1
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Cunha C, Pineiro M, Seixas de Melo JS. Exploring the decay mechanisms of isoindigo from indolin-2-one-based derivatives: molecular isomerism vs. aromatic rigidity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2025; 27:10073-10081. [PMID: 40296759 DOI: 10.1039/d5cp00148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
The excited state decay pathways of indigo (IND) and its structural isomers, indirubin (INR) and isoindigo (ISO), have received considerable attention in recent years, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involving excited state proton transfer (ESPT) and rotational isomerisation. In this work, we aim to deepen the understanding of the decay mechanisms of ISO for which we have synthesized two new structures derived from indolin-2-one. The first structure consists of two indolin-2-one units linked by two double bonds, designated 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylidene)bis(indolin-2-one), abbreviated as EBI, while the second structure is a fused aromatic system with a double bond, 6,12-dihydrodibenzo[c,h][2,6]naphthyridine-5,11-dione (abbreviated as DBND). EBI consists of a flexible structure, allowing for different isomeric forms in both the ground and excited states, while DBND is a rigid, polyaromatic molecule. Three geometrical isomers of EBI were identified on the basis of their geometries (E,E'-EBI, Z,E'-EBI and Z,Z'-EBI) and efficiently purified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The excited state properties were studied using steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TA). Quantum chemical calculations provided insight into the observed spectral features. The flexible structure of EBI in the excited state, regardless of its isomeric form, enables efficient radiationless decay. In contrast, the rigid molecular structure of DBND leads to predominant deactivation by a radiative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cunha
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
| | - Marta Pineiro
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
| | - J Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
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2
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Wang YA, Wu Q, Wang X, Jiang M, Zhang R, Chen XJ, Liang RP, Qiu JD. In Situ Electrochemical Interfacial Polymerization for Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Electrochromism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202413071. [PMID: 39103902 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202413071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
A rapid in situ synthesis of electrochromic covalent organic frameworks (EC-COFs) was proposed by using green electrochemical interface polymerization of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine (TPDA) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHBD). The synthetized TPDA-DHBD films exhibit stable polymorphic color variations under different applied potentials, which can be attributed to the redox state changes of bis(triphenylamine) and imine electroactive functional groups within the COFs skeleton. TPDA-DHBD represents markedly different electrochromisms from red to cyan due to the steric hindrance effect caused by the presence of UO2 2+, demonstrating the unique tunability of COFs materials. This work offers a new feasible idea for rapid EC-COFs synthesis and tunable EC-COFs realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Min Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
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3
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Wang W, Cao J, Yu J, Tian F, Luo X, Hao Y, Huang J, Wang F, Zhou W, Xu J, Liu X, Yang H. Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Stretchable Conducting Polymer Electrodes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081856. [PMID: 37112003 PMCID: PMC10144423 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercapacitors are widely used in various fields due to their high power density, fast charging and discharging speeds, and long service life. However, with the increasing demand for flexible electronics, integrated supercapacitors in devices are also facing more challenges, such as extensibility, bending stability, and operability. Despite many reports on stretchable supercapacitors, challenges still exist in their preparation process, which involves multiple steps. Therefore, we prepared stretchable conducting polymer electrodes by depositing thiophene and 3-methylthiophene on patterned 304 stainless steel (SS 304) through electropolymerization. The cycling stability of the prepared stretchable electrodes could be further improved by protecting them with poly(vinyl alcohol)/sulfuric acid (PVA/H2SO4) gel electrolyte. Specifically, the mechanical stability of the polythiophene (PTh) electrode was improved by 2.5%, and the stability of the poly(3-methylthiophene (P3MeT) electrode was improved by 7.0%. As a result, the assembled flexible supercapacitors maintained 93% of their stability even after 10,000 cycles of strain at 100%, which indicates potential applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fajuan Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yiting Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiyan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fucheng Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ximei Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Hanjun Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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4
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Isoindigo-Thiophene D-A-D-Type Conjugated Polymers: Electrosynthesis and Electrochromic Performances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032219. [PMID: 36768544 PMCID: PMC9916795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Four novel isoindigo-thiophene D-A-D-type precursors are synthesized by Stille coupling and electrosynthesized to yield corresponding hybrid polymers with favorable electrochemical and electrochromic performances. Intrinsic structure-property relationships of precursors and corresponding polymers, including surface morphology, band gaps, electrochemical properties, and electrochromic behaviors, are systematically investigated. The resultant isoindigo-thiophene D-A-D-type polymer combines the merits of isoindigo and polythiophene, including the excellent stability of isoindigo-based polymers and the extraordinary electrochromic stability of polythiophene. The low onset oxidation potential of precursors ranges from 1.10 to 1.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl, contributing to the electrodeposition of high-quality polymer films. Further kinetic studies illustrate that isoindigo-thiophene D-A-D-type polymers possess favorable electrochromic performances, including high optical contrast (53%, 1000 nm), fast switching time (0.8 s), and high coloration efficiency (124 cm2 C-1). These features of isoindigo-thiophene D-A-D-type conjugated polymers could provide a possibility for rational design and application as electrochromic materials.
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5
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Ming S, Zhang Y, Lin K, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Large-fused-ring-based D-A type electrochromic polymer with magenta/yellowish green/cyan three-color transitions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1970-1976. [PMID: 36541439 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Large-fused-ring-based conjugated polymers possess wide application prospects in optoelectronic devices due to their high charge transport and wide optical absorption. In this paper, three low-bandgap donor-acceptor (D-A) type polymers PBIT-X (X = 1, 2, 3) based on alkylated benzodithiophene and tris(thienothiophene) as donors and thiadiazol-quinoxaline as an acceptor were synthesized via Stille coupling polymerization at different (donor/acceptor) D/A molar feed ratios. The band gaps of PBIT-1, PBIT-2, PBIT-3 were 1.10 eV, 1.04 eV and 1.02 eV, respectively. Spectroelectrochemistry studies showed that the three D-A type polymers have dual bands located in visible and near-infrared regions in the neutral state. The three D-A type polymers possess good electrochromic properties, such as an optical contrast of 56% and response time of 0.3 s. In particular, PBIT-3 could achieve three color changes from magenta to yellowish green to cyan during the oxidation process. The results indicate that these D-A type conjugated polymers based on large fused-ring units exhibit multiple color changes, endowing them with huge potential applications in visible and near-infrared electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouli Ming
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
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6
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Ming S, Du Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Covering visible light region of fused rings-based D-A type electrochromic polymer with high-coloration efficiency. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Lin K, Wu C, Zhang G, Wu Z, Tang S, Lin Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Lin H, Wang Y, Ming S, Lu B. Toward High-Performance Electrochromic Conjugated Polymers: Influence of Local Chemical Environment and Side-Chain Engineering. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238424. [PMID: 36500516 PMCID: PMC9741092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Three homologous electrochromic conjugated polymers, each containing an asymmetric building block but decorated with distinct alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized using electrochemical polymerization in this study. The corresponding monomers, namely T610FBTT810, DT6FBT, and DT48FBT, comprise the same backbone structure, i.e., an asymmetric 5-fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole unit substituted by two thiophene terminals, but were decorated with different types of alkyl chain (hexyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, or 2-octyldecyl). The effects of the side-chain structure and asymmetric repeating unit on the optical absorption, electrochemistry, morphology, and electrochromic properties were investigated comparatively. It was found that the electrochromism conjugated polymer, originating from DT6FBT with the shortest and linear alkyl chain, exhibits the best electrochromic performance with a 25% optical contrast ratio and a 0.3 s response time. The flexible electrochromic device of PDT6FBT achieved reversible colors of navy and cyan between the neutral and oxidized states, consistent with the non-device phenomenon. These results demonstrate that subtle modification of the side chain is able to change the electrochromic properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Changjun Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guangyao Zhang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shiting Tang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yingxin Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Hengjia Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Shouli Ming
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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8
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Structure modification of isoindigo copolymer synthesized by direct arylation that improves the open circuit voltage on organic solar cells. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Hacıefendioǧlu T, Yildirim E. Design Principles for the Acceptor Units in Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38969-38978. [PMID: 36340112 PMCID: PMC9631416 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 different acceptor units from the experimental literature have been modeled, analyzed, and compared by using the computationally extracted data from the density functional theory (DFT) perspective for tetramer structures in the form of (D-B-A-B)4 (D, donor; A, acceptor; B, bridge) with fixed donor and bridge units. Comparison of dihedral angle between acceptor, donor, and bridge units, bond order, and hyperpolarizability reveals that these three structural properties have a dominant effect on the frontier electronic energy levels of the acceptor units. Systematic investigation of the structural properties has demonstrated the band gap energy dependency of the acceptor units on the planarity, conjugation, and the electron delocalization. Substitution effect, morphological alternation, and insertion of π-electron deficient atoms in A unit have also an important role to determine physical properties of the donor-acceptor conjugated polymers. This benchmark study will be beneficial for the band gap engineering and molecular design of the donor-acceptor copolymers using different acceptor units for the organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erol Yildirim
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle
East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Middle East
Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Ming S, Zhang Y, Lin K, Du Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Maroon-green-indigo color switching of thienoisoindigo-based electrochromic copolymers with high optical contrast. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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She P, Qin Y, Wang X, Zhang Q. Recent Progress in External-Stimulus-Responsive 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101175. [PMID: 34240479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, smart 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs), combining the advantages of both inherent structure features and functional building blocks, have been demonstrated to show reversible changes in conformation, color, and luminescence in response to external stimuli. This review provides a summary on the recent progress of 2D COFs that are responsive to external stimuli such as metal ions, gas molecules, pH values, temperature, electricity, light, etc. Moreover, the responsive mechanisms and design strategies, along with the applications of these stimulus-responsive 2D COFs in chemical sensors and photoelectronic devices are also discussed. It is believed that this review would provide some guidelines for designing novel single-/multistimulus-responsive 2D COFs with controllable responsive behaviors for advanced photoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei She
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Qin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
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12
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A thriving decade: rational design, green synthesis, and cutting-edge applications of isoindigo-based conjugated polymers in organic field-effect transistors. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Chen H, Wang W, Zhu J, Han Y, Liu J. Electropolymerization of D-A type EDOT-based monomers consisting of camphor substituted quinoxaline unit for electrochromism with enhanced performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Chua MH, Toh SHG, Ong PJ, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xiong S, Xu J. Towards modulating the colour hues of isoindigo-based electrochromic polymers through variation of thiophene-based donor groups. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrated that the hues of both neutral and oxidised colours of isoindigo-based donor–acceptor polymers could be tuned subtly by means of variation of the number and type of donor groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Sheng Heng Gerald Toh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Pin Jin Ong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Shanxin Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
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15
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Stable low-bandgap isoindigo-bisEDOT copolymer with superior electrochromic performance in NIR window. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Park KH, Go J, Lim B, Noh Y. Recent progress in lactam‐based polymer semiconductors for organic electronic devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Park
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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17
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Bogdanov AV, Mironov VF. Recent advances in the application of isoindigo derivatives in materials chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1533-1564. [PMID: 34290836 PMCID: PMC8275870 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the data on the application of isoindigo derivatives in the chemistry of functional materials are analyzed and summarized. These bisheterocycles can be used in the creation of organic solar cells, sensors, lithium ion batteries as well as in OFET and OLED technologies. The potentials of the use of polymer structures based on isoindigo as photoactive component in the photoelectrochemical reduction of water, as matrix for MALDI spectrometry and in photothermal cancer therapy are also shown. Data published over the past 5 years, including works published at the beginning of 2021, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Bogdanov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov St., Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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18
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Bessinger D, Muggli K, Beetz M, Auras F, Bein T. Fast-Switching Vis-IR Electrochromic Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7351-7357. [PMID: 33724793 PMCID: PMC8154512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic coatings are promising for applications in smart windows or energy-efficient optical displays. However, classical inorganic electrochromic materials such as WO3 suffer from low coloration efficiency and slow switching speed. We have developed highly efficient and fast-switching electrochromic thin films based on fully organic, porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The low band gap COFs have strong vis-NIR absorption bands in the neutral state, which shift significantly upon electrochemical oxidation. Fully reversible absorption changes by close to 3 OD can be triggered at low operating voltages and low charge per unit area. Our champion material reaches an electrochromic coloration efficiency of 858 cm2 C-1 at 880 nm and retains >95% of its electrochromic response over 100 oxidation/reduction cycles. Furthermore, the electrochromic switching is extremely fast with response times below 0.4 s for the oxidation and around 0.2 s for the reduction, outperforming previous COFs by at least an order of magnitude and rendering these materials some of the fastest-switching frameworks to date. This combination of high coloration efficiency and very fast switching reveals intriguing opportunities for applications of porous organic electrochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Bessinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Muggli
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Beetz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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19
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Flexible Electrochromic Poly(thiophene-furan) Film via Electrodeposition with High Stability. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Yang W, Yue HG, Zhao D, Yan H, Cao KL, Zhao JS, Zhang Q. Thienylmethylene Oxindole Based Conjugated Polymers via Direct Arylation Polymerization and Their Electrochromic Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Feng J, Liu T, Cao R. An Electrochromic Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22392-22396. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐fei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Tian‐Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
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22
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Feng J, Liu T, Cao R. An Electrochromic Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐fei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Tian‐Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
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Sparks NE, Ranathunge TA, Attanayake NH, Brodgon P, Delcamp JH, Rajapakse RMG, Watkins DL. Electrochemical Copolymerization of Isoindigo‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Polymers with Intrinsically Enhanced Conductivity and Near‐Infrared‐II Activity. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Sparks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | - Tharindu A. Ranathunge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | | | - Phillip Brodgon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | | | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
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25
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Lu B, Jian N, Qu K, Hu F, Liu X, Xu J, Zhao G. Stepwise enhancement on optoelectronic performances of polyselenophene via electropolymerization of mono-, bi-, and tri-selenophene. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Araujo MHD, Matencio T, Donnici CL, Calado HDR. Electrical and spectroelectrochemical investigation of thiophene-based donor-acceptor copolymers with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. POLIMEROS 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Yue H, Kong L, Wang B, Yuan Q, Zhang Y, Du H, Dong Y, Zhao J. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel D-A Type Neutral Blue Electrochromic Polymers Containing Pyrrole[3-c]Pyrrole-1,4-Diketone as the Acceptor Units and the Aromatics Donor Units with Different Planar Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2023. [PMID: 31817708 PMCID: PMC6960932 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three soluble conjugated polymers, named BEDPP, FLDPP, and CADPP, were prepared through the Suzuki polymerized reaction, and employed benzene (BE), fluorene (FL), and carbazole (CA) as the donor units, respectively. The electron-deficient molecule 2,5-bis-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-bis-(5-bromo-thiophene)-pyrrole[3-c]pyrrole-1,4-diketone(DPP)was introduced and used as the acceptor unit. The properties of these three copolymers were studied by a series of detailed characterization analysis, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), colorimetry, electrochemical measurements, spectroelectrochemistry, kinetics, quantitative calculation, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, etc. The results revealed that BEDPP displayed a blue color in the neutral state and a light brown color in the oxidized state, FLDPP exhibited a cyan color in the neutral state and a gray color in the oxidized state, while CADPP displayed pure blue color in the neutral state and a light gray color in the oxidized state. All these polymers possess narrow optical band gaps lower than 1.80 eV and satisfactory thermal stability. The kinetic characterization showed that the optical contrasts (ΔT%) in the near-infrared region were superior to the visible region. The optical contrasts of BEDPP, FLDPP, and CADPP are 41.32%, 42.39%, and 45.95% in the near-infrared region, respectively, which made them a good application prospect in the near-infrared region. Amid the three polymers, CADPP has the highest coloration efficiency (around about 288 cm2·C-1) and fast switching times (0.77 s in the coloring process and 0.52 s in the bleaching process) in the visible region, and the comprehensive performance of CADPP can be comparable to that of the reported D-A (Donor-Acceptor) type blue color polymers. In general, based on the good performances and the stable neutral blue color, the three polymers had profound theoretical significance for the development of electrochromic material and the completion of the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoguo Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Department of chemistry, Dongchang College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yunyun Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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28
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Hao Q, Li ZJ, Lu C, Sun B, Zhong YW, Wan LJ, Wang D. Oriented Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Films for Near-Infrared Electrochromic Application. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19831-19838. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hao
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Juan Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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29
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Xue Z, Chen S, Gao N, Xue Y, Lu B, Watson OA, Zang L, Xu J. Structural Design and Applications of Stereoregular Fused Thiophenes and Their Oligomers and Polymers. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1673404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Anielle Watson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ling Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jingkun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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30
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Design and Characterization of New D-A Type Electrochromic Conjugated Copolymers Based on Indolo[3,2-b]Carbazole, Isoindigo and Thiophene Units. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101626. [PMID: 31597368 PMCID: PMC6836008 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new donor–acceptor (D–A) type organic conjugated random copolymers were successfully synthesized by three-component Stille coupling polymerization of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ), isoindigo (IID) and thiophene units, namely PITID-X (X = 1 and 2), with the controlled monomer feed ratios of 3:1:4 and 1:1:2, respectively. The strategy of incorporating different alkyl-branched donor/acceptor units and raw material feed ratios facilitated the improvement of optical properties, solubility, conjugated structure, and electrochromic performance. Cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra, kinetic and colorimetric measurements of the spray-coated films were recorded in the fabricated three-electrode cells. The results showed that PITID-2, whose optical/electrical properties were better than that of PITID-1, was the candidate electrochromic material due to low band gap of 1.58 eV accompanying the color changing from cyan (neutral state) to gray (oxidized state). The copolymer also illustrated fast bleaching/coloration response time of 2.04/0.33 and 1.35/1.50 s in a 4 s time interval, high coloration efficiency of 171.52 and 153.08 cm2 C−1 and stable optical contrast of 18% and 58% at the wavelength of 675 and 1600 nm, respectively.
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31
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Ranathunge TA, Karunathilaka D, Ngo DT, Attanayake NH, Brodgon P, Delcamp JH, Rajapakse RMG, Watkins DL. Radically Accessing D–A Type Ambipolar Copolymeric Materials with Intrinsic Electrical Conductivity and Visible–Near Infrared Absorption Via Electro‐Copolymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharindu A. Ranathunge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Dilan Karunathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Duong T. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | | | - Phillip Brodgon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - R. M. Gamini Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
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32
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Chu T, Yue H, Zhao Y, Du H, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhao J, Zhang J. Synthesis and characterization of D-A type conjugated electrochromic polymers with cross-linked structure employing a novel and multi-functionalized molecular as the acceptor unit. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Ledwon P, Ovsiannikova D, Jarosz T, Gogoc S, Nitschke P, Domagala W. Insight into the properties and redox states of n-dopable conjugated polymers based on naphtalene diimide units. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Cruciani F, Babics M, Liu S, Carja D, Mantione D, Beaujuge PM. N
‐Acylisoindigo Derivatives as Polymer Acceptors for “All‐Polymer” Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cruciani
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO – UMR 5629)Bordeaux INPUniversité de Bordeaux, CNRS 16 Av., Pey‐Berland 33607 Pessac France
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxime Babics
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shengjian Liu
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and StorageGuangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Materials for Energy Conversion and StorageSouth China Normal University Guanghzou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Daniela Carja
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO – UMR 5629)Bordeaux INPUniversité de Bordeaux, CNRS 16 Av., Pey‐Berland 33607 Pessac France
| | - Pierre M. Beaujuge
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
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35
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Yellow-to-blue switching of indole[3,2-b]carbazole-based electrochromic polymers and the corresponding electrochromic devices with outstanding photopic contrast, fast switching speed, and satisfactory cycling stability. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Jian N, Qu K, Gu H, Zou L, Liu X, Hu F, Xu J, Yu Y, Lu B. Highly fluorescent triazolopyridine-thiophene D-A-D oligomers for efficient pH sensing both in solution and in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7174-7182. [PMID: 30888005 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated fluorophores have been extensively used for fluorescence sensing of various substances in the field of life processes and environmental science, due to their noninvasiveness, sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity. Most existing conjugated fluorophores exhibit excellent light-emitting performance in dilute solutions, but their properties substantially decrease or even completely vanish due to severe aggregation quenching in the solid state. Herein, we synthesize a series of triazolopyridine-thiophene donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type conjugated molecules with high absolute fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) ranging from 80% to 89% in solution. These molecules also show unusual light-emitting properties in the solid state with ΦF of up to 26%. We find that owing to the protonation-deprotonation process of the pyridine ring, these compounds display obvious changes in both fluorescence wavelength and intensity upon addition of acids, and these changes can be readily recovered by the successive introduction of bases. By harnessing this phenomenon, we further show that these fluorophores can be employed for efficient and reversible fluorescence sensing of hydrogen ions in a broad pH range (0.0-7.0). With the fabrication of pH testing papers and ink-printed complex patterns including butterflies and letters on substrates, we demonstrate the application of such sensors to fluorescence indication or solid state pH detection for real samples such as volatile acidic/basic gas and water-quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Jian
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China.
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37
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Xue Y, Xue Z, Zhang W, Zhang W, Chen S, Lin K, Xu J. Thieno[3,2‐
b
]Thiophene End‐Capped all‐Sulfur Analog of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene and its Eletrosynthesized Polymer: Is Distorted Conformation Not Suitable for Electrochromism? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xue
- School of PharmacyJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi China
| | - Zexu Xue
- School of PharmacyJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- School of PharmacyJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of PharmacyJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi China
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Science and Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042, Shandong China
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Xue Y, Xue Z, Zhang W, Zhang W, Chen S, Lin K, Xu J. Effects on optoelectronic performances of EDOT end-capped oligomers and electrochromic polymers by varying thienothiophene cores. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Sun TG, Li ZJ, Shao JY, Zhong YW. Electrochromism in Electropolymerized Films of Pyrene-Triphenylamine Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E73. [PMID: 30960057 PMCID: PMC6402011 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two star-shaped multi-triphenylamine derivatives 1 and 2 were prepared, where 2 has an additional phenyl unit between a pyrene core and surrounding triphenylamine units. The oxidative electropolymerization of 1 and 2 occurred smoothly to give thin films of polymers P1 and P2. The electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of P1 and P2 were examined, showing two-step absorption spectral changes in the near-infrared region. The electrochromic properties, including contrast ratio, response time, and cyclic stability of P1 and P2 were investigated and compared. Thin film of P2 displays slightly better electrochromic performance than P1, with a contrast ratio of 45% at 1475 nm being achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ge Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhi-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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40
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Bini K, Murto P, Elmas S, Andersson MR, Wang E. Broad spectrum absorption and low-voltage electrochromic operation from indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based copolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01787e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The design and application of IDTT-based conjugated polymers for red-to-transparent and black-to-transparent electrochromic switching at low voltages are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Petri Murto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
| | - Sait Elmas
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Flinders University
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Flinders University
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
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Seki Y, Takahashi M, Takashiri M. Effects of different electrolytes and film thicknesses on structural and thermoelectric properties of electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15957-15965. [PMID: 35521404 PMCID: PMC9064295 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the type of electrolyte and film thickness on the structural and thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates prepared using electropolymerization were investigated. Two electrolytes were prepared using two different solvents: a water/methanol solvent (protic solvent) and acetonitrile (aprotic solvent) with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and LiCF3SO3, typically included in electrolytes as dopants. The electrochemical properties of the two electrolytes were analyzed; it was found that the polymerization process for EDOT on an ITO substrate varied based on the electrolyte used. When the electropolymerization time was increased, the surface morphology of the PEDOT films prepared using the water/methanol solvent appeared to contain grains approximately 100 nm in size whereas the PEDOT films prepared using acetonitrile appeared to contain aggregated grains connected by polymeric networks. Even though there were differences in the surface morphology and chemical bonds determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance analysis, the thermoelectric properties were strongly dependent on the film thickness and were only weakly dependent on the type of electrolyte used. The highest power factor was 41.3 μW (m−1 K−2) for a PEDOT film with a thickness of 0.5 μm prepared using the water/methanol solvent electrolyte. The effects of electrolyte type and film thickness on the structural and thermoelectric properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates prepared using electropolymerization were investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Seki
- Department of Materials Science
- Tokai University
- Hiratsuka
- Japan
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Zhang Y, Kong L, Du H, Zhao J, Xie Y. Three novel donor-acceptor type electrochromic polymers containing 2,3-bis(5-methylfuran-2-yl)thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine acceptor and different thiophene donors: Low-band-gap, neutral green-colored, fast-switching materials. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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