Biogenic preparation of copper oxide nanoparticles using table olive: Catalytic reduction, cytotoxicity, and burn wound healing activities

The Journey of Copper-Impregnated Dressings in Wound Healing: From a Medical Hypothesis to Clinical Practice

Background/Objectives. Chronic wounds pose a substantial global healthcare burden exacerbated by aging populations and the increasing prevalence of conditions such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and venous insufficiency. Impaired physiological repair mechanisms, including angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and re-epithelialization, hinder the healing process in chronic wounds. Many of these physiological processes are dependent on their interaction with copper. We hypothesized that the targeted delivery of copper ions to the wound bed would enhance healing. Methods. Wound dressings impregnated with copper oxide microparticles were designed to ensure the controlled release of copper ions. The efficacy of these dressings was evaluated using non-infected wound models, including diabetic mouse models compared against control and silver dressings. Outcome measures included wound closure rates, epidermal skin quality assessed by histopathological examination, and gene expression profiling. Clinical applications were assessed through diverse case studies and controlled trials involving chronic wound management. Results. Copper dressings significantly accelerated wound closure and enhanced angiogenesis compared to control and silver dressings. Histopathological analyses revealed faster granulation tissue formation, epidermal regeneration, and neovascularization. Gene expression studies showed upregulation of critical angiogenic factors such as VEGF and HIF-1α. Investigations and clinical observations corroborated improved healing across various chronic wound types, including non-infected wounds. Conclusions. Copper is essential for wound healing, and copper-impregnated dressings provide a promising solution for chronic wound management. By enhancing angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, these dressings go beyond antimicrobial action, offering a cost-effective and innovative alternative to conventional therapies. Copper dressings represent a transformative advancement in addressing the challenges of chronic wound care.

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Terminalia chebula Dried Fruit Extract: Characterization and Antibacterial Action

INTRODUCTION

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have emerged as potential antibacterial agents. In this study, we aimed to synthesize CuONPs using Terminalia chebula (T. chebula) dried fruit extract and evaluate their antibacterial activity against specific wound pathogens. Our primary objective was to comprehensively characterize dried T. chebula fruit (TCF)-CuONPs and assess their antibacterial efficacy.

METHODS

CuONPs were synthesized through a green synthesis approach employing T. chebula dried fruit extract. Structural and compositional characterization involved UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial activity of CuONPs was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli through various assays, including agar well diffusion, time-kill curve, protein leakage analysis, and antibiofilm assays.

RESULTS

Characterization revealed a distinct absorption peak at 440 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy, spherical morphology under SEM, and the presence of copper in EDX analysis. TEM revealed nanoparticle dimensions of approximately 10-12 nm. In antibacterial assays, TCF-CuONPs displayed significant efficacy, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibiting heightened susceptibility.

CONCLUSION

This study successfully synthesized eco-friendly copper oxide nanoparticles using T. chebula dried fruit extract and thoroughly characterized their structural and compositional attributes. CuONPs exhibited substantial antibacterial potency against specific wound pathogens, indicating their potential in wound management applications. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable antibacterial solutions with implications for healthcare and environmental sustainability. Further research can delve into the mechanisms and broader applications of CuONPs based on the specific experimental outcomes.