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Jing L, Zhuo K, Sun L, Zhang N, Su X, Chen Y, Hu X, Feng R, Wang J. The Mass-Balancing between Positive and Negative Electrodes for Optimizing Energy Density of Supercapacitors. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14369-14385. [PMID: 38718351 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs) are some of the most promising energy storage devices, but their low energy density is one main weakness. Over the decades, superior electrode materials and suitable electrolytes have been widely developed to enhance the energy storage ability of SCs. Particularly, constructing asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) can extend their electrochemical stable voltage windows (ESVWs) and thus achieve high energy density. However, only full utilization of the electrochemical stable potential windows (ESPWs) of both positive and negative electrodes can endow the ASC devices with a maximum ESVW by using a suitable mass-ratio between two electrodes (the mass-balancing). Nevertheless, insufficient attention is directed to mass-balancing, and even numerous misunderstandings and misuses have appeared. Therefore, in this Perspective, we focus on the mass-balancing: summarize theoretic basis of the mass-balancing, derive relevant relation equations, analyze and discuss the change trends of the specific capacitance and energy density of ASCs with mass-ratios, and finally recommend some guidelines for the normative implementation of the mass-balancing. Especially, the issues related to pseudocapacitive materials, hybrid devices, and different open circuit potentials (OCPs) of the positive and negative electrodes in the mass-balancing are included and emphasized. These analyses and guidelines can be conducive to understanding and performing mass-balancing for developing high-performance SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqi Jing
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Kelei Zhuo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Rumeng Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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Mackowiak A, Galek P, Fic K. Deep Eutectic Solvents for High-Temperature Electrochemical Capacitors. ChemElectroChem 2021; 8:4028-4037. [PMID: 34820253 PMCID: PMC8596588 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of a deep eutectic mixture based on the application of lithium nitrate (V) and acetamide as an electrolyte in a carbon-based electrochemical capacitor. This type of electrolyte is intended to be applied in devices designed for operation under critical conditions (e. g., extreme temperatures). In contrast to water- and common organic-based formulations, the proposed electrolyte ensures good device performance at 100 °C. To describe the chemistry of the proposed mixture, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry were used. Electrochemical analysis includes the verification of system ageing, self-discharge monitoring, leakage current measuring, and fundamental testing related to determining the specific capacitance or maximum voltage. Additionally, comprehensive analysis of the lithium nitrate salt and organic solvent addition to the operating system was carried out, including the replacement of lithium ions with sodium or potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mackowiak
- Institute of Chemistry and ElectrochemistryPoznan University of TechnologyBerdychowo 461-131PoznanPoland
| | - Przemyslaw Galek
- Institute of Chemistry and ElectrochemistryPoznan University of TechnologyBerdychowo 461-131PoznanPoland
| | - Krzysztof Fic
- Institute of Chemistry and ElectrochemistryPoznan University of TechnologyBerdychowo 461-131PoznanPoland
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MARTINS VITORL, NEVES HERBERTR, MONJE IVONNEE, LEITE MARINAM, OLIVEIRA PAULOFDE, ANTONIASSI RODOLFOM, CHAUQUE SUSANA, MORAIS WILLIAMG, MELO EDUARDOC, OBANA THIAGOT, SOUZA BRENOL, TORRESI ROBERTOM. An Overview on the Development of Electrochemical Capacitors and Batteries – Part I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92:e20200796. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - HERBERT R. NEVES
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Catarinense Federal Institute for Education Science and Technology – IFC, Brazil
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