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Shi X, Xue Y, Tu Y, Chen C, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Cai Z. Covalent organic framework-based solid phase microextraction coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the quantitative assessment of abnormal bile acids by triclosan exposure in mice. Talanta 2025; 285:127398. [PMID: 39700720 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids, a representative diagnostic indicator of liver function, are used to visualize the extent of liver injury. Numerous studies have shown that triclosan (TCS) exposure leads to abnormal bile acid metabolism. As a result, there is a requirement to develop a fast and smart means to quantitatively monitor abnormal bile acids from exposure to triclosan in bio-sample. In this work, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probes of sea urchin-like covalent organic frameworks (COF) were in situ synthesized on steel needles by using 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) and 2,5-dimethoxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde (DMTP) as two organic units and employed for extraction of bile acids. This TAPB-DMTP-COF-SPME possessed an excellent specified surface area (3351 m2 g-1) and a high regular porosity (∼3.6 nm), which was an ideal adsorbent to concentrate bile acids efficiently. The created probe, together with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), proved to be a fast and specific assay for the detection of bile acids in bio-samples. The proposed method had a low limitation of detection (0.03 μg L-1), good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9931), wide linear range (0.10-1000.00 μg L-1) and excellent enrichment factor (63.60-252.00). Based on these excellent properties, it was successful application for the analyzing of bile acids in mice liver and feces, demonstrating the great potential of TAPB-DMTP-COF-SPME-ESI/MS in bile acids detection and liver injury diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yuandi Xue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yuxin Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Canrong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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