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Chen J, Wang X, Ma H, Huo Z, Wang Y. Experimental Investigation on Corrosion Behavior of X80 Pipeline Steel under Carbon Dioxide Aqueous Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6142-6150. [PMID: 35224377 PMCID: PMC8867561 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A combined steady-state and transient approach is employed to investigate the corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel in carbon dioxide-saturated brines. Continuous bubbling of carbon dioxide into a test vessel with 1 liter capacity is performed to simulate the flowing condition. The measurement of time-dependent open-circuit potential, polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is conducted to interpret the evolution of dissolution processes at the corroding interface. Three distinguishing stages are observed at a temperature of 60 °C during a whole exposure of 144 h. Analyses mainly based on the consecutive mechanism show that after the first stage of the active-adsorption state, the anodic reaction is significantly retarded by the accumulation of (FeOH)ads on the iron surface, causing a sharp increase in the polarization resistance and the open-circuit potential, as well as the disappearance of the inductive loop in EIS. At the third stage, the formation of the corrosion product layer similarly reduces both the anodic and cathodic reactions, which arouses a linear increase in the polarization resistance with time and a capacitive loop in EIS but changes the open-circuit potential slightly. An increase in salinity in this study reduces the polarization resistance and enhances iron dissolution by promoting the formation and relaxation of (FeOH)ads; however, it brings little change to the developing time of the three stages obviously. At a low temperature of 20 °C, a protective product layer is not observed in carbon dioxide-saturated brine, and the dissolution of iron is mainly under activation control during the whole exposure. A notable enlarged polarization resistance and different interfacial processes are observed in an alkaline solution compared with those in acidic environments, which is deduced to be resulted from an impedance in the relaxation of (FeOH)ads by increasing pH. The observations in this study support well that the iron dissolution reaction at the initial stage exposed in carbon dioxide aqueous environments is dominant by water adsorption on the iron surface, and further investigation should be performed on the role that carbon dioxide plays in the evolution of corrosion products and the formation of a protective film on the steel surface by taking into account local water chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukai Chen
- School
of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1, Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Honglian Ma
- China
Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Building 2, Hepingjie, Xiyuan, Chaoyang
District, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Zhiyuan Huo
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yueshe Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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2
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Ren X, Zhang X, Tuo P, Yang B, Chen J, Guo W, Ren J. Neutralization of bauxite residue with high calcium content in abating pH rebound by using ferrous sulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13167-13176. [PMID: 34570319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high alkalinity of bauxite residue and its sustained release impose major limitation on its reuse and ecological disposal. It has been confirmed from sustained rehabilitation that gypsum can effectively reduce the alkalinity of bauxite residue by continuously releasing Ca2+ to react with carbonate and hydroxide. However, the combined bauxite residue with high calcium content exhibits stubborn alkalinity for most alkaline reduction methods employing cations to consume carbonate. In this study, we have aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating the dose-response relationship in the alkaline reduction induced by ferrous sulfate (FS) neutralization. The pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and CO32-/HCO3- of bauxite residue decreased from 10.6, 44.1%, and 42.7/24.5 mg/kg to 8.1, 27.7%, and 0.7/18.0 mg/kg, respectively. Approximately 20-55 days were required for the neutralization reaction to reach equilibrium. The FS induced an increase in free iron oxide (Fed) and amorphous iron oxide (Feo), and partial dissolution of alkaline minerals including calcite, cancrinite, and kaolinite in bauxite residue. Further, addition of FS also affected the kinetic dissolution process of bauxite residue; the acid neutralization capacity of bauxite residue to pH 7 decreased from 0.21 mol H+/kg solid to 0.02 mol H+/kg solid. The results showed FS to be a potential candidate for improving the characteristics of the combined bauxite residue, and guide the FS application for the disposal of the combined bauxite residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Pinpeng Tuo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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Kindi MA, Joshi GR, Cooper K, Andrews J, Arellanes-Lozada P, Leiva-Garcia R, Engelberg DL, Bikondoa O, Lindsay R. Substrate Protection with Corrosion Scales: Can We Depend on Iron Carbonate? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58193-58200. [PMID: 34807568 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling corrosion with naturally occurring corrosion scales is potentially a more environmentally sustainable alternative to current approaches, including dosing of organic corrosion inhibitors. We report operando grazing incidence X-ray diffractograms correlated with electrochemical measurements to elucidate the growth and corrosion protection properties of a corrosion scale composed of FeCO3 crystallites, which is encountered in various key energy industry applications. Data, acquired as a function of time from high-purity iron immersed in CO2-saturated deionized H2O at pH 6.8 and T = 80 °C, show that the FeCO3 scale not only prevents corrosion of the covered substrate but also acts as a significant interfacial diffusion barrier for corrosion reagents and/or products once sufficient coverage is achieved. Most notably, from a corrosion engineering perspective, however, it is determined that corrosion occurring in gaps between scale crystallites remains appreciable; this important insight is gained through the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectra to estimate the variation in electrochemically active surface area as scale coverage increases. These results indicate that naturally occurring FeCO3 scales are not a tenable solution for corrosion protection, as even in their intact state they are highly likely to be, at best, semiprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Kindi
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gaurav R Joshi
- IFP Energies Nouvelles (Lyon), Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize, BP-3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Karyn Cooper
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jake Andrews
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Paulina Arellanes-Lozada
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Rafael Leiva-Garcia
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Dirk L Engelberg
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Oier Bikondoa
- XMaS-ESRF, 71 Avenue Des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Robert Lindsay
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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Cen H, Wu C, Chen Z. N, S Co-doped carbon coated MnS/MnO/Mn nanoparticles as a novel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in CO2-saturated NaCl solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sanchez-Salazar E, Vazquez-Velez E, Uruchurtu J, Porcayo-Calderon J, Casales M, Rosales-Cadena I, Lopes-Cecenes R, Gonzalez-Rodriguez JG. Use of a Gemini-Surfactant Synthesized from the Mango Seed Oil as a CO 2-Corrosion Inhibitor for X-120 Steel. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154206. [PMID: 34361400 PMCID: PMC8347954 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A gemini surfactant imidazoline type, namely N-(3-(2-fatty-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propyl) fatty amide, has been obtained from the fatty acids contained in the mango seed and used as a CO2 corrosion inhibitor for API X-120 pipeline steel. Employed techniques involved potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These tests were supported by detailed scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy studies. It was found that obtained gemini surfactant greatly decreases the steel corrosion rate by retarding both anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions, with an efficiency that increases with an increase in its concentration. Gemini surfactant inhibits the corrosion of steel by the adsorption mechanism, and it is adsorbed on to the steel surface according to a Langmuir model in a chemical type of adsorption. SEM and Raman results shown the presence of the inhibitor on the steel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sanchez-Salazar
- Engineering and Applied Sciences Research Center, Autonomus University of Morelos Sate, AV. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (E.S.-S.); (J.U.); (J.P.-C.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - E. Vazquez-Velez
- Institute of Physical Science, National University Autonomous of Mexico, Mazatlán 82000, Mexico; (E.V.-V.); (M.C.)
| | - J. Uruchurtu
- Engineering and Applied Sciences Research Center, Autonomus University of Morelos Sate, AV. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (E.S.-S.); (J.U.); (J.P.-C.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - J. Porcayo-Calderon
- Engineering and Applied Sciences Research Center, Autonomus University of Morelos Sate, AV. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (E.S.-S.); (J.U.); (J.P.-C.); (I.R.-C.)
- Metalurgy and Chemical Engineering Department, Sonora University, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico
| | - M. Casales
- Institute of Physical Science, National University Autonomous of Mexico, Mazatlán 82000, Mexico; (E.V.-V.); (M.C.)
| | - I. Rosales-Cadena
- Engineering and Applied Sciences Research Center, Autonomus University of Morelos Sate, AV. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (E.S.-S.); (J.U.); (J.P.-C.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - R. Lopes-Cecenes
- Chemical Science and Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Morelos Sate, AV. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Engineering and Applied Sciences Research Center, Autonomus University of Morelos Sate, AV. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (E.S.-S.); (J.U.); (J.P.-C.); (I.R.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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Matamoros-Veloza A, Barker R, Vargas S, Neville A. Mechanistic Insights of Dissolution and Mechanical Breakdown of FeCO 3 Corrosion Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5741-5751. [PMID: 33475361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon steel is a universally used material in various transportation and construction industries. Research related to CO2 corrosion environments agrees on the occurrence of siderite (FeCO3) as a main product conforming corrosion films, suggested to impart protection to carbon steel. Identifying and understanding the presence of all corrosion products under certain conditions is of greatest importance to elucidate the behavior of corrosion films under operation conditions (e.g., flow, pH, temperature), but information regarding the nature and formation of other Fe corrosion products apart from FeCO3 is lacking. Corrosion products in CO2 environments typically consist of common Fe minerals that in nature have been demonstrated to undergo transformations, forming other Fe phases. This fact of nature has not been yet explored in the corrosion science field, which can help us to describe mechanisms associated with industrial processes. In this work, we present a multiscale and multidisciplinary approach to understand the mechanisms occurring on corrosion films under the key factors of flow and pH through the combination of molecular techniques with imaging. We report that certainly siderite (FeCO3, cylindrical with trigonal-pyramidal caps) is the main product identified under the conditions used (representative of brine transport at 80 °C), but wustite (FeO) and magnetite (Fe3O4) minerals also form, likely from the de-carbonation of FeCO3 → FeO → Fe3O4, depending on pH under the action of flow. These minerals exist across the corrosion films evidencing a more complex nature of the three-dimensional layer not currently accounted for in the mechanistic models. A relatively low flow velocity (1 m/s), as recognized for industrial operations, is enough to produce chemo-mechanical damage to the FeCO3 crystals, causing breakage at low pH where dissolution of FeCO3 occurs with a rapid crystal size reduction of the cylindrical FeCO3 geometry of ∼80% in just 8 h, changing also the local chemical structure of Fe3C under the film. Similarly, a flow velocity of 1 m/s is capable of inducing crystal removal at neutral pH, promoting further degradation of the steel, compromising the protectiveness assumption of FeCO3 corrosion films. The chemo-mechanical damage and Fe phase transformations will affect the critical localized corrosion, and therefore, they need to be accounted for in mechanistic models aiming to find new avenues for control and mitigation of carbon steel corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Matamoros-Veloza
- Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Barker
- Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vargas
- BP America, Inc., Houston, Texas 77079, United States
| | - Anne Neville
- Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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7
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of corrosion product layer formation on pipeline steel. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Li H, Li D, Zhang L, Bai Y, Wang Y, Lu M. Fundamental aspects of the corrosion of N80 steel in a formation water system under high CO 2 partial pressure at 100 °C. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11641-11648. [PMID: 35516996 PMCID: PMC9063283 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The corrosion behavior of N80 carbon steel in a simulated formation water system saturated with CO2 under high pressure at 100 °C was investigated. The effect of the CO2 partial pressure on the electrochemical behavior and surface morphologies of the N80 carbon steel was analyzed by in situ electrochemical methods and surface analysis, combined with a series of thermodynamic calculations of the potential of anodic/cathodic reactions. While an increase in the CO2 partial pressure did not alter the corrosion mechanism of the N80 steel, it resulted in higher concentrations of H+ and HCO3− ions, thereby significantly enhancing the rate of the cathodic reactions. The precipitation rate of FeCO3 increased with the CO2 partial pressure, with small and fine grains nucleating and growing on the steel surface with poor protectiveness. The corrosion behavior of N80 carbon steel in a simulated formation water system saturated with CO2 under high pressure at 100 °C was investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China +86-10-62334410
| | - Dapeng Li
- Safetech Research Institute (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China +86-10-62334410
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China +86-10-62334410
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China +86-10-62334410
| | - Minxu Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China +86-10-62334410
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De Motte R, Mingant R, Kittel J, Ropital F, Combrade P, Necib S, Deydier V, Crusset D. Near surface pH measurements in aqueous CO2 corrosion. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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