1
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Cheung RKY, Qi L, Manousakas MI, Puthussery JV, Zheng Y, Koenig TK, Cui T, Wang T, Ge Y, Wei G, Kuang Y, Sheng M, Cheng Z, Li A, Li Z, Ran W, Xu W, Zhang R, Han Y, Wang Q, Wang Z, Sun Y, Cao J, Slowik JG, Dällenbach KR, Verma V, Gysel-Beer M, Qiu X, Chen Q, Shang J, El-Haddad I, Prévôt ASH, Modini RL. Major source categories of PM 2.5 oxidative potential in wintertime Beijing and surroundings based on online dithiothreitol-based field measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172345. [PMID: 38621537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) causes millions of premature deaths each year worldwide. Oxidative potential (OP) has been proposed as a better metric for aerosol health effects than PM2.5 mass concentration alone. In this study, we report for the first time online measurements of PM2.5 OP in wintertime Beijing and surroundings based on a dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. These measurements were combined with co-located PM chemical composition measurements to identify the main source categories of aerosol OP. In addition, we highlight the influence of two distinct pollution events on aerosol OP (spring festival celebrations including fireworks and a severe regional dust storm). Source apportionment coupled with multilinear regression revealed that primary PM and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) were both important sources of OP, accounting for 41 ± 12 % and 39 ± 10 % of the OPvDTT (OP normalized by the sampled air volume), respectively. The small remainder was attributed to fireworks and dust, mainly resulting from the two distinct pollution events. During the 3.5-day spring festival period, OPvDTT spiked to 4.9 nmol min-1 m-3 with slightly more contribution from OOA (42 ± 11 %) and less from primary PM (31 ± 15 %). During the dust storm, hourly-averaged PM2.5 peaked at a very high value of 548 μg m-3 due to the dominant presence of dust-laden particles (88 % of total PM2.5). In contrast, only mildly elevated OPvDTT values (up to 1.5 nmol min-1 m-3) were observed during this dust event. This observation indicates that variations in OPvDTT cannot be fully explained using PM2.5 alone; one must also consider the chemical composition of PM2.5 when studying aerosol health effects. Our study highlights the need for continued pollution control strategies to reduce primary PM emissions, and more in-depth investigations into the source origins of OOA, to minimize the health risks associated with PM exposure in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico K Y Cheung
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lu Qi
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Manousos I Manousakas
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Joseph V Puthussery
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; now at: Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, United States
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Theodore K Koenig
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengshuang Sheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ailin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weikang Ran
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuemei Han
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar R Dällenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Martin Gysel-Beer
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Imad El-Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Robin L Modini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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2
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Horník Š, Pokorná P, Vodička P, Lhotka R, Sýkora J, Arora S, Poulain L, Herrmann H, Schwarz J, Ždímal V. Positive matrix factorization of seasonally resolved organic aerosol at three different central European background sites based on nuclear magnetic resonance Aerosolomics data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170303. [PMID: 38272092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Concentration data derived from 1H NMR analysis of the water-soluble organic compounds from fine aerosol (PM2.5) at three Central European background stations, Košetice, Frýdlant (both in the Czech Republic), and Melpitz (Germany), were used for detailed source apportionment analysis. Two winter and two summer episodes (year 2021) with higher organic concentrations and similar wind directions were selected for NMR analyses. The concentration profiles of 61 water-soluble organic compounds were determined by NMR Aerosolomics and a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on this dataset. Based on the PCA results, 23 compounds were selected for positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis in order to identify dominant aerosol sources at rural background sites in Central Europe. Both the PCA and the subsequent PMF analyses clearly distinguished the characteristics of winter and summer aerosol particles. In summer, four factors were identified from PMF and were associated with biogenic aerosol (61-78 %), background aerosol (9-15 %), industrial biomass combustion (7-13 %), and residential heating (5-13 %). In winter, only 3 factors were identified - industrial biomass combustion (33-49 %), residential heating (37-45 %) and a background aerosol (8-30 %). The main difference was observed in the winter season with a stronger contribution of emissions from industrial biomass burning at the Czech stations Košetice and Frýdlant (47-49 %) compared to the Melpitz station (33 %). However, in general, there were negligible differences in identified sources between stations in the given seasons, indicating a certain homogeneity in PM2.5 composition within Central Europe at least during the sampling periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Horník
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Pokorná
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodička
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Lhotka
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Shubhi Arora
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Ždímal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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3
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Liu X, Lara R, Dufresne M, Wu L, Zhang X, Wang T, Monge M, Reche C, Di Leo A, Lanzani G, Colombi C, Font A, Sheehan A, Green DC, Makkonen U, Sauvage S, Salameh T, Petit JE, Chatain M, Coe H, Hou S, Harrison R, Hopke PK, Petäjä T, Alastuey A, Querol X. Variability of ambient air ammonia in urban Europe (Finland, France, Italy, Spain, and the UK). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108519. [PMID: 38428189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This study addressed the scarcity of NH3 measurements in urban Europe and the diverse monitoring protocols, hindering direct data comparison. Sixty-nine datasets from Finland, France, Italy, Spain, and the UK across various site types, including industrial (IND, 8), traffic (TR, 12), urban (UB, 22), suburban (SUB, 12), and regional background (RB, 15), are analyzed to this study. Among these, 26 sites provided 5, or more, years of data for time series analysis. Despite varied protocols, necessitating future harmonization, the average NH3 concentration across sites reached 8.0 ± 8.9 μg/m3. Excluding farming/agricultural hotspots (FAHs), IND and TR sites had the highest concentrations (4.7 ± 3.2 and 4.5 ± 1.0 μg/m3), followed by UB, SUB, and RB sites (3.3 ± 1.5, 2.7 ± 1.3, and 1.0 ± 0.3 μg/m3, respectively) indicating that industrial, traffic, and other urban sources were primary contributors to NH3 outside FAH regions. When referring exclusively to the FAHs, concentrations ranged from 10.0 ± 2.3 to 15.6 ± 17.2 μg/m3, with the highest concentrations being reached in RB sites close to the farming and agricultural sources, and that, on average for FAHs there is a decreasing NH3 concentration gradient towards the city. Time trends showed that over half of the sites (18/26) observed statistically significant trends. Approximately 50 % of UB and TR sites showed a decreasing trend, while 30 % an increasing one. Meta-analysis revealed a small insignificant decreasing trend for non-FAH RB sites. In FAHs, there was a significant upward trend at a rate of 3.51[0.45,6.57]%/yr. Seasonal patterns of NH3 concentrations varied, with urban areas experiencing fluctuations influenced by surrounding emissions, particularly in FAHs. Diel variation showed differing patterns at urban monitoring sites, all with higher daytime concentrations, but with variations in peak times depending on major emission sources and meteorological patterns. These results offer valuable insights into the spatio-temporal patterns of gas-phase NH3 concentrations in urban Europe, contributing to future efforts in benchmarking NH3 pollution control in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Liu
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Rosa Lara
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Marvin Dufresne
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Lijie Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Marta Monge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Anna Di Leo
- ARPA Lombardia, via Rosellini 17, Milano 20124, Italy
| | - Guido Lanzani
- ARPA Lombardia, via Rosellini 17, Milano 20124, Italy
| | | | - Anna Font
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Annalisa Sheehan
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ulla Makkonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Stéphane Sauvage
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Thérèse Salameh
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Hugh Coe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK; National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
| | - Siqi Hou
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roy Harrison
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
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4
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Noblet C, Lestremau F, Collet S, Chatellier C, Beaumont J, Besombes JL, Albinet A. Aerosolomics based approach to discover source molecular markers: A case study for discriminating residential wood heating vs garden green waste burning emission sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141242. [PMID: 38280648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomass burning is a significant source of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air and its accurate source apportionment is a major concern for air quality. The discrimination between residential wood heating (RWH) and garden green waste burning (GWB) particulate matter (PM) is rarely achieved. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of non-targeted screening (NTS) analyses using HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry) data to reveal discriminating potential molecular markers of both sources. Two residential wood combustion appliances (wood log stove and fireplace) were tested under different output conditions and wood moisture content. GWB experiments were carried out using two burning materials (fallen leaves and hedge trimming). PM samples were characterized using NTS approaches with both LC- and GC-HRMS (liquid and gas chromatography-HRMS). The analytical procedures were optimized to detect as many species as possible. Chemical fingerprints obtained were compared combining several multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, HCA and PLS-DA). Results showed a strong impact of the fuel nature and the combustion quality on the chemical fingerprints. 31 and 4 possible markers were discovered as characteristic of GWB and RWH, respectively. Complementary work was attempted to identify potential molecular formulas of the different potential marker candidates. The combination of HRMS NTS chemical characterization with multivariate statistical analyses shows promise for uncovering organic aerosol fingerprinting and discovering potential PM source markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Noblet
- Institut National de l'Environnement industriel et des RISques (Ineris), 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France; Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, Chambéry, 73000, France
| | - François Lestremau
- Institut National de l'Environnement industriel et des RISques (Ineris), 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France; Hydrosciences Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Alès, IRD, CNRS, 30100, Alès, France.
| | - Serge Collet
- Institut National de l'Environnement industriel et des RISques (Ineris), 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Claudine Chatellier
- Institut National de l'Environnement industriel et des RISques (Ineris), 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Jérôme Beaumont
- Institut National de l'Environnement industriel et des RISques (Ineris), 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | | | - Alexandre Albinet
- Institut National de l'Environnement industriel et des RISques (Ineris), 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
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5
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Stavroulas I, Bougiatioti A, Grivas G, Liakakou E, Petrinoli K, Kourtidis K, Gerasopoulos E, Mihalopoulos N. Cooking as an organic aerosol source leading to urban air quality degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168031. [PMID: 37890627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Air quality degradation events in the urban environment are often attributed to anthropogenic aerosol sources related to combustion of liquid or solid fuels in various activities. The effects of massive cooking emissions during Greek nationwide traditional festivities were investigated by a combined characterization of particulate matter (PM) levels and organic aerosol (OA) sources. Focus was centered on periods around two major festivities, namely "Fat Thursday" and Easter Sunday along six different years. OA sources were apportioned through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) mass spectra, while the spatial characteristics of the episodes were assessed through a low-cost, sensor-based PM2.5 monitoring network operating in Athens and other Greek cities. Contrasts were examined by considering a 15-day period around each event, while the effect of the 2020-2021 mobility restrictions, related to COVID-19, was also assessed. An episode-specific cooking organic aerosol (COA) spectral profile was delineated, and can be considered as a reference for ambient COA from meat grilling. Severe pollution episodes that affected the entire Athens basin were recorded, with PM2.5 concentrations exceeding 300 μg m-3 on occasions. COA contributions dominated primary organic aerosol (POA) and made up almost half of OA concentrations. During "Fat Thursday" COA concentrations and contributions peaked during night-time (23.2 μg m-3 and 46 %, respectively) while for Easter Sunday COA maxima were recorded in the early afternoon (27.4 μg m-3 and 39 %). Analyzing a full-year OA source dataset, revealed a pronounced recreational cooking pattern in central Athens, with COA concentrations rising towards the weekend, reflecting the impact of the food service sector. In view of the upcoming review of the EU air quality directive, foreseeing stricter annual PM2.5 limits as well as 24-h limit values and related alerts, the mitigation of cooking emissions appears as a potent instrument for achieving tangible air quality benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stavroulas
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Palea Penteli, Greece; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - A Bougiatioti
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Palea Penteli, Greece.
| | - G Grivas
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Palea Penteli, Greece
| | - E Liakakou
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Palea Penteli, Greece
| | - K Petrinoli
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Palea Penteli, Greece
| | - K Kourtidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
| | - E Gerasopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Palea Penteli, Greece
| | - N Mihalopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Palea Penteli, Greece; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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6
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Navarro-Barboza H, Pandolfi M, Guevara M, Enciso S, Tena C, Via M, Yus-Díez J, Reche C, Pérez N, Alastuey A, Querol X, Jorba O. Uncertainties in source allocation of carbonaceous aerosols in a Mediterranean region. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108252. [PMID: 38157608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the atmospheric processes involving carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) is crucial for assessing air pollution impacts on human health and climate. The sources and formation mechanisms of CAs are not well understood, making it challenging to quantify impacts in models. Studies suggest residential wood combustion (RWC) and traffic significantly contribute to CAs in Europe's urban and rural areas. Here, we used an atmospheric chemistry model (MONARCH) and three different emission inventories (two versions of the European-scale emission inventory CAMS-REG_v4 and the HERMESv3 detailed national inventory for Spain) to assess the uncertainties in CAs simulation and source allocation (from traffic, RWC, shipping, fires and others) in Northeast Spain. For this, black carbon (BC) and organic aerosol (OA) measurements performed at three supersites representing different environments (urban, regional and remote) were used. Our findings show the importance of model resolution and detailed emission input data in accurately reproducing BC/OA observations. Even though emissions of total particulate matter are rather consistent between inventories in Spain, we found discrepancies between them mainly related to the spatiotemporal disaggregation (particularly relevant for traffic and RWC) and the treatment of the condensable fraction of CAs in RWC (changes in the speciation of elemental/organic carbon). The main source contribution to BC concentrations in the urban site is traffic, accounting for 71.1%/65.2% (January/July) in close agreement with the fossil contribution derived from observations (78.8%/84.2%), followed by RWC (12.8%/3%) and shipping emissions (5.4%/13.8%). An over-representation of RWC (winter) and shipping (summer) is obtained with CAMS-REG_v4. Noteworthy uncertainties arise in OA results due to condensables in emissions and a limited secondary aerosol production in the model. These findings offer insights into MONARCH's effectiveness in simulating CAs concentrations and source contribution in Northeast Spain. The study highlights the benefits of combining new datasets and modeling techniques to refine emission inventories and better understand and mitigate air pollution impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, c/Jordi-Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Marc Guevara
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça Eusebi Güell 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Santiago Enciso
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça Eusebi Güell 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Carles Tena
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça Eusebi Güell 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Marta Via
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, c/Jordi-Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Jesus Yus-Díez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, c/Jordi-Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, c/Jordi-Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Noemi Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, c/Jordi-Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, c/Jordi-Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, c/Jordi-Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Oriol Jorba
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Plaça Eusebi Güell 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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7
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Davulienė L, Janicka L, Minderytė A, Kalinauskaitė A, Poczta P, Karasewicz M, Hafiz A, Pashneva D, Dudoitis V, Kandrotaitė K, Valiulis D, Böckmann C, Schüttemeyer D, Stachlewska IS, Byčenkienė S. Synergic use of in-situ and remote sensing techniques for comprehensive characterization of aerosol optical and microphysical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167585. [PMID: 37797768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on importance of conducting comprehensive studies of atmospheric aerosol particles, which cannot be done if information from various complementary sensors is unavailable. We present an example for such application and recommend on the types of sensors that should be used in view of the ACTRIS and RI-URBANS new strategies for monitoring at supersites. Although active and passive remote sensing data was not available in continuous mode, we show that synergic use of them with in-situ observations allows for comprehensive study of temporal and height-resolved distribution of aerosol in the lower troposphere and it can be successfully combined to assess biomass burning impact on air quality and optical properties. The analysed period was divided into three episodes based on the measured black carbon (BC) concentration and the prevailing wind direction. The dominant 72-h backward trajectories were ending in western Europe, mid-Atlantic and western Russia, respectively, The in-situ measured mass concentrations of BCtotal and BC apportioned to biomass burning as well as particulate matter (PM) concentrations in accumulation mode were twice higher during the first and last episodes compared to the second episode, representing long-range transport from different source regions. The obtained complementary surface, column-integrated, and layer-derived size distributions and other parameters demonstrate the added value of multisensor analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Davulienė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Lucja Janicka
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnė Minderytė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Patryk Poczta
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland; Poznan University of Life Sciences (PULS), Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Afwan Hafiz
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daria Pashneva
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vadimas Dudoitis
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kamilė Kandrotaitė
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Darius Valiulis
- SRI Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Christine Böckmann
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Mathematics University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Dajnak D, Assareh N, Kitwiroon N, Beddows AV, Stewart GB, Hicks W, Beevers SD. Can the UK meet the World Health Organization PM 2.5 interim target of 10 μg m -3 by 2030? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108222. [PMID: 37948865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent United Kingdom (UK) Environment Act consultation had the intention of setting two targets for PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm), one related to meeting an annual average concentration and the second to reducing population exposure. As part of the consultation, predictions of PM2.5 concentrations in 2030 were made by combining European Union (EU) and UK government's emissions forecasts, with the Climate Change Committee's (CCC) Net Zero vehicle forecasts, and in London with the addition of local policies based on the London Environment Strategy (LES). Predictions in 2018 showed 6.4% of the UK's area and 82.6% of London's area had PM2.5 concentrations above the World Health Organization (WHO) interim target of 10 μg m-3, but by 2030, over 99% of the UK's area was predicted to be below it. However, kerbside concentrations in London and other major cities were still at risk of exceeding 10 μg m-3. With local action on PM2.5 in London, population weighted concentrations showed full compliance with the WHO interim target of 10 μg m-3 in 2030. However, predicting future PM2.5 concentrations and interpreting the results will always be difficult and uncertain for many reasons, such as imperfect models and the difficulty in estimating future emissions. To help understand the sensitivity of the model's PM2.5 predictions in 2030, current uncertainty was quantified using PM2.5 measurements and showed large areas in the UK that were still at risk of exceeding the WHO interim target despite the model predictions being below 10 μg m-3. Our results do however point to the benefits that policy at EU, UK and city level can have on achieving the WHO interim target of 10 μg m-3. These results were submitted to the UK Environment Act consultation. Nevertheless, the issues addressed here could be applicable to other European cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dajnak
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nosha Assareh
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Nutthida Kitwiroon
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V Beddows
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor B Stewart
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - William Hicks
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean D Beevers
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Biomedical Engineering Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
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9
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Chen P, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xue C, Hopke PK, Li X. Dynamic Changes of Composition of Particulate Matter Emissions during Residential Biomass Combustion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15193-15202. [PMID: 37747327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Residential biomass combustion in developing countries produces significant primary particulate matter (PM) emissions. Highly time-resolved aerosol mass spectrometry and aethalometer measurements were used to investigate the dynamic changes of emitted PM chemical composition from a typical improved stove burning with wood and crop straw in China. Combustion temperature and organic aerosol (OA) concentration increased quickly during the ignition stage. The flaming stage was characterized by high combustion temperature and high pollutant [including OA, black carbon (BC), inorganic salts, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)] emissions, while the burnout stage is characterized by low combustion temperature and lower pollutant emissions. OA was the primary emitted species; emission factors of OA in the flaming stage were generally higher (24.5-792%) than those in the burnout stage. Mass spectral signatures of OA were obtained. The ratio of Cl-/OA for wood combustion (0.05 ± 0.01) is much lower than that from burning crop straw (0.32 ± 0.19). Hydrocarbon OA emissions dominated during the ignition and flaming stages. A high percentage of oxidized OA was emitted during the burnout stage. The relationship between PAHs and BC/OA emissions under different burning conditions was investigated, and PAHs may act as intermediate products in the conversion of OA to BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youxuan Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunyu Xue
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Xinghua Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Liu F, Joo T, Ditto JC, Saavedra MG, Takeuchi M, Boris AJ, Yang Y, Weber RJ, Dillner AM, Gentner DR, Ng NL. Oxidized and Unsaturated: Key Organic Aerosol Traits Associated with Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Southeastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14150-14161. [PMID: 37699525 PMCID: PMC10538939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with millions of premature deaths annually. Oxidative stress through overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a possible mechanism for PM2.5-induced health effects. Organic aerosol (OA) is a dominant component of PM2.5 worldwide, yet its role in PM2.5 toxicity is poorly understood due to its chemical complexity. Here, through integrated cellular ROS measurements and detailed multi-instrument chemical characterization of PM in urban southeastern United States, we show that oxygenated OA (OOA), especially more-oxidized OOA, is the main OA type associated with cellular ROS production. We further reveal that highly unsaturated species containing carbon-oxygen double bonds and aromatic rings in OOA are major contributors to cellular ROS production. These results highlight the key chemical features of ambient OA driving its toxicity. As more-oxidized OOA is ubiquitous and abundant in the atmosphere, this emphasizes the need to understand its sources and chemical processing when formulating effective strategies to mitigate PM2.5 health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fobang Liu
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power
Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Taekyu Joo
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jenna C. Ditto
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Maria G. Saavedra
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- School of
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexandra J. Boris
- Air
Quality Research Center, University of California
Davis, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ann M. Dillner
- Air
Quality Research Center, University of California
Davis, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Drew R. Gentner
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Nga L. Ng
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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11
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Savadkoohi M, Pandolfi M, Reche C, Niemi JV, Mooibroek D, Titos G, Green DC, Tremper AH, Hueglin C, Liakakou E, Mihalopoulos N, Stavroulas I, Artiñano B, Coz E, Alados-Arboledas L, Beddows D, Riffault V, De Brito JF, Bastian S, Baudic A, Colombi C, Costabile F, Chazeau B, Marchand N, Gómez-Amo JL, Estellés V, Matos V, van der Gaag E, Gille G, Luoma K, Manninen HE, Norman M, Silvergren S, Petit JE, Putaud JP, Rattigan OV, Timonen H, Tuch T, Merkel M, Weinhold K, Vratolis S, Vasilescu J, Favez O, Harrison RM, Laj P, Wiedensohler A, Hopke PK, Petäjä T, Alastuey A, Querol X. The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108081. [PMID: 37451041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the variability of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations and their sources in urban Europe to provide insights into the use of eBC as an advanced air quality (AQ) parameter for AQ standards. This study compiled eBC mass concentration datasets covering the period between 2006 and 2022 from 50 measurement stations, including 23 urban background (UB), 18 traffic (TR), 7 suburban (SUB), and 2 regional background (RB) sites. The results highlighted the need for the harmonization of eBC measurements to allow for direct comparisons between eBC mass concentrations measured across urban Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB. Furthermore, a clear decreasing trend in eBC concentrations was observed in the UB sites moving from Southern to Northern Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, including marked differences in eBC mass concentration and variable contributions of pollution sources to bulk eBC between different cities. Seasonal patterns in eBC concentrations were also evident, with higher winter concentrations observed in a large proportion of cities, especially at UB and SUB sites. The contribution of eBC from fossil fuel combustion, mostly traffic (eBCT) was higher than that of residential and commercial sources (eBCRC) in all European sites studied. Nevertheless, eBCRC still had a substantial contribution to total eBC mass concentrations at a majority of the sites. eBC trend analysis revealed decreasing trends for eBCT over the last decade, while eBCRC remained relatively constant or even increased slightly in some cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Savadkoohi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering (EMIT), Manresa School of Engineering (EPSEM), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08242, Manresa, Spain.
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jarkko V Niemi
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dennis Mooibroek
- Centre for Environmental Monitoring, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | - Gloria Titos
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anja H Tremper
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Christoph Hueglin
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Liakakou
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iasonas Stavroulas
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Begoña Artiñano
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Coz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Alados-Arboledas
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Beddows
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille, France
| | - Joel F De Brito
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille, France
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology/Saxon State Department for Agricultural and Environmental Operations, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexia Baudic
- AIRPARIF (Ile de France Air Quality Monitoring network), Paris, France
| | - Cristina Colombi
- Arpa Lombardia, Settore Monitoraggi Ambientali, Unità Operativa Qualità dell'Aria, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Costabile
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Chazeau
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - José Luis Gómez-Amo
- Solar Radiation Group. Dept. Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Víctor Estellés
- Solar Radiation Group. Dept. Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Violeta Matos
- Solar Radiation Group. Dept. Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ed van der Gaag
- DCMR Environmental Protection Agency, Department Air and Energy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grégory Gille
- AtmoSud, Regional Network for Air Quality Monitoring of Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Krista Luoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Norman
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analysis, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Silvergren
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analysis, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Oliver V Rattigan
- Division of Air Resources, New York State Dept of Environmental Conservation, NY, USA
| | - Hilkka Timonen
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Tuch
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maik Merkel
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kay Weinhold
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stergios Vratolis
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jeni Vasilescu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, Magurele, Romania
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paolo Laj
- Univ. Grenoble, CNRS, IRD, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Chebaicheb H, de Brito JF, Chen G, Tison E, Marchand C, Prévôt ASH, Favez O, Riffault V. Investigation of four-year chemical composition and organic aerosol sources of submicron particles at the ATOLL site in northern France. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121805. [PMID: 37172769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first long-term online measurements of submicron (PM1) particles at the ATOLL (ATmospheric Observations in liLLe) platform, in northern France. The ongoing measurements using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) started at the end of 2016 and the analysis presented here spans through December 2020. At this site, the mean PM1 concentration is 10.6 μg m-3, dominated by organic aerosols (OA, 42.3%) and followed by nitrate (28.9%), ammonium (12.3%), sulfate (8.6%), and black carbon (BC, 8.0%). Large seasonal variations of PM1 concentrations are observed, with high concentrations during cold seasons, associated with pollution episodes (e.g. over 100 μg m-3 in January 2017). To study OA origins over this multiannual dataset we performed source apportionment analysis using rolling positive matrix factorization (PMF), yielding two primary OA factors, a traffic-related hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and biomass-burning OA (BBOA), and two oxygenated OA (OOA) factors. HOA showed a homogeneous contribution to OA throughout the seasons (11.8%), while BBOA varied from 8.1% (summer) to 18.5% (winter), the latter associated with residential wood combustion. The OOA factors were distinguished between their less and more oxidized fractions (LO-OOA and MO-OOA, on average contributing 32% and 42%, respectively). During winter, LO-OOA is identified as aged biomass burning, so at least half of OA is associated with wood combustion during this season. Furthermore, ammonium nitrate is also a predominant aerosol component during cold-weather pollution episodes - associated with fertilizer usage and traffic emissions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of submicron aerosol sources at the recently established ATOLL site in northern France from multiannual observations, depicting a complex interaction between anthropogenic and natural sources, leading to different mechanisms of air quality degradation in the region across different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Chebaicheb
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000, Lille, France; Institut National de L'environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de La Qualité de L'Air (LCSQA), F-60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Joel F de Brito
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Gang Chen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, W120BZ, UK
| | - Emmanuel Tison
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Marchand
- Institut National de L'environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de La Qualité de L'Air (LCSQA), F-60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut National de L'environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de La Qualité de L'Air (LCSQA), F-60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000, Lille, France; Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de La Qualité de L'Air (LCSQA), F-60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
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13
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Chen G, Canonaco F, Slowik JG, Daellenbach KR, Tobler A, Petit JE, Favez O, Stavroulas I, Mihalopoulos N, Gerasopoulos E, El Haddad I, Baltensperger U, Prévôt ASH. Real-Time Source Apportionment of Organic Aerosols in Three European Cities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15290-15297. [PMID: 36318938 PMCID: PMC9670841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
97% of the urban population in the EU in 2019 were exposed to an annual fine particulate matter level higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (5 μg/m3). Organic aerosol (OA) is one of the major air pollutants, and the knowledge of its sources is crucial for designing cost-effective mitigation strategies. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) on aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) or aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) data is the most common method for source apportionment (SA) analysis on ambient OA. However, conventional PMF requires extensive human labor, preventing the implementation of SA for routine monitoring applications. This study proposes the source finder real-time (SoFi RT, Datalystica Ltd.) approach for efficient retrieval of OA sources. The results generated by SoFi RT agree remarkably well with the conventional rolling PMF results regarding factor profiles, time series, diurnal patterns, and yearly relative contributions of OA factor on three year-long ACSM data sets collected in Athens, Paris, and Zurich. Although the initialization of SoFi RT requires a priori knowledge of OA sources (i.e., the approximate number of factors and relevant factor profiles) for the sampling site, this technique minimizes user interactions. Eventually, it could provide up-to-date trustable information on timescales useful to policymakers and air quality modelers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen, Aargau5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Jay G. Slowik
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen, Aargau5232, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar R. Daellenbach
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen, Aargau5232, Switzerland
| | - Anna Tobler
- Datalystica
Ltd., Park innovAARE, Villigen, Aargau5234, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire
des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA/Orme des
Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette91191, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte60550, France
| | - Iasonas Stavroulas
- Institute
for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens15236, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
- Institute
for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens15236, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gerasopoulos
- Institute
for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens15236, Greece
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen, Aargau5232, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen, Aargau5232, Switzerland
| | - André S. H. Prévôt
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute, Villigen, Aargau5232, Switzerland
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14
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Iannarelli R, Ludwig C, Rossi MJ. The Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption of Selected Semivolatile Hydrocarbons and H 2O Vapor on Two Mineral Dust Materials: A Molecular View. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8711-8726. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Iannarelli
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Risk Prevention, EPFL VPO-SE OHS-PR, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), ENE LBK CPM, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE GR-LUD, Station 6, CH B2 397, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE GR-LUD, Station 6, CH B2 397, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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