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Mi Y, Tan Y, Yu Y, An D, Mo R, Shi S, Li M. Relationship between smoking status and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis based on a case-control study. Sci Rep 2025; 15:13329. [PMID: 40246988 PMCID: PMC12006287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-97617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Prior research has revealed an association between smoking, reduced ulcerative colitis (UC) risk, and improved disease severity among individuals with existing UC. Herein, we analysed the interaction between smoking habits and UC and its potential complexity, focusing on associations between smoking, incidence of UC, and therapeutic outcomes, via a meta-analysis of data from case-control studies. The PubMed, China Knowledge, WanFang, Web of Science, China Science and Technology Journal, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched, yielding nine case-control studies investigating the association between smoking and UC progression for inclusion. Compared to non-smoking or smoking cessation, smoking had a protective effect against UC, indicating that it may reduce the risk of developing UC; specifically, smoking was associated with a significant protective effect against UC compared to smoking cessation (pooled odds ratio (OR): 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21-0.32; P = 0.067, I2 = 45.2%). Non-smoking was also protective compared with smoking cessation (pooled OR: 1.84, 95% CI 1.13-3.30; P = 0.935, I2 = 0%). Further, smoking was significantly more protective than non-smoking (pooled OR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.40-0.56; P = 0.002, I2 = 66.4%). These results indicate that smoking offers some protection against UC onset and may reduce disease severity in patients with existing UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mi
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Dawei An
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Rigen Mo
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China.
- Department of Proctology, Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China.
| | - Shenghua Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010020, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.
- Central Laboratory of Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China.
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Asri AK, Liu T, Tsai HJ, Wang JY, Wu CD. Environmental exposures related to gut microbiota among children with asthma: a pioneer study in Taiwan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 291:117793. [PMID: 39892323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and can be influenced by environmental factors. While past studies have examined the impact of the environment on gut microbiota, vulnerable populations have often been overlooked. This study aimed to investigate the association between environmental exposures, air pollution and greenspace, and gut microbiota in asthmatic children. Data were collected during the recovery period for 41 eligible children. Air pollution was estimated using an ensemble learning model that combined regression and machine-learning algorithms, while greenspace was quantified using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and green land-cover data. The lag effects of exposures were assessed within defined buffer zones surrounding each child's residence. A generalized additive model was applied to examine associations. Results revealed a marginally significant negative association between 1-day lag exposure to NO₂ and gut microbiota indices, such as observed bacteria (Coef.: -1.130; 95 %CI -2.287, 0.027) and bacterial richness (Coef.: -2.420; 95 %CI -4.987, 0.146). The 8-day lagged average exposure to PM2.5 and O₃ also showed negative impacts on bacterial diversity. In contrast, the 1-month lagged average exposure to greenspace was positively associated with microbiota indices. Air pollution and greenspace were also linked to specific bacterial abundances, such as Streptococcus. This study underscores the need for further research on how environmental factors may influence immunity in asthmatic children by altering gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aji Kusumaning Asri
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tsunglin Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC; Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.) Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Bianco I, Ferrara C, Romano F, Loperfido F, Sottotetti F, El Masri D, Vincenti A, Cena H, De Giuseppe R. The Influence of Maternal Lifestyle Factors on Human Breast Milk Microbial Composition: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2423. [PMID: 39594990 PMCID: PMC11592219 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (HBM) is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition due to its optimal nutrient profile and complex composition of cellular and non-cellular components. Breastfeeding positively influences the newborn's gut microbiota and health, reducing the risk of conditions like gastrointestinal infections and chronic diseases (e.g., allergies, asthma, diabetes, and obesity). Research has revealed that HBM contains beneficial microbes that aid gut microbiota maturation through mechanisms like antimicrobial production and pathogen exclusion. The HBM microbiota composition can be affected by several factors, including gestational age, delivery mode, medical treatments, lactation stage, as well as maternal lifestyle habits (e.g., diet, physical activity, sleep quality, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress level). Particularly, lifestyle factors can play a significant role in shaping the HBM microbiota by directly modulating the microbial composition or influencing the maternal gut microbiota and influencing the HBM microbes through the enteromammary pathway. This narrative review of current findings summarized how maternal lifestyle influences HBM microbiota. While the influence of maternal diet on HBM microbiota is well-documented, indicating that dietary patterns, especially those rich in plant-based proteins and complex carbohydrates, can positively influence HBM microbiota, the impact of other lifestyle factors is poorly investigated. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and breastfeeding is crucial for the health of both mother and baby. Understanding how maternal lifestyle factors influence microbial colonization of HBM, along with their interactions and impact, is key to developing new strategies that support the beneficial maturation of the infant's gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bianco
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Chiara Ferrara
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Francesca Romano
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Federica Loperfido
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Francesca Sottotetti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Dana El Masri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Alessandra Vincenti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, General Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.B.); (C.F.); (F.R.); (F.L.); (D.E.M.); (A.V.); (H.C.); (R.D.G.)
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