¿Quién es el receptor de intervenciones sociosanitarias y cuáles son sus necesidades?

Intellectual disability in children and teenagers: Influence on family and family health. Systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To examine the influence of a child or adolescent with intellectual disabilities on the family unit.

METHOD

A systematic review of the literature, following the recommendations of the PRISMA statement, was carried out on the PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Psicodoc databases. Original articles were found, published in the last 5 years, in Spanish, English, Portuguese, Italian or French, with summary and full text and satisfactory or good methodological quality. Two independent researchers agreed on their decisions.

RESULTS

In general, care is provided in the family, mothers assume the greater responsibility, and their wellbeing is lower than that of fathers. Having the support of the husband improves their quality of life. The fraternal subsystem can be affected, with regard to the warmth and the status/power of the relationship, and behavioural problems. Family health may be affected in all its dimensions: family functioning and atmosphere due to increased demands and changes in the organisation and distribution of roles; family resilience and family coping, due to rising costs and dwindling resources; family integrity could be strengthened by strengthened family ties. Quality of family life is enhanced by emotional support.

CONCLUSIONS

These families may need individualised attention due to the increased demand for care, diminishing resources or other family health problems. Nurses using a family-centred care approach can identify these families and help them to normalise their situation by promoting their family health and the well-being of its members.

Calidad de vida de los cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica

El alto impacto epidemiológico, social, económico y cultural de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles afecta el significado de calidad de vida en las personas que las padecen y en sus cuidadores familiares. Objetivo: describir la forma como se construye el significado de calidad de vida de cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica. Método: investigación desarrollada con la propuesta de metasíntesis cualitativa de Sandelowski y Barroso. Resultados: se presentan tres momentos en la trayectoria: 1) se afecta (destrucción celular programada); 2) se trasforma (autocontrol del desarrollo y crecimiento), y 3) se resignifica (condensación); y cuatro factores condicionantes para la construcción del significado de calidad de vida para el cuidador como son el soporte social, la espiritualidad, la habilidad para cuidar y el tiempo. Conclusiones: la calidad de vida se afecta y se reconstruye en virtud del significado que el cuidador tenga de esta.