crystallinity degree is 17% for PEM-RCF (co-polymer with SPA) and 16% for PEM-RCF-2 (copolymer with SPA and PFH). The designed membranes possess crystallite grains of 5-6 nm in diameter. SEM images reveal a structure with open pores on the surface of diameters from 20 to 140 nm. Their transport and electrochemical characterization shows that the lowest membrane area resistance (0.9 Ωcm2) is comparable to perfluorosulfonic acid PEMs (such as Nafion®) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based CJMC cation-exchange membranes (ChemJoy Polymer Materials, China). Key transport and physicochemical properties of new and commercial membranes were compared. The PEM-RCF permeability to NaCl diffusion is rather high, which is due to a relatively low concentration of fixed sulfonate groups. Voltammetry confers that the electrochemical behavior of new PEM correlates to that of commercial cation-exchange membranes, while the ionic conductivity reveals an impact of the extended pores, as in track-etched membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponomar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Valentina Ruleva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Veronika Sarapulova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Natalia Pismenskaya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
| | - Alina Maryasevskaya
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Denis Anokhin
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Dimitri Ivanov
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Jeet Sharma
- Institute Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Institute Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
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Dan Y, Luo H, Gong P, Yan D, Niu Y, Li G. Structural, energetic and dynamic investigation of poly(ethylene oxide) in imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different cationic structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29783-29796. [PMID: 37886855 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01946b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with different cations including dications (DIL) and monocations (MIL) were blended with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The influence of ILs' structure on the structural and dynamic properties of a PEO/IL system was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The simulation results show that DIL exhibits weaker interaction with PEO than MIL due to a stronger IL aggregation effect. The intermolecular interaction also makes the PEO chain tend to organize around the imidazolium ring of ILs, which causes the conformational entropy loss. Compared with PEO/MIL, this phenomenon is more significant in PEO/DIL because of the double positive centers of the dication and a longer hydrogen bond lifetime. MD simulation also demonstrates that DIL could act as a "crosslinker" to promote the formation of a physical crosslinking network which has strong dependence on the concentration of IL. The competition between physical crosslinking and plasticizing effects induces non-monotonic variations of relaxation time in PEO/DIL, which is consistent with its unusual change of the glass transition temperature (Tg). Despite stronger hydrogen bonding interactions between PEO and MIL demonstrated by atom-in-molecules (AIM) and reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis, the segmental mobility is slower in PEO/DIL according to the MSD curve. These differences in multiple structural or energetic factors finally lead to different conductive mechanisms and hence obtain different ionic conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Dan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Huan Luo
- School of Automation, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengjian Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Dadong Yan
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanhua Niu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Wang W, Tai G, Li Y, Sun J. Highly Elastic, Healable, and Durable Anhydrous High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes Cross-Linked with Highly Dense Hydrogen Bonds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300007. [PMID: 36794467 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with excellent durability and working stability are important for PEM fuel cells with extended service life and enhanced reliability. In this study, highly elastic, healable, and durable electrolyte membranes are fabricated by the complexation of poly(urea-urethane), ionic liquids (ILs), and MXene nanosheets (denoted as PU-IL-MX). The resulting PU-IL-MX electrolyte membranes have a tensile strength of ≈3.86 MPa and a strain at break of ≈281.89%. The PU-IL-MX electrolyte membranes can act as high temperature PEMs to conduct protons under an anhydrous condition of the temperatures above 100 °C. Importantly, the ultrahigh density of hydrogen-bond-cross-linked network renders PU-IL-MX membranes excellent IL retention properties. The membranes can maintain more than ≈98% of their original weight and show no decline of proton conductivity after being placed under highly humid conditions of ≈80 °C and relative humidity of ≈85% for 10 days. Moreover, due to the reversibility of hydrogen bonds, the membranes can heal damage under the working conditions of fuel cells to restore their original mechanical properties, proton conductivities, and cell performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guitian Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Enhanced MEA Performance for an Intermediate-Temperature Fuel Cell with a KH5(PO4)2-Doped Polybenzimidazole Membrane. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080728. [PMID: 35893446 PMCID: PMC9331839 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work exhibits an effective approach to enhance the performance of membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) with KH5(PO4)2-doped PBI membrane, by adding phosphoric acid (PA) in the catalyst layer (CL). The ohmic resistance and single-cell performance of the MEA, treated with PA, are reduced by ~80% and improved by ~800%, respectively, compared to that of untreated MEA. Based on the MEA pretreated with PA, the influence of humidity and temperature on the resistance and the single-cell performance are investigated. Under humidified gas conditions, the ohmic resistance of MEA is reduced but the charge transfer resistance is slightly increased. Regarding the effect of temperature, the ohmic resistance of MEA becomes lower as the temperature elevates from 140 to 180 °C, but increases at 200 °C. The maximum peak power density presents at 180 °C and 20% RH with 454 mW cm−2. The peak power density is favored with temperature increase from 140 to 180 °C, but decreases with further increase to 200 °C. Moreover, when dry gas conditions are employed, the output performance is unstable, suggesting that humidification is necessary to inhibit degradation for a long-term stability test.
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Alashkar A, Al-Othman A, Tawalbeh M, Qasim M. A Critical Review on the Use of Ionic Liquids in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020178. [PMID: 35207099 PMCID: PMC8877517 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work provides a comprehensive review on the incorporation of ionic liquid (ILs) into polymer blends and their utilization as proton exchanges membranes (PEM). Various conventional polymers that incorporate ILs are discussed, such as Nafion, poly (vinylidene fluoride), polybenzimidazole, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone), and sulfonated polyimide. The methods of synthesis of IL/polymer composite membranes are summarized and the role of ionic liquids as electrolytes and structure directing agents in PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs) is presented. In addition, the obstacles that are reported to impede the development of commercial polymerized IL membranes are highlighted in this work. The paper concludes that the presence of certain ILs can increase the conductivity of the PEM, and consequently, enhance the performance of PEMFCs. Nevertheless, the leakage of ILs from composite membranes as well as the limited long-term thermal and mechanical stability are considered as the main challenges that limit the employment of IL/polymer composite membranes in PEMFCs, especially for high-temperature applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Alashkar
- Materials Science and Engineering Ph.D. Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amani Al-Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Tawalbeh
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates;
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Rajabi Z, Javanbakht M, Hooshyari K, Adibi M, Badiei A. Phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole based polymer electrolyte membrane and functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous for elevated temperature fuel cell. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2021; 46:33241-33259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
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A Review of Recent Developments and Advanced Applications of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14175440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current status, operating principles, and recent advances in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEMs), with a particular focus on the recent developments, technical challenges, and commercial prospects of the HT-PEM fuel cells. A detailed review of the most recent research activities has been covered by this work, with a major focus on the state-of-the-art concepts describing the proton conductivity and degradation mechanisms of HT-PEMs. In addition, the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of HT-PEM fuel cells as a function of operating conditions have been discussed. In addition, the review highlights the important outcomes found in the recent literature about the HT-PEM fuel cell. The main objectives of this review paper are as follows: (1) the latest development of the HT-PEMs, primarily based on polybenzimidazole membranes and (2) the latest development of the fuel cell performance and the lifetime of the HT-PEMs.
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Cation-Anion Interactions, Stability, and IR Spectra of Dicationic Amino Acid-Based Ionic Liquids Probed Using Density Functional Theory. J Mol Model 2021; 27:180. [PMID: 34023983 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have theoretically studied the dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) constructed from geminal methylimidazolium dication with varying amino acid anions and spacers using density functional theory. Amino acid-based DILs form via strong C-H···O hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds have a significant role in stabilizing the DILs. The higher cation-anion interaction energy in the order of covalent bond energy and liquid density of DILs imply higher thermal stability than their mono analogues. The C-H stretching frequencies are above 3100 cm-1 in all complexes and form a signature for DILs. Interestingly, aliphatic and aromatic amino acid anions show similar molecular properties. Overall, the DILs formed from amino acids exhibit high stability and large surface tension and are chemically non-toxic; hence, they can replace inorganic DILs.
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Ebrahimi M, Kujawski W, Fatyeyeva K, Kujawa J. A Review on Ionic Liquids-Based Membranes for Middle and High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEM FCs). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5430. [PMID: 34063925 PMCID: PMC8196583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, the use of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) possessing ionic liquids (ILs) in middle and high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (MT-PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCs) have been increased. ILs are the organic salts, and they are typically liquid at the temperature lower than 100 °C with high conductivity and thermal stability. The membranes containing ILs can conduct protons through the PEMs at elevated temperatures (more than 80 °C), unlike the Nafion-based membranes. A wide range of ILs have been identified, including chiral ILs, bio-ILs, basic ILs, energetic ILs, metallic ILs, and neutral ILs, that, from among them, functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) include a lot of ion exchange groups in their structure that improve and accelerate proton conduction through the polymeric membrane. In spite of positive features of using ILs, the leaching of ILs from the membranes during the operation of fuel cell is the main downside of these organic salts, which leads to reducing the performance of the membranes; however, there are some ways to diminish leaching from the membranes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these issues by evaluating key studies that have been undertaken in the last years in order to present objective and comprehensive updated information that presents the progress that has been made in this field. Significant information regarding the utilization of ILs in MT-PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCs, ILs structure, properties, and synthesis is given. Moreover, leaching of ILs as a challenging demerit and the possible methods to tackle this problem are approached in this paper. The present review will be of interest to chemists, electrochemists, environmentalists, and any other researchers working on sustainable energy production field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.E.); (J.K.)
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Wojciech Kujawski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Kateryna Fatyeyeva
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA ROUEN, CNRS, Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Joanna Kujawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.E.); (J.K.)
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Fadeeva YA, Kuzmin SM, Shmukler LE, Safonova LP. Membranes based on polybenzimidazole and protic ionic liquid: preparation and properties. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Haider R, Wen Y, Ma ZF, Wilkinson DP, Zhang L, Yuan X, Song S, Zhang J. High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: progress in advanced materials and key technologies. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:1138-1187. [PMID: 33245736 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are one type of promising energy device with the advantages of fast reaction kinetics (high energy efficiency), high tolerance to fuel/air impurities, simple plate design, and better heat and water management. They have been expected to be the next generation of PEMFCs specifically for application in hydrogen-fueled automobile vehicles and combined heat and power (CHP) systems. However, their high-cost and low durability interposed by the insufficient performance of key materials such as electrocatalysts and membranes at high temperature operation are still the challenges hindering the technology's practical applications. To develop high performance HT-PEMFCs, worldwide researchers have been focusing on exploring new materials and the related technologies by developing novel synthesis methods and innovative assembly techniques, understanding degradation mechanisms, and creating mitigation strategies with special emphasis on catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction, proton exchange membranes and bipolar plates. In this paper, the state-of-the-art development of HT-PEMFC key materials, components and device assembly along with degradation mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and HT-PEMFC based CHP systems is comprehensively reviewed. In order to facilitate further research and development of HT-PEMFCs toward practical applications, the existing challenges are also discussed and several future research directions are proposed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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High-temperature PEMs based on polybenzimidazole and new nanoparticles for fuel cell application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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High temperature membranes based on PBI/sulfonated polyimide and doped-perovskite nanoparticles for PEM fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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He X, Kong M, Niu Y, Li G. Entanglement and Relaxation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Chains in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids with Different Cationic Structures. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanhua Niu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Karimi MB, Mohammadi F, Hooshyari K. Non-humidified fuel cells using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the electrolyte within a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM): the effect of water and counterions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2917-2929. [PMID: 31951238 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this research, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and employed as the electrolyte in Nafion membranes. Different factors, such as the water content and Nafion counterions (H+, Li+, Na+ and K+), which could influence the PEM performance, were evaluated. The obtained results showed that the presence of water may have a constructive or destructive effect on the DES and Nafion/DES properties, which should be considered for their final applications. Also, the electronegativity of the counterion can significantly influence the Nafion/DES proton conductivity. The prepared Nafion/DES composite membranes showed superconducting properties as a result of a Grotthuss-like mechanism for proton conduction. The conductivities of the prepared membranes were compared to those of other membranes based on an upper bound concept, which showed the potential use of DESs as a promising alternative to conventional ionic liquids. Finally, the fuel cell performances of the prepared membranes at different temperatures were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Karimi
- Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 14965-115 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoon Mohammadi
- Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 14965-115 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Hooshyari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Hooshyari K, Heydari S, Javanbakht M, Beydaghi H, Enhessari M. Fabrication and performance evaluation of new nanocomposite membranes based on sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) for PEM fuel cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2709-2721. [PMID: 35496125 PMCID: PMC9048704 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to enhance the proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (SPPEK) as a proton exchange membrane through the application of SrTiO3 perovskite nanoparticles. Nanocomposite membranes based on SPPEK and SrTiO3 perovskite nanoparticles were prepared via a casting method. The highest proton conductivity of nanocomposite membranes obtained was 120 mS cm−1 at 90 °C and 95% RH. These enhancements could be related to the hygroscopic structure of SrTiO3 perovskite nanoparticles and the formation of hydrogen bonds between nanoparticles and water molecules. The satisfactory power density, 0.41 W cm−2 at 0.5 V and 85 °C, of the nanocomposite membrane (5 wt% content of nanoparticles) confirms their potential for application in the PEM fuel cells. The purpose of this work is to enhance the proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (SPPEK) as a proton exchange membrane through the application of SrTiO3 perovskite nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Hooshyari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Samira Heydari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran.,Solar Cell and Fuel Cell Lab, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Mehran Javanbakht
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran.,Solar Cell and Fuel Cell Lab, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Beydaghi
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Morteza Enhessari
- Department of Chemistry, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University Naragh Iran
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Rajabi Z, Javanbakht M, Hooshyari K, Badiei A, Adibi M. High temperature composite membranes based on polybenzimidazole and dendrimer amine functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica for fuel cells. NEW J CHEM 2020; 44:5001-5018. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work SBA-15, a melamine-based functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica with a dicationic ionic liquid was used in order to improve the physicochemical properties of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membranes for application in HT-PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
- Solar Cell and Fuel Cell Lab
| | - Mehran Javanbakht
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
- Solar Cell and Fuel Cell Lab
| | - Khadijeh Hooshyari
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Urmia University
- Urmia
- Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mina Adibi
- Gas Transportation and Processing Technology Development Division
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI)
- Tehran
- Iran
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18
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Esmaeili N, Gray EM, Webb CJ. Non-Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications - A Review. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2016-2053. [PMID: 31334917 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are currently used for PEMFCs in industry, despite suffering from reduced proton conductivity due to dehydration at higher temperatures. However, operating at temperatures below 100 °C leads to cathode flooding, catalyst poisoning by CO, and complex system design with higher cost. Research has concentrated on the membrane material and on preparation methods to achieve high proton conductivity, thermal, mechanical and chemical stability, low fuel crossover and lower cost at high temperatures. Non-fluorinated polymers are a promising alternative. However, improving the efficiency at higher temperatures has necessitated modifications and the inclusion of inorganic materials in a polymer matrix to form a composite membrane can be an approach to reach the target performance, while still reducing costs. This review focuses on recent research in composite PEMs based on non-fluorinated polymers. Various inorganic fillers incorporated in the PEM structure are reviewed in terms of their properties and the effect on PEM fuel cell performance. The most reliable polymers and fillers with potential for high temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Esmaeili
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evan MacA Gray
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colin J Webb
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Salehi Artimani J, Ardjmand M, Enhessari M, Javanbakht M. Polybenzimidazole/BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-δ nanocomposites with enhanced proton conductivity for high-temperature PEMFC application. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis of polybenzimidazole (PBI)/BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-δ nanocomposite membrane. The obtained membranes were investigated to use as novel electrolytes in high-temperature proton exchange fuel cells. The PBCYx membranes were prepared with dispersing BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-δ into the polyimidazole membrane by solution casting method. The obtained membranes were used as novel proton conductors. The thermal stability and structural properties were investigated. The conductivity and morphology of the obtained materials were studied using impedance spectroscopy AC (IS) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The maximum phosphoric acid adsorption (175%) and protonic conductivity (0.092 S/cm at 180 °C under dry conditions) were observed for all of the PBI nanocomposite membranes containing 5 wt.% of BaCe0.85Y0.15O3-δ in the membrane matrix. The polarization and power density curves were studied at 150 and 180 °C operating temperatures. The power density of about 0.42 W/cm2 and current density of about 0.84 A/cm at 0.5 V and 180 °C were achieved under dry conditions. The data obtained from our studies showed that the physicochemical properties of the novel nanocomposites were enhanced for using in the high-temperature proton transfer fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Salehi Artimani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ardjmand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Enhessari
- Department of Chemistry, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran
| | - Mehran Javanbakht
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
- Fuel Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
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20
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Hooshyari K, Javanbakht M, Salarizadeh P, Bageri A. Advanced nanocomposite membranes based on sulfonated polyethersulfone: influence of nanoparticles on PEMFC performance. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Hosseinabadi P, Hooshyari K, Javanbakht M, Enhessari M. Synthesis and optimization of nanocomposite membranes based on SPEEK and perovskite nanoparticles for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03980e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of BaZr0.9Y0.1O3−δ (BZY10) nanoparticles as a perovskite material with a proton conductor oxide structure to enhance the performance of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been investigated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hosseinabadi
- ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Khadijeh Hooshyari
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Urmia University
- Urmia
- Iran
| | - Mehran Javanbakht
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
- Solar Cell and Fuel Cell Lab
| | - Morteza Enhessari
- Department of Chemistry
- Naragh Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Naragh
- Iran
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22
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Hosseinabadi P, Javanbakht M, Naji L, Ghafarian-Zahmatkesh H. Influence of Pt Nanoparticle Electroless Deposition Parameters on the Electrochemical Characteristics of Nafion-Based Catalyst-Coated Membranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hosseinabadi
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
- Fuel
Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
| | - Mehran Javanbakht
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
- Fuel
Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
| | - Leila Naji
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafarian-Zahmatkesh
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
- Fuel
Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
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23
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Oliveira da Silva LC, Soares BG. New all solid-state polymer electrolyte based on epoxy resin and ionic liquid for high temperature applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bluma Guenther Soares
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, PEMM-COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-972 Brazil
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24
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Elhamifar D, Elhamifar D, Shojaeipoor F. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of a novel polyethylene-supported Fe/ionic liquid complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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