1
|
Di Y, Peng Y, Hao X, Xin H, Guo T, Du J, Cao X, Shen L, Huang J, He Y, Feng B, Li Z, Liang J, Fang C, Zhu P, Zhang Y, Wang F, Wang X, Chen B, Xu B, Gao L. The association between pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence and exposure to fine particulate matter and residential greenness: A population-based retrospective study. One Health 2025; 20:101035. [PMID: 40321627 PMCID: PMC12047573 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2025] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Background and objective To assess the association of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) recurrence with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and residential greenness using a population-based retrospective study design. Methods All incident PTB patients, registered in Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) from 2015 to 2019 in Quzhou City, China, were included. The data on PM2.5 exposure was extracted from the China High Air Pollutants dataset and the level of greenness was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values around the patient's residence. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the risk of PTB recurrence. Results 6732 Eligible PTB incident patients were included in the study with a mean age of 56.86 years and a median follow-up time of 750 days. Recurrence was observed in 554 patients (8.2 %). Exposure to NDVI was observed to be negatively associated with PTB recurrence (HR: 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.75-0.98 per 0.1-unit increase). The strength of the association between higher PM2.5 and the risk of PTB recurrence was greater than that of lower PM2.5 concentrations in both low and high NDVI groups (HR:6.62 and 4.35, p-interaction <0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that higher PM2.5 exposure might increase the risk of PTB recurrence, while residential greenness might have a protective effect. Like other chronic respiratory diseases, prevention and control of PTB will also benefit from comprehensive environmental management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Di
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Quzhou City, 324003, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 310009, PR China
| | - Henan Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Tonglei Guo
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center GuiZhou Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.166, Jinzhu East Road, Guanshanhu District, Guiyang 550081, PR China
- Department of Neonatology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, No.83, Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang 550002, PR China
| | - Jiang Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Xuefang Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Lingyu Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Yijun He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Boxuan Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Jianguo Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| | - Chunfu Fang
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Quzhou City, 324003, PR China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Quzhou City, 324003, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 310009, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 310009, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 310009, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 310009, PR China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Quzhou City, 324003, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo T, Shen F, Xin H, Du J, Cao X, Feng B, He Y, Shen L, Di Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Jin Q, Li H, Zhang C, Gao L. Association of Fine Particulate Matter and Residential Greenness With Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Retreatment: Population-Based Retrospective Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e50244. [PMID: 39140280 PMCID: PMC11337066 DOI: 10.2196/50244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The evidence on the association of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) retreatment is limited. There are no data on whether greenness exposure protects air pollution-related PTB retreatment in patients with prior PTB. Objective In a population-based retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the influence of PM2.5 and residential greenness on the risk of PTB retreatment. Methods A total of 26,482 patients with incident PTB, registered in a mandatory web-based reporting system between 2012 and 2019 in Zhengzhou, China, were included in the analysis. The exposure to PM2.5 was assessed based on the China High Air Pollutants dataset, and the level of greenness was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values. The associations of PTB retreatment with exposure to PM2.5 and greenness were evaluated, respectively, considering the local socioeconomic level indicated by the nighttime light index. Results Among the 26,482 patients (mean age 46.86, SD 19.52 years) with a median follow-up time of 1523 days per patient, 1542 (5.82%) PTB retreatments were observed between 2012 and 2019. Exposure to PM2.5 was observed to be significantly associated with the increased risk of PTB retreatment in fully adjusted models with a hazard ratio of 1.97 (95% CI 1.34-2.83) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Patients living in the regions with relatively high quartiles of NDVI values had a 45% lower risk of PTB retreatment than those living in the regions with the lowest quartile for the 500 m buffers (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.40-0.77). Such a protective effect of residential greenness was more pronounced among patients living in lower nighttime light areas. The strength of the association between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of PTB retreatment was attenuated by greenness. No significant association was observed between NDVI and the incidence of drug resistance. Conclusions Long-term exposure to PM2.5 might be a risk factor for PTB retreatment, while an increased level of residential greenness was found to be associated with reduced risks of PTB retreatment. Our results suggest strengthening the control of ambient air pollution and improving residential greenness may contribute to the reduction of PTB retreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonglei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Henan Xin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefang Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Boxuan Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyu Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Di
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiao Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology and Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao W, Zeng W, Li S, Zhang L, Wang W, Song J, Wu H. Remote sensing estimation of sugar beet SPAD based on un-manned aerial vehicle multispectral imagery. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300056. [PMID: 38905187 PMCID: PMC11192409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate, non-destructive and cost-effective estimation of crop canopy Soil Plant Analysis De-velopment(SPAD) is crucial for precision agriculture and cultivation management. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms have shown tremendous potential in predicting crop canopy SPAD. This was because they can rapidly and accurately acquire remote sensing spectral data of the crop canopy in real-time. In this study, a UAV equipped with a five-channel multispectral camera (Blue, Green, Red, Red_edge, Nir) was used to acquire multispectral images of sugar beets. These images were then combined with five machine learning models, namely K-Nearest Neighbor, Lasso, Random Forest, RidgeCV and Support Vector Machine (SVM), as well as ground measurement data to predict the canopy SPAD of sugar beets. The results showed that under both normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, the SPAD values in the normal ir-rigation treatment were higher than those in the water-limited treatment. Multiple vegetation indices showed a significant correlation with SPAD, with the highest correlation coefficient reaching 0.60. Among the SPAD prediction models, different models showed high estimation accuracy under both normal irrigation and water-limited conditions. The SVM model demon-strated a good performance with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.635, root mean square error (Rmse) of 2.13, and relative error (Re) of 0.80% for the prediction and testing values under normal irrigation. Similarly, for the prediction and testing values under drought stress, the SVM model exhibited a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.609, root mean square error (Rmse) of 2.71, and rela-tive error (Re) of 0.10%. Overall, the SVM model showed good accuracy and stability in the pre-diction model, greatly facilitating high-throughput phenotyping research of sugar beet canopy SPAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weishi Gao
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - WanYing Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Sizhong Li
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anyang Institute of Technology, AnYang, China
| | - Jikun Song
- Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, AnYang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Anyang Institute of Technology, AnYang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jokar Z, Banavi N, Taghizadehfard S, Hassani F, Solimani R, Azarpira N, Dehghani H, Dezhgahi A, Sanati AM, Farjadfard S, Ramavandi B. Marine litter along the shores of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30853. [PMID: 38765091 PMCID: PMC11101852 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic wastes -including cigarette butts (CBs)- are dangerous for marine ecosystems not only because they contain hazardous chemicals but also because they can finally turn into micro- or even nano-particles that may be ingested by micro- and macro-fauna. Even large pieces of plastics can trap animals. In this research, the pollution status of macroplastics (abundance, size, type, and colour) and cigarette butts (CBs, number/m2) on the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf has been investigated. A total of 19 stations were explored in Bushehr province (Iran), which covers a length equivalent to 160 km of the Persian Gulf coastline. Among the collected plastic waste (2992 items), disposable mugs were the most frequent (18 %). Plastics with sizes 5-15 cm were the most abundant, and the most common type of plastic was PET (P-value <0.05). The origin of most macroplastics was domestic (2269 items). According to the Index of Clean Coasts (ICC), most surveyed beaches were extremely dirty. The average number and density of CBs in this study were 220 and 2.45 items/m2, respectively. Household litter was the most abundant type of waste in the studied beaches, and this problem can be better managed by training and improving the waste disposal culture. In general, it is suggested that an integrated and enhanced management for fishing, sewage and surface water disposal, and sandy recreational beaches be implemented in Bushehr to control plastic waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jokar
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Banavi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Sara Taghizadehfard
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hassani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Rezvan Solimani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Nahid Azarpira
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Hanieh Dehghani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Atefeh Dezhgahi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sanati
- Department of Environmental Science, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sima Farjadfard
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, 7518759577, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Igelle E, Phil-Eze P, Akim O, Kanu H, Ekowk I, Atsa J, Ojugbo P, Okputu J, Abdelrahman K, Ekwok S, Andráš P, Eldosouky AM. Spatial analysis of leachate penetration at Lemna dumpsite, Calabar: Implications for sustainable waste management in Cross River State. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30097. [PMID: 38707341 PMCID: PMC11068643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study rigorously investigated the spatial analysis of leachate penetration at Lemna dumpsite, located in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Purposeful soil sampling, performed at specific intervals (5 m, 25 m, and 50 m) along the Electrical Resistivity profile line within the dumpsite, was augmented by water sample collection from five boreholes near Lemna dumpsite. Utilizing Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) survey techniques, resistivity data were systematically gathered to comprehensively analyze the Leachate Penetration in the Lemna dumpsite. Laboratory analysis of soil and borehole water quality focused on Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX), with paired sample t-tests applied for statistical scrutiny. Analyzing the ERT and VES data employed sophisticated techniques embedded in Resistivity Two Dimension Invasion software and Advanced Geosciences Incorporation Earth Imager software. Substantial disparities (p < 0.05) emerged in the paired sample t-tests for BTEX in soil compared to National Environmental Standard Regulation and Enforcement Agency (NESREA) limits. Similarly, BTEX in borehole water displayed significant differences (p < 0.05) when compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standards, raising alarming concerns about the safety and portability of groundwater in the area. The examination of dumpsite leachate penetration revealed a resistivity anomaly of 8.01 Ωm and an inverse depth of 12.4 m, underscoring profound environmental implications and necessitating immediate remediation efforts. Additionally, Vulnerability and Aquifer Protective Capacity Index (VES) results, with a rating of <0.1, indicated severely compromised aquifer protective capacity, emphasizing the vulnerability of groundwater resources to further contamination. Our study advocates for strategic management, remediation, and monitoring measures to prevent contamination and safeguard water quality in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E.I. Igelle
- Department of Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - P.O. Phil-Eze
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Postal Code, 410002, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - O.O. Akim
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gambia, POBox, 3530, Brikama, Serekunda, Gambia
| | - H.I. Kanu
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - I.C. Ekowk
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, PMB 1115State, Nigeria
| | - J.W. Atsa
- Department of Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - P.A. Ojugbo
- Department of Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - J.S. Okputu
- Department of Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Kamal Abdelrahman
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S.E. Ekwok
- Applied Geophysics Programme, Department of Physics, University of Calabar, Calabar, PMB 1115, Cross River -State, Nigeria
| | - P. Andráš
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica, Tajovského 40, 974 01, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Ahmed M. Eldosouky
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Suez University. P.O. Box: 43221, Suez, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|