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Martin E, Dubessay P, Record E, Audonnet F, Michaud P. Recent advances in laccase activity assays: A crucial challenge for applications on complex substrates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110373. [PMID: 38091836 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the first enzymes discovered in 1883, the determination of laccase activity remains a scientific challenge, and a barrier to the full use of laccase as a biocatalyst. Indeed, laccase, an oxidase of the blue multi-copper oxidases family, has a wide range of substrates including substituted phenols, aromatic amines and lignin-related compounds. Its one-electron mechanism requires only oxygen and releases water as a reaction product. These characteristics make laccase a biocatalyst of interest in many fields of applications including pulp and paper industry, biorefineries, food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. But to fully envisage the use of laccase at an industrial scale, its activity must be reliably quantifiable on complex substrates and in complex matrices. This review aims to describe current and emerging methods for laccase activity assays and place them in the context of a potential industrial use of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Pang S, Zhou Y, Yang L, Zhou J, Li X, Xia S. Simultaneous removal of nitrate and ammonium by hydrogen-based partial denitrification coupled with anammox in a membrane biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128443. [PMID: 36470489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) are effective for nitrogen removal. However, the safety of hydrogen limited the application of MBfR. Here, a hydrogen-based partial denitrification system coupled with anammox (H2-PDA) was constructed in an MBfR for reducing hydrogen demand significantly. The metabolomics and structures of microbial communities were analyzed to determine the phenotypic differences and drivers underlying denitrification, anammox, and H2-PDA. These findings indicated that total nitrogen (TN) removal increased from 57.1% in S1 to 93.7% in S2. During the H2-PDA process, partial denitrification and anammox contributed to TN removal by 93.7% and 6.3%, respectively. Community analysis indicated that the H2-PDA system was dominated by the genus Meiothermus, which is involved in partial denitrification. Collectively, these findings confirmed the feasibility of incorporating the H2-PDA process in a MBfR and form a foundation for the establishment of novel and practical methods for efficient nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Bounegru AV, Apetrei C. Sensitive Detection of Hydroxytyrosol in Extra Virgin Olive Oils with a Novel Biosensor Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Tyrosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169132. [PMID: 36012400 PMCID: PMC9409382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an important marker for the authenticity and quality assessment of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO). The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of hydroxytyrosol in commercial extra virgin olive oils of different origins and varieties using a newly developed biosensor based on a screen-printed electrode modified with single-layer carbon nanotubes and tyrosinase (SPE-SWCNT-Ty). The enzyme was immobilized on a carbon-based screen-printed electrode previously modified with single-layer carbon nanotubes (SPE-SWCNT-Ty) by the drop-and-dry method, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The modified electrode surface was characterized by different methods, including electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and spectrometric (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) methods. Cyclic voltammetry was used for the quantitative determination of HT, obtaining a detection limit of 3.49 × 10−8 M and a quantification limit of 1.0 × 10−7 M, with a wide linearity range (0.49–15.602 µM). The electrochemical performance of the SPE-SWCNT-Ty biosensor was compared with that of the modified SPE-SWCNT sensor, and the results showed increased selectivity and sensitivity of the biosensor due to the electrocatalytic activity of tyrosinase. The results obtained from the quantitative determination of HT showed that commercial EVOOs contain significant amounts of HT, proving the high quality of the finished products. The determination of the antiradical activity of HT was carried out spectrophotometrically using the free reagent galvinoxyl. The results showed that there is a very good correlation between the antiradical capacity of EVOOs, the voltammetric response and implicitly the increased concentration of HT. SPE-SWCNT-Ty has multiple advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity, feasibility and low cost and could be used in routine analysis for quality control of food products such as vegetable oils.
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Tran VHN, Perna V, Mikkelsen MD, Thi Nguyen T, Thi Dieu Trang V, Baum A, Thi Thuy Cao H, Thi Thanh Van T, Meyer AS. A new FTIR assay for quantitative measurement of endo-fucoidanase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 158:110035. [PMID: 35489196 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endo-fucoidanases, including EC 3.2.1.211 endo-α-1,3-L-fucanase and EC 3.2.1.212 endo-α-1,4-L-fucanase activities, catalyze depolymerization of fucoidans - a group of bioactive, sulfated fucosyl-polysaccharides found primarily in brown macroalgae (brown seaweeds). Quantitative assessment of endo-fucoidanase activity is critical for characterizing endo-fucoidanase kinetics and for comparing the action of different endo-fucoidanases on different types of fucoidans. However, the current state-of-the-art endo-fucoidanase assay consists of a qualitative assessment based on Carbohydrate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Here, we report a new quantitative endo-fucoidanase assay based on real time spectral evolution profiling of changes in substrate and product during endo-fucoidanase action using Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC). The FTIR-PARAFAC assay was validated by monitoring the reaction progress of three different microbial endo-fucoidanase enzymes, FcnAΔ229, FFA2 and Fhf1Δ470, on two different fucoidan substrates. The substrates were purified from the brown macroalgae Fucus evanescens and Fucus vesiculosus, respectively. The evolution profiling showed that the strongest spectral change of the fucoidans during enzymatic depolymerization occurred in the spectral range 1220-1260 cm-1, but the profiles differed depending on the substrate and the enzyme used. Spectral changes within 1220-1260 cm-1 are in agreement with the enzymatic depolymerization inducing signature changes in the mid-infrared absorption of sulfated fucosyls as sulfate ester bonds and C-O stretching vibrations absorb in this spectral region. Based on the data obtained, we also introduce an activity unit for endo-fucoidanases: One endo-fucoidanase Unit, Uf, is the amount of enzyme able to catalyze a change in the FTIR-PARAFAC score by 0.01 during 498 s of reaction (8.3 min) on 20 g/L pure fucoidan from F. evanescens at 42 °C, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl and 10 mM CaCl2. This new quantitative endo-fucoidanase assay can pave the way for better kinetic characterizations as well as novel explorations of endo-fucoidanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Ha Nguyen Tran
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam
| | - Valentina Perna
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalgaard Mikkelsen
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thuan Thi Nguyen
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Thi Dieu Trang
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam
| | - Andreas Baum
- Section for Statistics and Data Analysis, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hang Thi Thuy Cao
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Thanh Van
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Section for Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Trang VTD, Mikkelsen MD, Vuillemin M, Meier S, Cao HTT, Muschiol J, Perna V, Nguyen TT, Tran VHN, Holck J, Van TTT, Khanh HHN, Meyer AS. The Endo-α(1,4) Specific Fucoidanase Fhf2 From Formosa haliotis Releases Highly Sulfated Fucoidan Oligosaccharides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823668. [PMID: 35185990 PMCID: PMC8847386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fucoidanases are endo-fucoidanases (also known as endo-fucanases) that catalyze hydrolysis of α-glycosidic linkages in fucoidans, a family of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides primarily found in the cell walls of brown seaweeds. Fucoidanases are promising tools for producing bioactive fucoidan oligosaccharides for a range of biomedical applications. High sulfation degree has been linked to high bioactivity of fucoidans. In this study, a novel fucoidanase, Fhf2, was identified in the genome of the aerobic, Gram-negative marine bacterium Formosa haliotis. Fhf2 was found to share sequence similarity to known endo-α(1,4)-fucoidanases (EC 3.2.1.212) from glycoside hydrolase family 107. A C-terminal deletion mutant Fhf2∆484, devoid of 484 amino acids at the C-terminus, with a molecular weight of approximately 46 kDa, was constructed and found to be more stable than the full-length Fhf2 protein. Fhf2∆484 showed endo-fucoidanase activity on fucoidans from different seaweed species including Fucus evanescens, Fucus vesiculosus, Sargassum mcclurei, and Sargassum polycystum. The highest activity was observed on fucoidan from F. evanescens. The Fhf2∆484 enzyme was active at 20-45°C and at pH 6-9 and had optimal activity at 37°C and pH 8. Additionally, Fhf2∆484 was found to be calcium-dependent. NMR analysis showed that Fhf2∆484 catalyzed hydrolysis of α(1,4) linkages between L-fucosyl moieties sulfated on C2 (similar to Fhf1 from Formosa haliotis), but Fhf2∆484 in addition released oligosaccharides containing a substantial amount of 2,4-disulfated fucose residues. The data thus suggest that the Fhf2∆484 enzyme could be a valuable candidate for producing highly sulfated oligosaccharides applicable for fucoidan bioactivity investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Thi Dieu Trang
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Maria Dalgaard Mikkelsen
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marlene Vuillemin
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hang Thi Thuy Cao
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Jan Muschiol
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentina Perna
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thuan Thi Nguyen
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Vy Ha Nguyen Tran
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Jesper Holck
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tran Thi Thanh Van
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Hoang Nhu Khanh
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Anne S. Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Song T, Li S, Yin Z, Bao M, Lu J, Li Y. Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-containing wastewater treatment using ozone reactor-upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor-aerobic biofilm reactor multistage treatment system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116111. [PMID: 33290953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymer flooding is one of the most important enhanced oil recovery techniques. However, a large amount of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)-containing wastewater is produced in the process of polymer flooding, and this poses a potential threat to the environment. In this study, the treatment of HPAM-containing wastewater was analyzed in an ozonic-anaerobic-aerobic multistage treatment process involving an ozone reactor (OR), an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR), and an aerobic biofilm reactor (ABR). At an HPAM concentration of 500 mg L-1 and an ozone dose of 25 g O3/g TOC, the HPAM removal rate reached 85.06%. With fracturing of the carbon chain, high-molecular-weight HPAM was degraded into low-molecular-weight compounds. Microbial communities in bioreactors were investigated via high-throughput sequencing, which revealed that norank_c_Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, norank_f_Cytophagaceae, and Meiothermus were the dominant bacterial groups, and that Methanobacterium, norank_c_WCHA1-57, and Methanosaeta were the key archaeal genera. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which HPAM-containing wastewater is treated using an ozonic-anaerobic-aerobic multistage treatment system. The ideal degradation performance and the presence of keystone microorganisms confirmed that the multistage treatment process is feasible for treatment of HPAM-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zichao Yin
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Jinren Lu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, And Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec Group), Beijing, 100728, China
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Kelani KM, Rezk MR, Monir HH, ElSherbiny MS, Eid SM. FTIR combined with chemometric tools (fingerprinting spectroscopy) in comparison to HPLC: which strategy offers more opportunities as a green analytical chemistry technique for pharmaceutical analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5893-5907. [PMID: 33290449 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01749c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a widespread technique that can provide a chemical signature (fingerprints) of solid, liquid, or gas samples with a wide range of analytical applications. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a leading analytical strategy for pharmaceutical analysis. Here we present a side-by-side comparison of the potential of these techniques for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical active ingredient combinations in light of green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles. The methods were successfully applied for the analysis of ketoprofen (KTP)/hyoscine (HYS) and benzocaine (BENZ)/dextromethorphan HBr (DEX) in their binary mixtures and pharmaceutical preparations. In FTIR analysis, calibration models were constructed based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) with satisfactory regression coefficients (r2) of 0.9998, 0.9994, 0.9855, and 0.9895 for KTP, HYS, DEX, and BENZ, respectively, over a wide linearity range (10-100, 10-100, 5-75, and 10-100 μg mL-1) that covers the concentration ratios in the market samples. External validation using a validation set and internal validation using leave-one-out-cross-validation calculations were performed, and small root-mean-square-error-of-cross-validation (RMSECV) values were obtained indicating the good resolving power of the models. The same performance was obtained using the HPLC method for separation of the same mixtures with r2 equal to 0.9998, 0.9999, 0.9998, and 0.9998 over linear ranges of 50-1000, 10-200, 5-100, and 5-100 μg mL-1 for KTP, HYS, DEX, and BENZ, respectively. The HPLC methods were validated following ICH guidelines with good recovery percentages in the range of 98-100%. The statistical comparison of the FTIR and HPLC methods for analysis showed almost the same results with good applicability towards commercial dosage forms. Concerning the twelve GAC principles, a detailed comparison was performed to highlight the opportunities of each technique. FTIR-PLSR analysis showed superior performance as it allows for less solvent consumption, portability, less generated waste, short operating time, less operation cost, less energy consumption, and more operator safety and it is easily coupled with chemometric tools. Besides, FTIR is a direct analytical technique that can be used for the analysis of samples in all the physical forms (solid, liquid, and gas) without modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga M Kelani
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Aini Street, ET-11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Expression of Pleurotus ostreatus Laccase Gene in Pichia pastoris and Its Degradation of Corn Stover Lignin. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040601. [PMID: 32326242 PMCID: PMC7232166 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is a species of white-rot fungi that effectively degrades lignin. In this study, we aimed to efficiently express the lac-2 gene of Pleurotus ostreatus in the Pichia pastoris X33 yeast strain. The enzymatic properties of recombinant yeast were determined, and its ability to degrade corn stover lignin was determined. The results showed the optimum pH values of recombinant laccase for 2,2’-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 2-methoxyphenol were 3.0, 3.0, and 3.5, respectively. The optimum reaction temperature was 50 °C, and it had good thermal stability and acid and alkali resistance. The degradation rate of lignin in corn stover by recombinant laccase was 18.36%, and the native Pleurotus ostreatus degradation rate was 14.05%, the difference between them is significant (p < 0.05). This experiment lays a foundation for the study of the degradation mechanism of lignin by laccase.
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Tang Z, Lin Z, Wang Y, Zhao P, Kuang F, Zhou J. Coupling of thermophilic biofilm-based systems and ozonation for enhanced organics removal from high-temperature pulping wastewater: Performance, microbial communities, and pollutant transformations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136802. [PMID: 31982769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the establishment of thermophilic biofilm-based systems (TBSs) coupled with ozonation for treatment of high-temperature pulping wastewater. The effects of the inoculum, sludge growth mode, and temperature were investigated. These factors played roles in the organics removal performance and microbial communities of pulping wastewater treatment systems. At 50 °C, the TBS inoculated with optimal inoculum achieved 59.12% and 37.96% reductions in COD and chromaticity, which were superior to the reductions achieved by other systems. In this TBS, thermophilic lignocellulolytic microorganisms (Chloroflexus, Meiothermus, norank_f_Caldilineaceae, and Roseiflexus) and carbohydrate-fermenting bacteria (norank_f_Anaerolineaceae) were predominant. Their relative abundances were 25.55% and 10.42%, respectively. For enhanced removal of COD and chromaticity, an integrated system consisting of a primary TBS, ozonation, and a secondary TBS was proposed. The total COD and chromaticity removal efficiencies increased to 90.48% and 87.89%, respectively. BOD5/COD increased from 0.20 to 0.40, and shifts of lignin-like and humic acid-like substances were observed during ozonation with the primary TBS effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Faguo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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Song T, Li S, Jin J, Yin Z, Lu Y, Bao M, Li Y. Enhanced hydrolyzed polyacrylamide removal from water by an aerobic biofilm reactor-ozone reactor-aerobic biofilm reactor hybrid treatment system: Performance, key enzymes and functional microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121811. [PMID: 31344634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-containing (HPAM-containing) wastewater was investigated in a lab-scale aerobic-ozonic-aerobic hybrid treatment system. When the HPAM concentration was 500 mg L-1 and the ozone dose was 25 g O3/g TOC, the HPAM removal rate reached 90.79%. Experimental results obtained from gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and rheometer indicated that the refractory HPAM was decomposed into small-molecule compounds. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that there was no acrylamide (AM) in the effluent of the system. Microbial communities in two aerobic biofilm reactors (ABRs) were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq Sequencing, which indicated that norank_f_Cytophagaceae, Meiothermus, Bacillus, etc. were keystone functional bacterial genera and Methanobacterium, norank_p_Bathyarchaeota, norank_c_Marine_Group_Ⅰ, etc. were dominant functional archaeal groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to treat HPAM-containing wastewater using an aerobic-ozonic-aerobic hybrid process. Good removal efficiencies and presence of functional microorganisms demonstrated that the hybrid treatment system was practical for treating HPAM-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiafeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zichao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yifeng Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mutai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec Group), Beijing 100728, China
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