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Huang H, Luo J, Ma R, Zhang D, Sun S, Du C. Review on microwave immobilization of soil heavy metals: Processes and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122824. [PMID: 39378819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) is still a global issue. The maintenance of long-term stability of HMs in soil during immobilization remediation is a challenge. Microwave (MW) technology can promote the immobilization of HMs in the form of crystals and minerals, thus enhancing their resistance of corrosion. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the basics of MW irradiation through 177 papers, and reviews the research progress of MW involvement in the immobilization of soil HMs in 10 years. The effects of MW parameter settings, absorber/fixative types and soil physicochemical properties on immobilized HMs are investigated. The immobilization mechanisms of HMs are discussed, high-temperature physical encapsulation and chemical stabilization are the two basic mechanisms in the immobilization process. MW has a unique heating method to achieve efficient remediation by shortening remediation time, reducing the activation energy of reactions and promoting the transformation of stabilization products. Finally, the current limitations of MW in the remediation of HMs contaminated soils are systematically discussed and the corresponding proposed solutions are presented which may provide directions for further laboratory studies. There are still serious problems in taking the results obtained in the laboratory to the full scale. Thus, process optimization, scale-up, design and demonstration are strongly desired. In summary, this review may help new researchers to seize the research frontier in MW and can serve as a reference for future development of MW technology in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Juan Luo
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dengcai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Chaoyong Du
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Ye J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Li M, Wang Y, Chen Y, Ling R, Yan J, Chen Y, Hu J, Fang Z. Molten Alkali-Assisted Formation of Silicate Gels and Its Application for Preparing Zeolites. Gels 2024; 10:392. [PMID: 38920938 PMCID: PMC11202758 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fly ash was used as raw material to prepare zeolites through silicate gels, assisted by the hydrothermal method. The silicate gels could be effectively formed in a few minutes in a molten alkali environment. The zeolites could be prepared by using these silicate gels through the hydrothermal method, which realizes the transformation from useless materials to highly valuable materials. The obtained zeolites were applied to the removal of ammonium in water, achieving the highvalue utilization of fly ash. The synthesized zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), thermogravimetric (TG), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The study on the adsorption and removal of ammonium in water shows that the adsorption of ammonium is more in line with pseudo first-order kinetics, and the adsorption mainly occurs in the first 20 min. The adsorption can reach equilibrium in 30 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 49.1 mg/g. The adsorption capacity of ammonium has the best performance at pH = 5. Furthermore, within a certain range, an increase in temperature is beneficial for the removal of ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ye
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Ecological Environment Monitoring Station in Yanji City, Yanji 133001, China;
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Man Li
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Yiling Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Ruhui Ling
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiefeng Yan
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Jinxing Hu
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhenxing Fang
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, 521 Wenwei Road, Ningbo 315300, China; (J.Y.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (J.Y.); (J.H.)
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Shen H, Zhou C, Xu S, Huang Y, Shi J, Liu G, Wu L, Dou C. Study on the solidification performance and mechanism of heavy metals by sludge/biomass ash ceramsites, biochar and biomass ash. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:78. [PMID: 38367092 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Industrial by-products are stored in large quantities in the open, leading to wasted resources and environmental pollution, and the natural environment is similarly faced with phosphate depletion and serious water and soil pollution. This study uses these by-products to produce a new sludge/biomass ash ceramsite that will be used to adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, and solidify heavy metals in the soil while releasing Olsen P. The sludge/biomass ash ceramsites are made using sewage sludge and biomass ash in a certain ratio calcined at high temperatures and modified for the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Sludge/biomass ash ceramsites before and after phosphorus adsorption, biochar and biomass ash were compared to analyze their heavy metal adsorption capacity and potential as phosphate fertilizer. After phosphorus adsorption, the sludge/biomass ash ceramsites released effective phosphorus steadily and rapidly in the soil, with a greater initial release than biochar and biomass ash, and the ceramsites were in a granular form that could be easily recycled. Biochar and biomass residue, due to their surface functional groups, are better at solidifying heavy metals than sludge/biomass ash ceramsites. Biochar, biomass ash and sludge/biomass ash ceramsites significantly reduced the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soil. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there was a synergistic relationship between the increase in soil Olsen P content and the change in pH, with the increase in soil Olsen P content and the increase in pH contributing to heavy metal solidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexin Shen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Shihai Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jiaqian Shi
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193, Road Tunxi, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Road Jinzhai, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Anhui Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Changming Dou
- Anhui Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230061, China
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