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Xu S, Li B, Li P, He X, Chen W, Yan K, Li Y, Wang Y. Soil high Cd exacerbates the adverse impact of elevated O 3 on Populus alba 'Berolinensis' L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:35-42. [PMID: 30818258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollution with both heavy metal and ground-level ozone (O3) has been steadily increasing, especially in the cities with heavy industry. Little information is known about their combined impacts on urban tree. This study was aimed at characterizing the interactive effects of soil cadmium (Cd) addition and O3 fumigation on visible injury and growth, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, abscisic acid (ABA) content and bioaccumulation of Cd in one-year-old Populus alba 'Berolinensis' saplings by using open top chambers in Shenyang city with developed heavy industry, Northeast China. In this study, poplar saplings were grown in the pots containing soil with different concentrations of Cd (0, 100 and 500 mg kg-1) under ambient air (40 µg L-1) and elevated O3 (120 µg L-1). The results showed that EO and its combination with high Cd (500 mg kg-1) induced significant foliar injury symptoms, decreased root weight (by 41.6%) and total biomass (by 17.4%), inhibited net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, and increased malondialdehyde and ABA contents after 4 weeks of O3 exposure. Elevated O3 exacerbated the accumulation of Cd in leaves and stems of poplar plants grown in the pots with high Cd-polluted soil. Our results also indicated that high Cd pollution in soil increased the susceptibility of plants to O3 and exacerbated the adverse impact of elevated O3 on physiological metabolisms of poplar species, which implied that it was very necessary to take into consideration for O3-tolerance of tree species during phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soil in heavy industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Pin Li
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xingyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Kun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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Pellegrini E, Campanella A, Paolocci M, Trivellini A, Gennai C, Muganu M, Nali C, Lorenzini G. Functional Leaf Traits and Diurnal Dynamics of Photosynthetic Parameters Predict the Behavior of Grapevine Varieties Towards Ozone. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135056. [PMID: 26270333 PMCID: PMC4536205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative study on functional leaf treats and the diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic processes was conducted on 2-year-old potted plants of two grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties (Aleatico, ALE, and Trebbiano giallo, TRE), exposed under controlled conditions to realistic concentrations of the pollutant gas ozone (80 ppb for 5 h day-1, 8:00–13:00 h, + 40 ppb for 5 h day-1, 13:00–18:00 h). At constitutive levels, the morphological functional traits of TRE improved leaf resistance to gas exchange, suggesting that TRE is characterized by a potential high degree of tolerance to ozone. At the end of the treatment, both varieties showed typical visible injuries on fully expanded leaves and a marked alteration in the diurnal pattern of photosynthetic activity. This was mainly due to a decreased stomatal conductance (-27 and -29% in ALE and TRE, in terms of daily values in comparison to controls) and to a reduced mesophyllic functioning (+33 and +16% of the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration). Although the genotypic variability of grape regulates the response to oxidative stress, similar detoxification processes were activated, such as an increased content of total carotenoids (+64 and +30%, in ALE and TRE), enhanced efficiency of thermal energy dissipation within photosystem II (+32 and +20%) closely correlated with the increased de-epoxidation index (+26 and +22%) and variations in content of some osmolytes. In summary, we can conclude that: the daily photosynthetic performance of grapevine leaves was affected by a realistic exposure to ozone. In addition, the gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements revealed a different quali-quantitative response in the two varieties. The genotypic variability of V. vinifera and the functional leaf traits would seem to regulate the acclimatory response to oxidative stress and the degree of tolerance to ozone. Similar photoprotective mechanisms were activated in the two varieties, though to a different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanella
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Paolocci
- Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clizia Gennai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Muganu
- Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Li L, Manning WJ, Tong L, Wang X. Chronic drought stress reduced but not protected Shantung maple (Acer truncatum Bunge) from adverse effects of ozone (O3) on growth and physiology in the suburb of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 201:34-41. [PMID: 25765971 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A two-year experiment exposing Acer truncatum Bunge seedlings to elevated ozone (O3) concentrations above ambient air (AO) and drought stress (DS) was carried out using open-top chambers (OTCs) in a suburb of Beijing in north China in 2012-2013. The results suggested that AO and DS had both significantly reduced leaf mass area (LMA), stomatal conductance (Gs), light saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat) as well as above and below ground biomass at the end of the experiment. It appeared that while drought stress mitigated the expression of foliar injury, LMA, leaf photosynthetic pigments, height growth and basal diameter, due to limited carbon fixation, the O3 - induced reductions in Asat, Gs and total biomass were enhanced 23.7%. 15.5% and 8.1% respectively. These data suggest that when the whole plant was considered that drought under the conditions of this experiment did not protect the Shantung maple seedlings from the effects of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - William J Manning
- Stockbridge School, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lei Tong
- Hazardous Air Pollutants Lab, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Neufeld HS, Peoples SJ, Davison AW, Chappelka AH, Somers GL, Thomley JE, Booker FL. Ambient ozone effects on gas exchange and total non-structural carbohydrate levels in cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) growing in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 160:74-81. [PMID: 22035928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ozone-sensitive and -tolerant individuals of cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) were compared for their gas exchange characteristics and total non-structural carbohydrates at Purchase Knob, a high elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased with increased foliar stipple. Sensitive plants had lower photosynthetic rates for all leaves, except the very youngest and oldest when compared to tolerant plants. Stomatal conductance decreased with increasing leaf age, but no ozone-sensitivity differences were found. Lower leaves had less starch than upper ones, while leaves on sensitive plants had less than those on tolerant plants. These results show that ambient levels of ozone in Great Smoky Mountains National Park can adversely affect gas exchange, water use efficiency and leaf starch content in sensitive coneflower plants. Persistence of sensitive genotypes in the Park may be due to physiological recovery in low ozone years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard S Neufeld
- Department of Biology, 572 Rivers St., Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
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Calatayud V, Cerveró J, Calvo E, García-Breijo FJ, Reig-Armiñana J, Sanz MJ. Responses of evergreen and deciduous Quercus species to enhanced ozone levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:55-63. [PMID: 20974507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants of one evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) and three deciduous oaks (Q. faginea, with small leaves; Q. pyrenaica and Q. robur, with large leaves) were exposed both to filtered air and to enhanced ozone levels in Open-Top Chambers. Q. faginea and Q. pyrenaica were studied for the first time. Based on visible injury, gas exchange, chlorophyll content and biomass responses, Q. pyrenaica was the most sensitive species, and Q. ilex was the most tolerant, followed by Q. faginea. Functional leaf traits of the species were related to differences in sensitivity, while accumulated ozone flux via stomata (POD1.6) partly contributed to the observed differences. For risk assessment of Mediterranean vegetation, the diversity of responses detected in this study should be taken into account, applying appropriate critical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Calatayud
- Instituto Universitario CEAM-UMH, Charles R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnològic, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Júlia Cerveró
- Instituto Universitario CEAM-UMH, Charles R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnològic, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esperanza Calvo
- Instituto Universitario CEAM-UMH, Charles R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnològic, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco-José García-Breijo
- Laboratorio de Anatomía e Histología Vegetal "Julio Iranzo", Jardín Botánico, Universitat de València, c/Quart 80, 46008 Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior del Medio Rural y Enología, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Reig-Armiñana
- Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior del Medio Rural y Enología, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Sanz
- Instituto Universitario CEAM-UMH, Charles R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnològic, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Manninen S, Huttunen S, Vanhatalo M, Pakonen T, Hämäläinen A. Inter- and intra-specific responses to elevated ozone and chamber climate in northern birches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1679-1688. [PMID: 19147261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied the responses of micropropagated, northern provenances of downy, mountain and silver birches to elevated ozone (O(3)) and changing climate using open-top chambers (OTCs). Contrary to our hypothesis, northern birches were sensitive to O(3), i.e. O(3) levels of 31-36 ppb reduced the leaf and root biomasses by -10%, whereas wood biomass was affected to a lesser extent. The warmer and drier OTC climate enhanced growth in general, though there were differences among the species and clones, e.g. in bud burst and biomass production. Inter- and intra-specific responses to O(3) and changing climate relate to traits such as allocation patterns between the above- and belowground parts (i.e. root/shoot ratio), which further relate to nutrient and water economy. Our experiments may have mimicked future conditions quite well, but only long-term field studies can yield the information needed to forecast responses at both tree and ecosystem levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manninen
- Botany Division, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Finland.
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Paoletti E, Ferrara AM, Calatayud V, Cerveró J, Giannetti F, Sanz MJ, Manning WJ. Deciduous shrubs for ozone bioindication: Hibiscus syriacus as an example. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:865-870. [PMID: 19081168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ozone-like visible injury was detected on Hibiscus syriacus plants used as ornamental hedges. Weekly spray of the antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU, 300ppm) confirmed that the injury was induced by ambient ozone. EDU induced a 75% reduction in visible injury. Injury was more severe on the western than on the eastern exposure of the hedge. This factor of variability should be considered in ozone biomonitoring programmes. Seeds were collected and seedlings were artificially exposed to ozone in filtered vs. not-filtered (+30ppb) Open-Top Chambers. The level of exposure inducing visible injury in the OTC seedlings was lower than that in the ambient-grown hedge. The occurrence of visible injury in the OTC confirmed that the ozone sensitivity was heritable and suggested that symptomatic plants of this deciduous shrub population can be successfully used as ozone bioindicators. EDU is recommended as a simple tool for diagnosing ambient ozone visible injury on field vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paoletti
- Institut Plant Protection (IPP), National Council Research (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Manning WJ. Establishing a cause and effect relationship for ambient ozone exposure and tree growth in the forest: progress and an experimental approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2005; 137:443-54. [PMID: 16005757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Much has been written about the effects of ambient ozone on tree growth. Cause and effect has been established with seedlings in chambers. Results from multi-year studies with older tree seedlings, in open-top chambers, have been inconclusive, due to chamber effects. Extrapolation of results from chambers to trees in the forest is not possible. Predictive models for forest tree growth reductions caused by ozone have been developed, but not verified. Dendrochronological methods have been used to establish correlations between radial growth reductions in forest trees and ambient ozone exposure. The protective chemical ethylenediurea (EDU) has been used to protect tree seedlings from ozone injury. An experimental approach is advocated here that utilizes forest trees selected for sensitivity and non-sensitivity to ozone, dendrochronological methods, the protective chemical EDU, and monitoring data for ambient ozone, stomatal conductance, soil moisture potential, air temperature, PAR, etc. in long-term investigations to establish cause and effect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Manning
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Fernald Hall, 270 Stockbridge Rd., Amherst, MA 01003-9320, USA.
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Schaub M, Skelly JM, Zhang JW, Ferdinand JA, Savage JE, Stevenson RE, Davis DD, Steiner KC. Physiological and foliar symptom response in the crowns of Prunus serotina, Fraxinus americana and Acer rubrum canopy trees to ambient ozone under forest conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2005; 133:553-567. [PMID: 15519730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The crowns of five canopy dominant black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), five white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and six red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees on naturally differing environmental conditions were accessed with scaffold towers within a mixed hardwood forest stand in central Pennsylvania. Ambient ozone concentrations, meteorological parameters, leaf gas exchange and leaf water potential were measured at the sites during the growing seasons of 1998 and 1999. Visible ozone-induced foliar injury was assessed on leaves within the upper and lower crown branches of each tree. Ambient ozone exposures were sufficient to induce typical symptoms on cherry (0-5% total affected leaf area, LAA), whereas foliar injury was not observed on ash or maple. There was a positive correlation between increasing cumulative ozone uptake (U) and increasing percent of LAA for cherry grown under drier site conditions. The lower crown leaves of cherry showed more severe foliar injury than the upper crown leaves. No significant differences in predawn leaf water potential (psi(L)) were detected for all three species indicating no differing soil moisture conditions across the sites. Significant variation in stomatal conductance for water vapor (g(wv)) was found among species, soil moisture, time of day and sample date. When comparing cumulative ozone uptake and decreased photosynthetic activity (P(n)), red maple was the only species to show higher gas exchange under mesic vs. drier soil conditions (P < 0.05). The inconsistent differences in gas exchange response within the same crowns of ash and the uncoupling relationship between g(wv) and P(n) demonstrate the strong influence of heterogeneous environmental conditions within forest canopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schaub
- Graduate Ecology Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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