1
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van der Waals MJ, Thornton SF, Rolfe SA, Rock L, Smith JWN, Bosma TNP, Gerritse J. Potential of stable isotope analysis to deduce anaerobic biodegradation of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in groundwater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16150-16163. [PMID: 38319419 PMCID: PMC10894111 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding anaerobic biodegradation of ether oxygenates beyond MTBE in groundwater is important, given that it is replaced by ETBE as a gasoline additive in several regions. The lack of studies demonstrating anaerobic biodegradation of ETBE, and its product TBA, reflects the relative resistance of ethers and alcohols with a tertiary carbon atom to enzymatic attack under anoxic conditions. Anaerobic ETBE- or TBA-degrading microorganisms have not been characterized. Only one field study suggested anaerobic ETBE biodegradation. Anaerobic (co)metabolism of ETBE or TBA was reported in anoxic microcosms, indicating their biodegradation potential in anoxic groundwater systems. Non-isotopic methods, such as the detection of contaminant loss, metabolites, or ETBE- and TBA-degrading bacteria are not sufficiently sensitive to track anaerobic biodegradation in situ. Compound- and position-specific stable isotope analysis provides a means to study MTBE biodegradation, but isotopic fractionation of ETBE has only been studied with a few aerobic bacteria (εC -0.7 to -1.7‰, εH -11 to -73‰) and at one anoxic field site (δ2H-ETBE +14‰). Similarly, stable carbon isotope enrichment (δ13C-TBA +6.5‰) indicated TBA biodegradation at an anoxic field site. CSIA and PSIA are promising methods to detect anaerobic ETBE and TBA biodegradation but need to be investigated further to assess their full potential at field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle J van der Waals
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands
- Present address: KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Steven F Thornton
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Stephen A Rolfe
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Luc Rock
- Shell Global Solutions International BV, Carel van Bylandtlaan 30, The Hague, 2596 HR, The Netherlands
- Present address: Shell Global Solutions (Canada) Inc, 4000 - 500 Centre Street SE, Calgary, AB, T2G 1A6, Canada
| | - Jonathan W N Smith
- Shell Global Solutions (UK) Ltd, Shell Centre, York Road, London, SE1 7NA, UK
| | - Tom N P Bosma
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Gerritse
- Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, Utrecht, 3484 BK, The Netherlands.
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2
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Zeolite reduces losses and minimizes fractionation of various flavor compounds during EA-IRMS analysis. Food Chem 2022; 380:132172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Wang C, Heraty LJ, Wallace AF, Liu C, Li X, McGovern GP, Horita J, Fuller ME, Hatzinger PB, Sturchio NC. Position-specific isotope effects during alkaline hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitroanisole resolved by compound-specific isotope analysis, 13C NMR, and density-functional theory. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130625. [PMID: 33964759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA), and computational modeling (e.g., quantum mechanical models; reactive-transport models) are increasingly being used to monitor and predict biotic and abiotic transformations of organic contaminants in the field. However, identifying the isotope effect(s) associated with a specific transformation remains challenging in many cases. Here, we describe and interpret the position-specific isotope effects of C and N associated with a SN2Ar reaction mechanism by a combination of CSIA and PSIA using quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and density-functional theory, using 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) as a model compound. The position-specific 13C enrichment factor of O-C1 bond at the methoxy group attachment site (εC1) was found to be approximately -41‰, a diagnostic value for transformation of DNAN to its reaction products 2,4-dinitrophenol and methanol. Theoretical kinetic isotope effects calculated for DNAN isotopologues agreed well with the position-specific isotope effects measured by CSIA and PSIA. This combination of measurements and theoretical predictions demonstrates a useful tool for evaluating degradation efficiencies and/or mechanisms of organic contaminants and may promote new and improved applications of isotope analysis in laboratory and field investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Linnea J Heraty
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Adam F Wallace
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Changjie Liu
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Gregory P McGovern
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, West Texas A&M University, TX, 79016, USA
| | - Juske Horita
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Mark E Fuller
- Aptim Federal Services, LLC, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | | | - Neil C Sturchio
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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4
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Julien M, Liégeois M, Höhener P, Paneth P, Remaud GS. Intramolecular non-covalent isotope effects at natural abundance associated with the migration of paracetamol in solid matrices during liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461932. [PMID: 33535117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Position-specific isotope analysis by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry was employed to study the 13C intramolecular isotopic fractionation associated with the migration of organic substrates through different stationary phases chromatography columns. Liquid chromatography is often used to isolate compounds prior to their isotope analysis and this purification step potentially alters the isotopic composition of target compounds introducing a bias in the later measured data. Moreover, results from liquid chromatography can yield the sorption parameters needed in reactive transport models that predict the transport and fate of organic contaminants to in the environment. The aim of this study was to use intramolecular isotope analysis to study both 13C and 15N isotope effects associated with the elution of paracetamol (acetaminophen) through different stationary phases and to compare them to effects observed previously for vanillin. Results showed very different intramolecular isotope fractionation profiles depending on the chemical structure of the stationary phase. The data also demonstrate that both the amplitude and the distribution of measured isotope effects depend on the nature of the non-covalent interactions involved in the migration process. Results provided by theoretical calculation performed during this study also confirmed the direct link between observed intramolecular isotope fractionation and the nature of involved intermolecular interactions. It is concluded that the nature of the stationary phase through which the substrate passes has a major impact on the intramolecular isotopic composition of organic compounds isolated by chromatography methods..
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ōokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551 Japan; Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, UMR 7376, place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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5
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Akoka S, Remaud GS. NMR-based isotopic and isotopomic analysis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 120-121:1-24. [PMID: 33198965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecules exist in different isotopic compositions and most of the processes, physical or chemical, in living systems cause selection between heavy and light isotopes. Thus, knowing the isotopic fractionation of the common atoms, such as H, C, N, O or S, at each step during a metabolic pathway allows the construction of a unique isotope profile that reflects its past history. Having access to the isotope abundance gives valuable clues about the (bio)chemical origin of biological or synthetic molecules. Whereas the isotope ratio measured by mass spectrometry provides a global isotope composition, quantitative NMR measures isotope ratios at individual positions within a molecule. We present here the requirements and the corresponding experimental strategies to use quantitative NMR for measuring intramolecular isotope profiles. After an introduction showing the historical evolution of NMR for measuring isotope ratios, the vocabulary and symbols - for describing the isotope content and quantifying its change - are defined. Then, the theoretical framework of very accurate quantitative NMR is presented as the principle of Isotope Ratio Measurement by NMR spectroscopy, including the practical aspects with nuclei other than 2H, that have been developed and employed to date. Lastly, the most relevant applications covering three issues, tackling counterfeiting, authentication, and forensic investigation, are presented, before giving some perspectives combining technical improvements and methodological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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6
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Klajman K, Dybala-Defratyka A, Paneth P. Computational Investigations of Position-Specific Vapor Pressure Isotope Effects in Ethanol-Toward More Powerful Isotope Models for Food Forensics. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18499-18506. [PMID: 32743228 PMCID: PMC7393642 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of new experimental techniques, measurements of individual, per-position, vapor pressure isotope effects (VPIEs) became possible. Frequently, they are in opposite directions (larger and smaller than unity), leading to the cancellation when only bulk values are determined. This progress has not been yet paralleled by the theoretical description of phase change processes that would allow for computational prediction of the values of these isotope effects. Herein, we present the first computational protocol that allowed us to predict carbon VPIEs for ethanol-the molecule of great importance in authentication protocols that rely on the precise information about position-specific isotopic composition. Only the model comprising explicit treatment of the surrounding first-shell molecules provided good agreement with the measured values of isotope effects. Additionally, we find that the internal vibrations of molecules of the model to predict isotope effects work better than the entire set of normal modes of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Klajman
- Institute
of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Product
Authentication Laboratory, Bionanopark Ltd., Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dybala-Defratyka
- Institute
of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute
of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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7
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Julien M, Gori D, Höhener P, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Intramolecular isotope effects during permanganate oxidation and acid hydrolysis of methyl tert-butyl ether. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125975. [PMID: 32007772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes have been widely used to monitor remediation of environmental contaminants over the last decades. This approach gives a good mechanistic description of natural or assisted degradation of organic pollutants, such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Since abiotic degradation seems to be the most promising assisted attenuation method, the isotopic fractionation associated with oxidation and hydrolysis processes need to be further investigated in order to understand better these processes and make their monitoring more efficient. In this study, position-specific isotope effects (PSIEs) associated with permanganate oxidation and acid hydrolysis of MTBE were determined using isotope ratio monitoring by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (irm-13C NMR) combined with isotope ratio monitoring by Mass Spectrometry (irm-MS). The use of this Position-Specific Isotopic Analysis (PSIA) method makes it possible to observe a specific normal isotope effect (IE) associated with each of these two abiotic degradation mechanisms. The present work demonstrates that the 13C isotope pattern of the main degradation product, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), depends on the chemical reaction by which it is produced. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that PSIA at natural abundance can give new insights into reaction mechanisms and that this methodology is very promising for the future of modeling the remediation of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes, France.
| | - Didier Gori
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, UMR 7376, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, UMR 7376, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes, France
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8
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Joubert V, Silvestre V, Lelièvre M, Ladroue V, Besacier F, Akoka S, Remaud GS. Position-specific 15 N isotope analysis in organic molecules: A high-precision 15 N NMR method to determine the intramolecular 15 N isotope composition and fractionation at natural abundance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:1136-1142. [PMID: 31222922 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The position-specific 15 N isotope content in organic molecules, at natural abundance, is for the first time determined by using a quantitative methodology based on 15 N Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry. 15 N NMR spectra are obtained by using an adiabatic "Full-Spectrum" INEPT sequence in order to make possible 15 N NMR experiments with a high signal-to-noise ratio (>500), to reach a precision with a standard deviation below 1‰ (0.1%). This level of precision is required for observing small changes in 15 N content associated to 15 N isotope effects. As an illustration, the measurement of an isotopic enrichment factor ε for each 15 N isotopomer is presented for 1-methylimidazole induced during a separation process on a silica column. The precision expressed as the long-term repeatability of the methodology is good enough to evaluate small changes in the 15 N isotope contents for a given isotopomer. As observed for 13 C, inverse and normal 15 N isotope effects occur concomitantly, giving access to new information on the origin of the 15 N isotope effects, not detectable by other techniques such as isotope ratio measured by Mass Spectrometry for which bulk (average) values are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Joubert
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Maxime Lelièvre
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Ladroue
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Institut National de Police Scientifique, Ecully, France
| | - Fabrice Besacier
- Laboratoire de Lyon, Institut National de Police Scientifique, Ecully, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, France
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9
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Vasquez L, Rostkowski M, Gelman F, Dybala-Defratyka A. Can Path Integral Molecular Dynamics Make a Good Approximation for Vapor Pressure Isotope Effects Prediction for Organic Solvents? A Comparison to ONIOM QM/MM and QM Cluster Calculation. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7353-7364. [PMID: 29961315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic fractionation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are under strict measures of control because of their potential harm to the environment and humans, has an important ecological aspect, as the isotopic composition of compounds may depend on the conditions in which such compounds are distributed in Nature. Therefore, detailed knowledge on isotopic fractionation, not only experimental but also based on theoretical models, is crucial to follow conditions and pathways within which these contaminants are spread throughout the ecosystems. In this work, we present carbon and, for the first time, bromine vapor pressure isotope effect (VPIE) on the evaporation process from pure-phase systems-dibromomethane and bromobenzene, the representatives of aliphatic and aromatic brominated VOCs. We combine isotope effects measurements with their theoretical prediction using three computational techniques, namely path integral molecular dynamics, QM cluster, and hybrid ONIOM models. While evaporation of both compounds resulted in normal bromine VPIEs, the difference in the direction of carbon isotopic fractionation is observed for the aliphatic and aromatic compounds, where VPIEs are inverse and normal, respectively. Even though theoretical models tested here turned out to be insufficient for quantitative agreement with the experimental values, cluster electronic structure calculations, as well as two-layer ONIOM computations, provided better reproduction of experimental trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vasquez
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego 116 , 90-924 Łódź , Poland
| | - Michal Rostkowski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego 116 , 90-924 Łódź , Poland
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel , Malkhei Israel Street 30 , 95501 Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Agnieszka Dybala-Defratyka
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Lodz University of Technology , Żeromskiego 116 , 90-924 Łódź , Poland
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10
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Jézéquel T, Silvestre V, Dinis K, Giraudeau P, Akoka S. Optimized slice-selective 1H NMR experiments combined with highly accurate quantitative 13C NMR using an internal reference method. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 289:18-25. [PMID: 29448130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Isotope ratio monitoring by 13C NMR spectrometry (irm-13C NMR) provides the complete 13C intramolecular position-specific composition at natural abundance. It represents a powerful tool to track the (bio)chemical pathway which has led to the synthesis of targeted molecules, since it allows Position-specific Isotope Analysis (PSIA). Due to the very small composition range (which represents the range of variation of the isotopic composition of a given nuclei) of 13C natural abundance values (50‰), irm-13C NMR requires a 1‰ accuracy and thus highly quantitative analysis by 13C NMR. Until now, the conventional strategy to determine the position-specific abundance xi relies on the combination of irm-MS (isotopic ratio monitoring Mass Spectrometry) and 13C quantitative NMR. However this approach presents a serious drawback since it relies on two different techniques and requires to measure separately the signal of all the carbons of the analyzed compound, which is not always possible. To circumvent this constraint, we recently proposed a new methodology to perform 13C isotopic analysis using an internal reference method and relying on NMR only. The method combines a highly quantitative 1H NMR pulse sequence (named DWET) with a 13C isotopic NMR measurement. However, the recently published DWET sequence is unsuited for samples with short T1, which forms a serious limitation for irm-13C NMR experiments where a relaxing agent is added. In this context, we suggest two variants of the DWET called Multi-WET and Profiled-WET, developed and optimized to reach the same accuracy of 1‰ with a better immunity towards T1 variations. Their performance is evaluated on the determination of the 13C isotopic profile of vanillin. Both pulse sequences show a 1‰ accuracy with an increased robustness to pulse miscalibrations compared to the initial DWET method. This constitutes a major advance in the context of irm-13C NMR since it is now possible to perform isotopic analysis with high relaxing agent concentrations, leading to a strong reduction of the overall experiment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangi Jézéquel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France.
| | | | - Katy Dinis
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
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11
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Julien M, Gilbert A, Yamada K, Robins RJ, Höhener P, Yoshida N, Remaud GS. Expanded uncertainty associated with determination of isotope enrichment factors: Comparison of two point calculation and Rayleigh-plot. Talanta 2018; 176:367-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Eiler JM, Clog M, Lawson M, Lloyd M, Piasecki A, Ponton C, Xie H. The isotopic structures of geological organic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1144/sp468.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganic compounds are ubiquitous in the Earth's surface, sediments and many rocks, and preserve records of geological, geochemical and biological history; they are also critical natural resources and major environmental pollutants. The naturally occurring stable isotopes of volatile elements (D, 13C, 15N, 17,18O, 33,34,36S) provide one way of studying the origin, evolution and migration of geological organic compounds. The study of bulk stable isotope compositions (i.e. averaged across all possible molecular isotopic forms) is well established and widely practised, but frequently results in non-unique interpretations. Increasingly, researchers are reading the organic isotopic record with greater depth and specificity by characterizing stable isotope ‘structures’ – the proportions of site-specific and multiply substituted isotopologues that contribute to the total rare-isotope inventory of each compound. Most of the technologies for measuring stable isotope structures of organic molecules have been only recently developed and to date have been applied only in an exploratory way. Nevertheless, recent advances have demonstrated that molecular isotopic structures provide distinctive records of biosynthetic origins, conditions and mechanisms of chemical transformation during burial, and forensic fingerprints of exceptional specificity. This paper provides a review of this young field, which is organized to follow the evolution of molecular isotopic structure from biosynthesis, through diagenesis, catagenesis and metamorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Eiler
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Matthieu Clog
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Max Lloyd
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Alison Piasecki
- Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilo Ponton
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Hao Xie
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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13
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Insights into the role of methionine synthase in the universal 13 C depletion in O - and N -methyl groups of natural products. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Julien M, Höhener P, Robins RJ, Parinet J, Remaud GS. Position-Specific 13C Fractionation during Liquid–Vapor Transition Correlated to the Strength of Intermolecular Interaction in the Liquid Phase. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5810-5817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Aix Marseille
Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J. Robins
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- Aix Marseille
Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Gérald S. Remaud
- EBSI
Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes−CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la
Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
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15
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Höhener P, Li ZM, Julien M, Nun P, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Simulating Stable Isotope Ratios in Plumes of Groundwater Pollutants with BIOSCREEN-AT-ISO. GROUND WATER 2017; 55:261-267. [PMID: 27696411 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BIOSCREEN is a well-known simple tool for evaluating the transport of dissolved contaminants in groundwater, ideal for rapid screening and teaching. This work extends the BIOSCREEN model for the calculation of stable isotope ratios in contaminants. A three-dimensional exact solution of the reactive transport from a patch source, accounting for fractionation by first-order decay and/or sorption, is used. The results match those from a previously published isotope model but are much simpler to obtain. Two different isotopes may be computed, and dual isotope plots can be viewed. The dual isotope assessment is a rapidly emerging new approach for identifying process mechanisms in aquifers. Furthermore, deviations of isotope ratios at specific reactive positions with respect to "bulk" ratios in the whole compound can be simulated. This model is named BIOSCREEN-AT-ISO and will be downloadable from the journal homepage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi M Li
- Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7376, Marseille, F-13331, France
| | - Maxime Julien
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, Nantes University, CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, F-44322, France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, Nantes University, CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, F-44322, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, Nantes University, CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, F-44322, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, Nantes University, CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, F-44322, France
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Jézéquel T, Joubert V, Giraudeau P, Remaud GS, Akoka S. The new face of isotopic NMR at natural abundance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:77-90. [PMID: 27921330 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used method for isotope analysis at natural abundance is isotope ratio monitoring by Mass Spectrometry (irm-MS) which provides bulk isotopic composition in 2 H, 13 C, 15 N, 18 O or 34 S. However, in the 1980s, the direct access to Site-specific Natural Isotope Fractionation by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNIF-NMRTM ) was immediately recognized as a powerful technique to authenticate the origin of natural or synthetic products. The initial - and still most popular - application consisted in detecting the chaptalization of wines by irm-2 H NMR. The approach has been extended to a wide range of methodologies over the last decade, paving the way to a wide range of applications, not only in the field of authentication but also to study metabolism. In particular, the emerging irm-13 C NMR approach delivers direct access to position-specific 13 C isotope content at natural abundance. After highlighting the application scope of irm-NMR (2 H and 13 C), this article describes the major improvements which made possible to reach the required accuracy of 1‰ (0.1%) in irm-13 C NMR. The last part of the manuscript summarizes the different steps to perform isotope analysis as a function of the sample properties (concentration, peak overlap) and the kind of targeted isotopic information (authentication, affiliation). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangi Jézéquel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
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Isotope Ratio Monitoring 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry for the Analysis of Position-Specific Isotope Ratios. Methods Enzymol 2017; 596:369-401. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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Julien M, Nun P, Robins RJ, Remaud GS, Parinet J, Höhener P. Insights into Mechanistic Models for Evaporation of Organic Liquids in the Environment Obtained by Position-Specific Carbon Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12782-8. [PMID: 26443423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Position-specific isotope effects (PSIEs) have been measured by isotope ratio monitoring (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry during the evaporation of 10 liquids of different polarities under 4 evaporation modes (passive evaporation, air-vented evaporation, low pressure evaporation, distillation). The observed effects are used to assess the validity of the Craig-Gordon isotope model for organic liquids. For seven liquids the overall isotope effect (IE) includes a vapor-liquid contribution that is strongly position-specific in polar compounds but less so in apolar compounds and a diffusive IE that is not position-specific, except in the alcohols, ethanol and propan-1-ol. The diffusive IE is diminished under forced evaporation. The position-specific isotope pattern created by liquid-vapor IEs is manifest in five liquids, which have an air-side limitation for volatilization. For the alcohols, undefined processes in the liquid phase create additional PSIEs. Three other liquids with limitations on the liquid side have a lower, highly position-specific, bulk diffusive IE. It is concluded that evaporation of organic pollutants creates unique position-specific isotope patterns that may be used to assess the progress of remediation or natural attenuation of pollution and that the Craig-Gordon isotope model is valid for the volatilization of nonpolar organic liquids with air-side limitation of the volatilization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS FRE 3416 , place Victor Hugo 3, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS FRE 3416 , place Victor Hugo 3, F-13331 Marseille, France
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Julien M, Nun P, Höhener P, Parinet J, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Enhanced forensic discrimination of pollutants by position-specific isotope analysis using isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 147:383-9. [PMID: 26592622 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In forensic environmental investigations the main issue concerns the inference of the original source of the pollutant for determining the liable party. Isotope measurements in geochemistry, combined with complimentary techniques for contaminant identification, have contributed significantly to source determination at polluted sites. In this work we have determined the intramolecular (13)C profiles of several molecules well-known as pollutants. By giving additional analytical parameters, position-specific isotope analysis performed by isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (irm-(13)C NMR) spectrometry gives new information to help in answering the major question: what is the origin of the detected contaminant? We have shown that isotope profiling of the core of a molecule reveals both the raw materials and the process used in its manufacture. It also can reveal processes occurring between the contamination site 'source' and the sampling site. Thus, irm-(13)C NMR is shown to be a very good complement to compound-specific isotope analysis currently performed by mass spectrometry for assessing polluted sites involving substantial spills of pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France.
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