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Chu C, Wu P, Chen J, Tsou N, Lin Y, Lo Y, Li S, Chang C, Chen B, Tsai C, Chen Y, Liu T, Chen S. Flexible Optogenetic Transducer Device for Remote Neuron Modulation Using Highly Upconversion-Efficient Dendrite-Like Gold Inverse Opaline Structure. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101310. [PMID: 34971080 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A remote optogenetic device for analyzing freely moving animals has attracted extensive attention in optogenetic engineering. In particular, for peripheral nerve regions, a flexible device is needed to endure the continuous bending movements of these areas. Here, a remote optogenetic optical transducer device made from a gold inverse opaline skeleton grown with a dendrite-like gold nanostructure (D-GIOF) and chemically grafted with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is developed. This implantable D-GIOF-based transducer device can achieve synergistic interaction of the photonic crystal effect and localized surface plasmon resonance, resulting in considerable UCNP conversion efficiency with a negligible thermal effect under low-intensity 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light excitation. Furthermore, the D-GIOF-based transducer device exhibits remarkable emission power retention (≈100%) under different bending states, indicating its potential for realizing peripheral nerve stimulation. Finally, the D-GIOF-based transducer device successfully stimulates neuronal activities of the sciatic nerve in mice. This study demonstrates the potential of the implantable device to promote remote NIR stimulation for modulation of neural activity in peripheral nerve regions and provides proof of concept for its in vivo application in optogenetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Yi Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pu‐Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jung‐Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
- Catholic Mercy Hospital Catholic Mercy Medical Foundation Hsinchu 303 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nien‐Ti Tsou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
| | - You‐Yi Lin
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu‐Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University No. 250 Wu‐Xing St. Taipei 110 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ssu‐Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St. Taipei 112 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching‐Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St. Taipei 112 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo‐Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St. Taipei 112 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia‐Lin Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
| | - You‐Yin Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University No. 250 Wu‐Xing St. Taipei 110 Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No.155, Sec. 2, Linong St. Taipei 112 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta‐Chung Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University 450 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - San‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan, ROC
- School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan, ROC
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Lei PH, Yang PC, Huang PC. Investigation of Photonic-Crystal-Structured p-GaN Nanorods Fabricated by Polystyrene Nanosphere Lithography Method to Improve the Light Extraction Efficiency of InGaN/GaN Green Light-Emitting Diodes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092200. [PMID: 33922982 PMCID: PMC8123327 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We fabricated the photonic-crystal-structured p-GaN (PC-structured p-GaN) nanorods using the modified polystyrene nanosphere (PS NS) lithography method for InGaN/GaN green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to enhance the light extraction efficiency (LEE). A modified PS NS lithography method including two-times spin-coating processes and the post-spin-coating heating treatment was used to obtain a self-assembly close-packed PS NS array of monolayer as a mask and then a partially dry etching process was applied to PS NS, SiO2, and p-GaN to form PC-structured p-GaN nanorods on the InGaN/GaN green LEDs. The light output intensity and LEE of InGaN/GaN green LEDs with the PC-structured p-GaN nanorods depend on the period, diameter, and height of PC-structured p-GaN nanorods. RSoft FullWAVE software based on the three-dimension finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm was used to calculate the LEE of InGaN/GaN green LEDs with PC-structured p-GaN nanorods of the varied period, diameter, and height. The optimal period, diameter, and height of PC-structured p-GaN nanorods are 150, 350, and 110 nm. The InGaN/GaN green LEDs with optimal PC-structured p-GaN nanorods exhibit an enhancement of 41% of emission intensity under the driving current of 20 mA as compared to conventional LED.
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Chen TH, Huang SY, Huang SY, Lin JD, Huang BY, Kuo CT. Improvement of the Centrifugal Force in Gravity Driven Method for the Fabrication of Highly Ordered and Submillimeter-Thick Colloidal Crystal. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050692. [PMID: 33669140 PMCID: PMC7956211 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a modified gravity method by introducing centrifugal force to promote the stacking of silica particles and the order of formed colloidal crystals. In this method, a monodispersed silica colloidal solution is filled into empty cells and placed onto rotation arms that are designed to apply an external centrifugal force to the filled silica solution. When sample fabrication is in progress, silica particles are forced toward the edges of the cells. The number of defects in the colloidal crystal decreases and the structural order increases during this process. The highest reflectivity and structural order of a sample was obtained when the external centrifugal force was 18 G. Compared to the samples prepared using the conventional stacking method, samples fabricated with centrifugal force possess higher reflectivity and structural order. The reflectivity increases from 68% to 90%, with an increase in centrifugal force from 0 to 18 G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hui Chen
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Shuan-Yu Huang
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Syuan-Yi Huang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Jia-De Lin
- Department of Opto-Electronic, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan;
| | - Bing-Yau Huang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.-Y.H.); (C.-T.K.)
| | - Chie-Tong Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.-Y.H.); (C.-T.K.)
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Chung WA, Wu CJ, Hung PS, Chou SC, Guo WQ, Wu PW. Templated fabrication of three-dimensional ordered macroporous Cu2O/Ni structure for glucose sensing. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Huang BH, Li SY, Chiang TT, Wu PW. Leveraging the water electrolysis reaction in bipolar electrophoresis to form robust and defectless chitosan films. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116912. [PMID: 33049832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoresis of chitosan and its composites are widely used to form a coating on selective substrates, but the parasitic water electrolysis causes structural defects that weaken the resulting film. In this work, we demonstrate a bipolar electrophoresis technique that leverages the water electrolysis to produce a chitosan film with less porosity and surface cavities. The process involves a negative bias to deposit the protonated chitosan molecules from the solution, followed by a positive bias to remove the entrapped hydrogen bubbles via the re-protonation of chitosan deposit. Since water electrolysis occurs for both positive and negative bias, the bipolar profile is designed to engender pH changeup near the electrode for "surface conditioning" of chitosan film. The bipolar electrophoresis route demonstrates better coulomb efficiency than that of conventional potentiostatic electrophoresis, resulting in a free-standing chitosan film with sufficient mechanical strength and large area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Yuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tze-Ting Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pu-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC.
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Formation of Free-Standing Inverse Opals with Gradient Pores. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101923. [PMID: 32993122 PMCID: PMC7600223 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of free-standing inverse opals with gradient pores via a combination of electrophoresis and electroplating techniques. Our processing scheme starts with the preparation of multilayer colloidal crystals by conducting sequential electrophoresis with polystyrene (PS) microspheres in different sizes (300, 600, and 1000 nm). The critical factors affecting the stacking of individual colloidal crystals are discussed and relevant electrophoresis parameters are identified so the larger PS microspheres are assembled successively atop of smaller ones in an orderly manner. In total, we construct multilayer colloidal crystals with vertical stacking of microspheres in 300/600, 300/1000, and 300/600/1000 nm sequences. The inverse opals with gradient pores are produced by galvanostatic plating of Ni, followed by the selective removal of colloidal template. Images from scanning electron microscopy exhibit ideal multilayer close-packed structures with well-defined boundaries among different layers. Results from porometer analysis reveal the size of bottlenecks consistent with those of interconnected pore channels from inverse opals of smallest PS microspheres. Mechanical properties determined by nanoindentation tests indicate significant improvements for multilayer inverse opals as compared to those of conventional single-layer inverse opals.
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Hung PS, Wang GR, Chung WA, Chiang TT, Wu PW. Green Synthesis of Ni@PEDOT and Ni@PEDOT/Au (Core@Shell) Inverse Opals for Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1722. [PMID: 32878039 PMCID: PMC7558593 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a water-based synthetic route to fabricate composite inverse opals for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). Our process involves the conformal deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and PEDOT/Au on the skeletons of Ni inverse opals via cyclic voltammetric scans (CV) to initiate the electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers. The resulting samples, Ni@PEDOT, and Ni@PEDOT/Au inverse opals, exhibit a three-dimensional ordered macroporous platform with a large surface area and interconnected pore channels, desirable attributes for facile mass transfer and strong reaction for analytes. Structural characterization and material/chemical analysis including scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are carried out. The sensing performances of Ni@PEDOT and Ni@PEDOT/Au inverse opals are explored by conducting CV scans with various concentrations of AA, DA, and UA. By leveraging the structural advantages of inverse opals and the selection of PEDOT/Au composite, the Ni@PEDOT/Au inverse opals reveal improved sensing performances over those of conventional PEDOT-based nanostructured sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pu-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (P.-S.H.); (G.-R.W.); (W.-A.C.); (T.-T.C.)
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Synthesis of High-Performance Photonic Crystal Film for SERS Applications via Drop-Coating Method. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanospheres with a well-controlled particle size were prepared via a nucleation-to-growth synthesis process. A facile method is proposed for improving the self-assembly behavior of silica colloidal particles in droplet coatings by the simple controlling of the drying temperature. It is shown that a periodically arranged, opal-structured, photonic crystal film with a large area of approximately 4.0 cm2 can be prepared, even when the particle size is up to 840 nm. When the band gap of the silica photonic crystals falls in the visible-light region, the crystals exhibit distinct structural colors. Moreover, the wavelength of the reflected light increases with an increasing particle size of silica. When the photonic band gap overlaps the wavelength of the laser source, the overall Raman spectrum intensity is significantly enhanced. Accordingly, the proposed nucleation-to-growth process and drop-coating method provides a cheap and simple approach for the manufacture of uniform sized silica and surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates, respectively.
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Hung PS, Chung WA, Chou SC, Tso KC, Chang CK, Wang GR, Guo WQ, Weng SC, Wu PW. Composite NiCoO 2/NiCo 2O 4 inverse opals for the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline electrolyte. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The inverse opals exhibit a 3D ordered macroporous framework, which provides an excessive surface area and facile mass transport. A conformal NiCoOx functional coating further renders these materials with increased reactivity in OER catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Sung Hung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- ROC
| | - Wei-An Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- ROC
| | - Shih-Cheng Chou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- ROC
| | - Kuang-Chih Tso
- Graduate Program for Science and Technology of Accelerator Light Source
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- ROC
| | - Chung-Kai Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- ROC
| | - Guang-Ren Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- ROC
| | - Wei-Qing Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- ROC
| | | | - Pu-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- ROC
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