Operational durability of three-dimensional Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide electrocatalyst for water oxidation

A novel Senescence-Based prognostic model unveils tumor interactions and drug resistance in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND

In China, CRC incidence is escalating. The main hurdles are heterogeneity and drug resistance. This research delves into cellular senescence in CRC, aiming to devise a prognostic model and pinpoint mechanisms impacting drug resistance.

METHODS

Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis confirmed the association between CRC and cellular aging. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CRC data served as the training set, with GSE38832 and GSE39582 as validation sets. Various bioinformatics methods were employed to construct and validate a risk model. CRC cells with NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) knockout were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Protein blotting and colony formation assays elucidated the role of NOX4 in CRC cell aging and drug resistance.

RESULTS

A prognostic model, derived from dataset analysis, uncovered a link between high-risk groups and cancer progression. Notable differences in the tumor microenvironment were observed between risk groups. Finally, NOX4 was found to be linked with aging and drug resistance in CRC.

CONCLUSION

This research presents a novel senescence-based CRC prognosis model. It identifies NOX4's role in CRC drug resistance, suggesting it is a potential treatment target.

Boosting oxygen evolution reaction activity with Mo incorporated NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst for efficient water electrolysis

This work demonstrates a simple and scalable methodology for the binder-free direct growth of Mo-doped NiFe-layered double hydroxides on a nickel substrate via an electrodeposition route at room temperature. A three-dimensional (3D) nanosheet array morphology of the electrocatalyst provides immense electrochemical surface area as well as abundant catalytically active sites. Mo incorporation in the NiFe-LDH plays a crucial role in regulating the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The prepared electrocatalyst exhibited low overpotential (i.e., 230 mV) at 30 mA cm-2 for OER in an alkaline electrolyte (i.e., 1 M KOH). Furthermore, the optimized Mo-doped NiFe-LDH electrode was used as an anode in a laboratory-scale in situ single cell test system for alkaline water electrolysis at 80 °C with a continuous flow of 30 wt% KOH, and it shows the efficient electrochemical performance with a lower cell voltage of 1.80 V at a current density of 400 mA cm-2. In addition, an admirable long-term cell durability is also demonstrated by the cell for 24 h. This work encourages new designs and further development of electrode material for alkaline water electrolysis on a commercial scale.

Graphene-like sheets supported Fe-Co layered double hydroxides nanoflakes as an efficient electrocatalyst for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction, A green investigation

Herein, a nanohybrid material containing graphene-like sheets (GS) and Fe-Co layered double hydroxides nanoflakes (LDHs) was synthesized via simple two-step processes and named Fe-Co LDHs/GS. The Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid was characterized by various techniques. Fe-Co LDHs nanoflakes were grown on GS in Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid. The electrochemical surface area of Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid was obtained 0.05 cm² based on the Randles-Sevcik equation. The Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid was applied as an electrocatalyst of HER and OER in a 1.0 M KOH. The electrochemical performance of Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid was surveyed by several electrochemical methods, and long-term electrochemical stability. The onset potential, overpotential at 10 mA cm^-1 current density, and Tafel slope for the Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid were obtained -0.33 V, -0.43 V (_vs. RHE), and 122 mV dec^-1, respectively. The Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid has long-term stability over 35 h in alkaline media toward HER. Furthermore, the onset potential, overpotential at 10 mA/cm, and Tafel slope for the Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid were obtained as 1.52 V, 1.60 V (vs. RHE), and 44 mV dec^-1, respectively. The Fe-Co LDHs/GS nanohybrid has long-term durability over 10 h in alkaline media toward OER.

Senotherapeutics in Cancer and HIV

Cellular senescence is a stress-response mechanism that contributes to homeostasis maintenance, playing a beneficial role during embryogenesis and in normal adult organisms. In contrast, chronic senescence activation may be responsible for other events such as age-related disorders, HIV and cancer development. Cellular senescence activation can be triggered by different insults. Regardless of the inducer, there are several phenotypes generally shared among senescent cells: cell division arrest, an aberrant shape, increased size, high granularity because of increased numbers of lysosomes and vacuoles, apoptosis resistance, defective metabolism and some chromatin alterations. Senescent cells constitute an important area for research due to their contributions to the pathogenesis of different diseases such as frailty, sarcopenia and aging-related diseases, including cancer and HIV infection, which show an accelerated aging. Hence, a new pharmacological category of treatments called senotherapeutics is under development. This group includes senolytic drugs that selectively attack senescent cells and senostatic drugs that suppress SASP factor delivery, inhibiting senescent cell development. These new drugs can have positive therapeutic effects on aging-related disorders and act in cancer as antitumor drugs, avoiding the undesired effects of senescent cells such as those from SASP. Here, we review senotherapeutics and how they might affect cancer and HIV disease, two very different aging-related diseases, and review some compounds acting as senolytics in clinical trials.

In situ fabrication of dynamic self-optimizing Ni3S2 nanosheets as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction

Ni₃S₂ nanosheets exhibit enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance by self-optimizing their surface composition.