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Wang R, Cheng L, He L, Du C, Wang H, Peng B, Yu X, Liu W, Luo W, Ran H, Yang L. Nitric oxide nano-reactor DNMF/PLGA enables tumor vascular microenvironment and chemo-hyperthermia synergetic therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:110. [PMID: 38481281 PMCID: PMC10938667 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer ranks first among malignant tumors, of which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by its highly invasive behavior and the worst prognosis. Timely diagnosis and precise treatment of TNBC are substantially challenging. Abnormal tumor vessels play a crucial role in TNBC progression and treatment. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates angiogenesis and maintains vascular homeostasis, while effective NO delivery can normalize the tumor vasculature. Accordingly, we have proposed here a tumor vascular microenvironment remodeling strategy based on NO-induced vessel normalization and extracellular matrix collagen degradation with multimodality imaging-guided nanoparticles against TNBC called DNMF/PLGA. RESULTS Nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX), a NO donor L-arginine (L-Arg), ultrasmall spinel ferrites (MnFe2O4), and a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell. Nanoparticle distribution in the tumor was accurately monitored in real-time through highly enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic imaging. Near-infrared irradiation of tumor cells revealed that MnFe2O4 catalyzes the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from H2O2, resulting in a cascade catalysis of L-Arg to trigger NO production in the presence of ROS. In addition, DOX activates niacinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase to generate and supply H2O2. The generated NO improves the vascular endothelial cell integrity and pericellular contractility to promote vessel normalization and induces the activation of endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (mainly MMP-1 and MMP-2) so as to promote extravascular collagen degradation, thereby providing an auxiliary mechanism for efficient nanoparticle delivery and DOX penetration. Moreover, the chemotherapeutic effect of DOX and the photothermal effect of MnFe2O4 served as a chemo-hyperthermia synergistic therapy against TNBC. CONCLUSION The two therapeutic mechanisms, along with an auxiliary mechanism, were perfectly combined to enhance the therapeutic effects. Briefly, multimodality image-guided nanoparticles provide a reliable strategy for the potential application in the fight against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun He
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Chier Du
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohao Peng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpei Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
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Khosropoor S, Alavi MS, Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A. Cannabidiol goes nuclear: The role of PPARγ. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154771. [PMID: 36965374 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main phytocannabinoids found in Cannabis sativa. In contrast to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, it has a low affinity for cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, thereby it does not induce significant psychoactive effects. However, CBD may interact with other receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). CBD is a PPARγ agonist and changes its expression. There is considerable evidence that CBD's effects are mediated by its interaction with PPARγ. So, we reviewed studies related to the interaction of CBD and PPARγ. METHODS In this comprehensive literature review, the term 'cannabidiol' was used in combination with the following keywords including 'PPARγ', 'Alzheimer's disease', 'Parkinson's disease', 'seizure', 'multiple sclerosis', 'immune system', 'cardiovascular system', 'cancer', and 'adipogenesis'. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched until December 20, 2022. A total of 78 articles were used for the reviewing process. RESULTS CBD, via activation of PPARγ, promotes significant pharmacological effects. The present review shows that the effects of CBD on Alzheimer's disease and memory, Parkinson's disease and movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, anxiety and depression, cardiovascular system, immune system, cancer, and adipogenesis are mediated, at least in part, via PPARγ. CONCLUSION CBD not only activates PPARγ but also affects its expression in the body. It was suggested that the late effects of CBD are mediated via PPARγ activation. We suggested that CBD's chemical structure is a good backbone for developing new dual agonists. Combining it with other chemicals enhances their biological effectiveness while reducing their dosage. The present study indicated that PPARγ is a key target for CBD, and its activation by CBD should be considered in all future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khosropoor
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zubareva OE, Dyomina AV, Kovalenko AA, Roginskaya AI, Melik-Kasumov TB, Korneeva MA, Chuprina AV, Zhabinskaya AA, Kolyhan SA, Zakharova MV, Gryaznova MO, Zaitsev AV. Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum in a Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098451. [PMID: 37176158 PMCID: PMC10179354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a challenging brain disorder that is often difficult to treat with conventional therapies. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. In this study, the effects of Bifidobacterium longum, a probiotic, on inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and behavior are evaluated in a lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced in young adult rats. B. longum was administered orally at a dose of 109 CFU/rat for 30 days after pilocarpine injection. The results show that B. longum treatment has beneficial effects on the TLE-induced changes in anxiety levels, neuronal death in the amygdala, and body weight recovery. In addition, B. longum increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes, such as Il1rn and Pparg. However, the probiotic had little effect on TLE-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis and did not reduce neuronal death in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. The study suggests that B. longum may have a beneficial effect on TLE and may provide valuable insights into the role of gut bacteria in epileptogenesis. In addition, the results show that B. longum may be a promising drug for the comprehensive treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Zubareva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Dyomina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Kovalenko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I Roginskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tigran B Melik-Kasumov
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marina A Korneeva
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alesya V Chuprina
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alesya A Zhabinskaya
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stepan A Kolyhan
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Maria V Zakharova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marusya O Gryaznova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Akünal Türel C, Yunusoğlu O. Oleanolic acid suppresses pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in vivo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:529-540. [PMID: 36812380 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2167947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of triterpene oleanolic acid on the brain tissue of mice with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures. Male Swiss albino mice were randomly separated into five groups as the PTZ, control, and oleanolic acid (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) groups. PTZ injection was seen to cause significant seizures compared with the control group. Oleanolic acid significantly prolonged the latency to onset of myoclonic jerks and the duration of clonic convulsions, and decreased mean seizure scores following PTZ administration. Pretreatment with oleanolic acid also led to an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT and AChE) and levels (GSH and SOD) in the brain. The data obtained from this study support oleanolic acid may have anticonvulsant potential in PTZ-induced seizures, prevent oxidative stress and protect against cognitive disturbances. These results may provide useful information for the inclusion of oleanolic acid in epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Akünal Türel
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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5
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Senn L, Costa AM, Avallone R, Socała K, Wlaź P, Biagini G. Is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma a putative target for epilepsy treatment? Current evidence and future perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108316. [PMID: 36436690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors, has been mainly studied as an important factor in metabolic disorders. However, in recent years the potential role of PPARγ in different neurological diseases has been increasingly investigated. Especially, in the search of therapeutic targets for patients with epilepsy the question of the involvement of PPARγ in seizure control has been raised. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder causing a major impact on the psychological, social, and economic conditions of patients and their families, besides the problems of the disease itself. Considering that the world prevalence of epilepsy ranges between 0.5% - 1.0%, this condition is the fourth for importance among the other neurological disorders, following migraine, stroke, and dementia. Among others, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adult patients. About 65% of individuals who receive antiseizure medications (ASMs) experience seizure independence. For those in whom seizures still recur, investigating PPARγ could lead to the development of novel ASMs. This review focuses on the most important findings from recent investigations about the potential intracellular PPARγ-dependent processes behind different compounds that exhibited anti-seizure effects. Additionally, recent clinical investigations are discussed along with the promising results found for PPARγ agonists and the ketogenic diet (KD) in various rodent models of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Senn
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna-Maria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Avallone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Roginskaya AI, Dyomina AV, Kovalenko AA, Zakharova MV, Schwarz AP, Melik-Kasumov TB, Zubareva OE. Effect of Anakinra on the Gene Expression of Receptors Activated by the Peroxisome Proliferator in the Rat Brain in the Lithium Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Godlevsky LS, Poshyvak OB, Pervak MP, Latypov KA, Prybolovets KO, Yehorenko OS. Effects of a Combination of Transcranial DC Cerebellar Stimulation and Pioglitazone Administration on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Kindled Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-022-09919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Seizer L, Rahimi S, Santos-Sierra S, Drexel M. Expression of toll like receptor 8 (TLR8) in specific groups of mouse hippocampal interneurons. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267860. [PMID: 35507634 PMCID: PMC9067651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are one of the main constituents of the innate immune system in mammals. They can detect conserved microbial structures (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and host-derived ligands that are produced during cellular stress and damage (danger-associated molecular patterns) and may then initiate an intracellular signaling cascade leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immediate immune responses. Some TLR (TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6) are expressed on the cell surface while others (TLR3, 7, 8 and 9) are present on the surface of endosomes and their ligands require internalization before recognition is possible. Several TLR have also been detected in neurons where they may serve functions that are not related to immune responses. TLR2, 3, and 4 have been described in cortical neurons and, for TLR4, a seizure-promoting role in epilepsies associated with inflammation has been shown. TLR3, 7, and 8 expressed in neurons seem to influence the growth or withdrawal of neurites and robust activation of TLR8 in neurons may even induce neuronal death. The goal of the current study was to investigate the expression of TLR8 in the hippocampus of mice during postnatal development and in adulthood. We focused on three functionally distinct groups of GABAergic interneurons characterized by the expression of the molecular markers parvalbumin, somatostatin, or calretinin, and we applied double fluorescence immunohistochemistry and cell counts to quantify co-expression of TLR8 in the three groups of GABA-interneurons across hippocampal subregions. We found subregion-specific differences in the expression of TLR8 in these interneurons. During postnatal development, TLR8 was detected only in mice older than P5. While only a small fraction of hippocampal calretinin-positive interneurons expressed TLR8, most parvalbumin-positive interneurons in all hippocampal subregions co-expressed TLR8. Somatostatin-positive interneurons co-expressing TLR8 were mainly present in hippocampal sector CA3 but rare in the dentate gyrus and CA1. High expression of TLR8 in parvalbumin-interneurons may contribute to their high vulnerability in human temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Seizer
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sadegh Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Meinrad Drexel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Zubareva OE, Melik-Kasumov TB. The Gut–Brain Axis and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Regulation of Epileptogenesis. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Oubraim S, Wang R, Hausknecht KA, Shen RY, Haj-Dahmane S. Tonic Endocannabinoid Signaling Gates Synaptic Plasticity in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Serotonin Neurons Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:691219. [PMID: 34262460 PMCID: PMC8273699 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.691219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs), which include 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) are lipid signaling molecules involved in the regulation of an array of behavioral and physiological functions. Released by postsynaptic neurons, eCBs mediate both phasic and tonic signaling at central synapses. While the roles of phasic eCB signaling in modulating synaptic functions and plasticity are well characterized, very little is known regarding the physiological roles and mechanisms regulating tonic eCB signaling at central synapses. In this study, we show that both 2-AG and AEA are constitutively released in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), where they exert tonic control of glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto serotonin (5-HT) neurons. The magnitude of this tonic eCB signaling is tightly regulated by the overall activity of neuronal network. Thus, short term in vitro neuronal silencing or blockade of excitatory synaptic transmission abolishes tonic eCB signaling in the DRn. Importantly, in addition to controlling basal synaptic transmission, this study reveals that tonic 2-AG, but not AEA signaling, modulates synaptic plasticity. Indeed, short-term increase in tonic 2-AG signaling impairs spike-timing dependent potentiation (tLTP) of glutamate synapses. This tonic 2-AG-mediated homeostatic control of DRN glutamate synapses is not signaled by canonical cannabinoid receptors, but by intracellular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Further examination reveals that 2-AG mediated activation of PPARγ blocks tLTP by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO), soluble guanylate cyclase, and protein kinase G (NO/sGC/PKG) signaling pathway. Collectively, these results unravel novel mechanisms by which tonic 2-AG signaling integrates network activities and controls the synaptic plasticity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Oubraim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn A Hausknecht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Roh-Yu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Samir Haj-Dahmane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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11
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Rosiglitazone Prevents Autophagy by Regulating Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Element in a Rat Model of Lithium-pilocarpine-induced Status Epilepticus. Neuroscience 2020; 455:212-222. [PMID: 33197503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) leads to irreversible neuronal damage and consists of a complex pathogenesis that involves oxidative stress and subsequent autophagy. Rosiglitazone has recently been considered as a potential neuroprotective factor in epilepsy because of its antioxidative function. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of rosiglitazone in SE rat models and investigate whether its mechanisms of action involve autophagy via the antioxidant factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220 g) were used to establish lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE model. We found that rosiglitazone markedly improved neuronal survival at 24-h post-SE as indicated via Hematoxylin-Eosin and Nissl staining. Furthermore, along with a reduction in reactive oxygen species, rosiglitazone pretreatment enhanced the antioxidative activity of superoxide dismutase and the expression level of Nrf2, as detected via chemical assay kits and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II (LC3II)/LC3I ratio was increased and peaked at 24 h after SE, whereas p62 mRNA levels were sharply elevated at 72 h after SE, both SE-induced increases of which were reversed via rosiglitazone pretreatment. To further test our hypothesis of the key role of Nrf2 in this process, small-interfering RNA for Nrf2 (siNrf2) was then transfected into SE rats to knockdown Nrf2 expression. We found that siNrf2 partially blocked the above effects of rosiglitazone on autophagy-related proteins in SE rats. Taken together, our findings suggest that rosiglitazone attenuates oxidative-stress-induced autophagy via increasing Nrf2 in SE rats and may be used as a promising therapeutic strategy for SE treatment.
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12
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Etemad L, Zamani M, Iranshahi M, Roohbakhsh A. The Protective Effect of Auraptene Against Oxidative Stress and Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Chemical Kindling in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:1395-1402. [PMID: 32641949 PMCID: PMC6934955 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that some pitfalls in the treatment of epilepsy such as serious side effects of medications and drug resistance may be resolved by natural compounds. Auraptene belongs to coumarins and is found in citrus peel. We hypothesized that auraptene might have anticonvulsant properties. Kindling was induced by repeated intraperitoneal (IP) injections of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 35 mg/kg) with two-day intervals for 24 days in male albino mice. Three groups received IP injections of auraptene (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Three control groups received vehicle, diazepam (3 mg/kg, IP), and vitamin E (150 mg/kg, IP). Seizure-related behaviors were recorded for 30 min after PTZ injection. Moreover, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in the brain. The results indicated that auraptene at the dose of 12.5 mg/kg and vitamin E significantly prolonged the latency to stage 2 of seizures (P < 0.01). Auraptene at the doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, prolonged the latency to stage 4 (P < 0.01) and reduced stage 5 duration of seizures (P < 0.01). All doses of auraptene reduced median of seizure scores (P < 0.01). The kindled control group had MDA levels similar to intact animals but had a lower concentration of GSH (P < 0.001). None of the tested compounds changed the malondialdehyde concentration significantly. However, auraptene at the dose of 50 mg/kg and vitamin E increased GSH levels (P < 0.05). The results suggest that auraptene had anticonvulsant effects in PTZ-induced chemical kindling that was mediated by mechanisms other than the antioxidant effect of auraptene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Zamani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Tan C, Liu X, Peng W, Wang H, Zhou W, Jiang J, Wei X, Mo L, Chen Y, Chen L. Seizure-induced impairment in neuronal ketogenesis: Role of zinc-α2-glycoprotein in mitochondria. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6833-6845. [PMID: 32340079 PMCID: PMC7299723 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies (KBs) were known to suppress seizure. Untraditionally, neurons were recently reported to utilize fatty acids and produce KBs, but the effect of seizure on neuronal ketogenesis has not been researched. Zinc‐α2‐glycoprotein (ZAG) was reported to suppress seizure via unclear mechanism. Interestingly, ZAG was involved in fatty acid β‐oxidation and thus may exert anti‐epileptic effect by promoting ketogenesis. However, this promotive effect of ZAG on neuronal ketogenesis has not been clarified. In this study, we performed immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify potential interaction partners with ZAG. The mechanisms of how ZAG translocated into mitochondria were determined by quantitative coimmunoprecipitation after treatment with apoptozole, a heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) inhibitor. ZAG level was modulated by lentivirus in neurons or adeno‐associated virus in rat brains. Seizure models were induced by magnesium (Mg2+)‐free artificial cerebrospinal fluid in neurons or intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole kindling in rats. Ketogenesis was determined by cyclic thio‐NADH method in supernatant of neurons or brain homogenate. The effect of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) on ZAG expression was examined by Western blot, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and chromatin immunoprecipitation qRT‐PCR. We found that seizure induced ketogenesis deficiency via a ZAG‐dependent mechanism. ZAG entered mitochondria through a HSC70‐dependent mechanism, promoted ketogenesis by binding to four β‐subunits of long‐chain L‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (HADHB) and alleviated ketogenesis impairment in a neuronal seizure model and pentylenetetrazole‐kindled epileptic rats. Additionally, PPARγ activation up‐regulated ZAG expression by binding to promoter region of AZGP1 gene and promoted ketogenesis through a ZAG‐dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuxue Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Jin M, Zhang B, Sun Y, Zhang S, Li X, Sik A, Bai Y, Zheng X, Liu K. Involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in anticonvulsant activity of α-asaronol against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in zebrafish. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107760. [PMID: 31493468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPARs), the nuclear hormone receptors, have been reported to be involved in seizure control. Selective agonists and antagonists of PPARs raise seizure thresholds and suppress seizures, respectively. In this study, we evaluated the anticonvulsant effects of α-asaronol, a metabolic product of α-asarone, on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in zebrafish and investigated the underlying mechanisms. As a result, α-asaronol ameliorated seizures with increase of seizure latency, as well as decrease of seizure-like behavior, c-fos expression, and abnormal neuronal discharge in a concentration dependent manner. By comparing gene expression profiles of zebrafish undergoing seizures and α-asaronol pretreated zebrafish, we found that α-asaronol attenuate seizures through increase of PPAR γ expression, while PPAR γ antagonist GW9662 inhibit the anti-seizures actions of α-asaronol. Moreover, molecular docking simulation implied the physical interaction between α-asaronol and PPAR γ. The overall results indicated that the anticonvulsant effects of α-asaronol are regulated through PPAR γ-mediated pathway, which shed light on development of α-asaronol as a potential antiepileptic drug. In addition, it is for first time to report that PPAR γ is associated with seizures in zebrafish, supporting previous evidence that zebrafish is a suitable alternative for studying seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789, East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789, East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710069, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789, East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, NO.44 West Culture Road, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, H-7624, Hungary; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yajun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710069, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710069, PR China.
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789, East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
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15
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The nitrated fatty acid, 10-nitrooleate inhibits the neutrophil chemotaxis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in CLP-induced sepsis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:159-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Godlevsky LS, Pervak MP. Peroxisomal Proliferator-Activated γ-Receptors: Participation in the Anti-Seizure Effects of Transcranial DC Stimulation of the Cerebellum. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Mirza AZ, Althagafi II, Shamshad H. Role of PPAR receptor in different diseases and their ligands: Physiological importance and clinical implications. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:502-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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The Protective Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma in Seizure and Neuronal Excitotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5497-5506. [PMID: 30623373 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family, type II nucleus receptors have been successfully tested for their neuroprotective potential in certain central nervous system diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine if modulation by PPAR-γ could attenuate pilocarpine-induced seizures and decrease neuronal excitability. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: one group received pretreatment with pioglitazone and the other received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for a period of 2 weeks. Status epilepticus was then induced in both groups by lithium-pilocarpine, after which seizure susceptibility, severity, and mortality were evaluated. Hippocampal histopathology was carried out on all mice at 24 h post-status epilepticus as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage analysis. With the aid of patch clamp technology, the hippocampal neuronal excitability from mice with PPAR-γ 50% expression (PpargC/C) and PPAR-γ 25% expression (PpargC/-), as well as the effect of pioglitazone on the sodium currents in hippocampal neurons, were evaluated. It was found that pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, could attenuate pilocarpine-induced seizure severity in mice. Pathological examination showed that pioglitazone significantly attenuated pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus-related hippocampal neuronal loss and BBB damage. Further characterization of neuronal excitability revealed higher excitability in the brain slices from mice with PpargC/- expression, compared with the PpargC/C group. It was also found that pioglitazone could decrease sodium currents in hippocampal neurons. In conclusion, PPAR-γ deficiency aggravated neuronal excitability and excitotoxicity. PPAR-γ attenuated pilocarpine-induced seizure severity, neuronal loss, BBB damage, and sodium currents in hippocampal neurons. Modulation of PPAR-γ could be a potential novel treatment for epileptic seizures.
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19
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Gavzan H, Hashemi F, Babaei J, Sayyah M. A role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in anticonvulsant activity of docosahexaenoic acid against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole. Neurosci Lett 2018; 681:83-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Lucchi C, Costa AM, Giordano C, Curia G, Piat M, Leo G, Vinet J, Brunel L, Fehrentz JA, Martinez J, Torsello A, Biagini G. Involvement of PPARγ in the Anticonvulsant Activity of EP-80317, a Ghrelin Receptor Antagonist. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:676. [PMID: 29018345 PMCID: PMC5614981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and other related peptides possess anticonvulsant activities. Although ghrelin and cognate peptides were shown to physiologically regulate only the ghrelin receptor, some of them were pharmacologically proved to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) through stimulation of the scavenger receptor CD36 in macrophages. In our study, we challenged the hypothesis that PPARγ could be involved in the anticonvulsant effects of EP-80317, a ghrelin receptor antagonist. For this purpose, we used the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 to evaluate the modulation of EP-80317 anticonvulsant properties in two different models. Firstly, the anticonvulsant effects of EP-80317 were studied in rats treated with pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus (SE). Secondly, the anticonvulsant activity of EP-80317 was ascertained in the repeated 6-Hz corneal stimulation model in mice. Behavioral and video electrocorticographic (ECoG) analyses were performed in both models. We also characterized levels of immunoreactivity for PPARγ in the hippocampus of 6-Hz corneally stimulated mice. EP-80317 predictably antagonized seizures in both models. Pretreatment with GW9662 counteracted almost all EP-80317 effects both in mice and rats. Only the effects of EP-80317 on power spectra of ECoGs recorded during repeated 6-Hz corneal stimulation were practically unaffected by GW9662 administration. Moreover, GW9662 alone produced a decrease in the latency of tonic-clonic seizures and accelerated the onset of SE in rats. Finally, in the hippocampus of mice treated with EP-80317 we found increased levels of PPARγ immunoreactivity. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that PPARγ is able to modulate seizures and mediates the anticonvulsant effects of EP-80317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lucchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Anna M Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Carmela Giordano
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Giulia Curia
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Marika Piat
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Leo
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Vinet
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Luc Brunel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, National School of Chemistry Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, National School of Chemistry Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules, National School of Chemistry Montpellier, University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-BicoccaMilan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Laboratory of Experimental Epileptology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
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21
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Simeone TA, Matthews SA, Simeone KA. Synergistic protection against acute flurothyl-induced seizures by adjuvant treatment of the ketogenic diet with the type 2 diabetes drug pioglitazone. Epilepsia 2017; 58:1440-1450. [PMID: 28555877 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously found that the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) contributes to the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet (KD), an established treatment for pediatric refractory epilepsy. We have found that the KD increases brain PPARγ and that inhibition or genetic loss of PPARγ prevents the antiseizure effects of the KD on (1) acutely induced seizures in nonepileptic mice and (2) spontaneous recurrent seizures in epileptic mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that adjuvant treatment of KD-treated mice with a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, would result in an additive effect. METHODS Acute seizures were induced in three groups of C57Bl/6 mice by inhalation exposure to flurothyl gas. In Group 1, mice were weaned onto either a standard diet or KD comprised of a fat:carbohydrate/protein ratio of either 6:1, 3:1, or 1:1 for 2 weeks. In Group 2, vehicle or pioglitazone (0.1, 1, 10, 80 mg/kg) was administered 4 h prior to flurothyl exposure. In Group 3, vehicle or increasing doses of pioglitazone were administered to KD-treated mice 4 h prior to flurothyl exposure. Latency times to clonic seizures and generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures were recorded, and isobolographic analysis was used to determine combinatorial interactions. RESULTS Neither KD treatment nor pioglitazone alone or in combination affected clonic seizures. However, the latency to GTC seizures was dose-dependently and significantly increased by both KD (~57%, p < 0.05) and pioglitazone (~28%, p < 0.05). Coadministration of an ineffective 1:1 KD and pioglitazone resulted in ~47-55% (p < 0.05) increase in latency to GTC. Isobolographic analysis indicated a synergistic interaction of the KD and pioglitazone. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest coadministration may enable reduction of the KD ratio without loss of seizure protection. Such adjuvant treatment could improve quality of life and limit adverse effects of a classic KD or high-dose pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Stephanie A Matthews
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Kristina A Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
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22
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Mansouri MT, Naghizadeh B, Ghorbanzadeh B, Alboghobeish S. Systemic and local anti-nociceptive effects of simvastatin in the rat formalin assay: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and nitric oxide. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1776-1785. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - Bahareh Naghizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy, Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences; Dezful Iran
| | - Soheila Alboghobeish
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
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Simeone TA, Matthews SA, Samson KK, Simeone KA. Regulation of brain PPARgamma2 contributes to ketogenic diet anti-seizure efficacy. Exp Neurol 2016; 287:54-64. [PMID: 27527983 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective therapy primarily used in pediatric patients whom are refractory to current anti-seizure medications. The mechanism of the KD is not completely understood, but is thought to involve anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant processes. The nutritionally-regulated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, PPARγ, regulates genes involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant pathways. Moreover, endogenous ligands of PPARγ include fatty acids suggesting a potential role in the effects of the KD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PPARγ contributes to the anti-seizure efficacy of the KD. We found that the KD increased nuclear protein content of the PPARγ2 splice variant by 2-4 fold (P<0.05) in brain homogenates from wild-type (WT) and epileptic Kv1.1 knockout (KO) mice, while not affecting PPARγ1. The KD reduced the frequency of seizures in Kv1.1KO mice by ~70% (P<0.01). GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, prevented KD-mediated changes in PPARγ2 expression and prevented the anti-seizure efficacy of the KD in Kv1.1KO mice. Further supporting the association of PPARγ2 in mediating KD actions, the KD significantly prolonged the latency to flurothyl-induced seizure in WT mice by ~20-35% (P<0.01), but was ineffective in PPARγ2KO mice and neuron-specific PPARγKO mice. Finally, administering the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone increased PPARγ2 expression by 2-fold (P<0.01) and reduced seizures in Kv1.1KO mice by ~80% (P<0.01). Our findings implicate brain PPARγ2 among the mechanisms by which the KD reduces seizures and strongly support the development of PPARγ2 as a therapeutic target for severe, refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Simeone
- Creighton University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, NE 68174, USA.
| | - Stephanie A Matthews
- Creighton University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, NE 68174, USA
| | - Kaeli K Samson
- Creighton University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, NE 68174, USA
| | - Kristina A Simeone
- Creighton University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, NE 68174, USA
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24
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Wong SB, Cheng SJ, Hung WC, Lee WT, Min MY. Rosiglitazone Suppresses In Vitro Seizures in Hippocampal Slice by Inhibiting Presynaptic Glutamate Release in a Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144806. [PMID: 26659605 PMCID: PMC4685987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor whose agonist, rosiglitazone has a neuroprotective effect to hippocampal neurons in pilocarpine-induced seizures. Hippocampal slice preparations treated in Mg2+ free medium can induce ictal and interictal-like epileptiform discharges, which is regarded as an in vitro model of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We applied rosiglitazone in hippocampal slices treated in Mg2+ free medium. The effects of rosiglitazone on hippocampal CA1-Schaffer collateral synaptic transmission were tested. We also examined the neuroprotective effect of rosiglitazone toward NMDA excitotoxicity on cultured hippocampal slices. Application of 10μM rosiglitazone significantly suppressed amplitude and frequency of epileptiform discharges in CA1 neurons. Pretreatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 did not block the effect of rosiglitazone on suppressing discharge frequency, but reverse the effect on suppressing discharge amplitude. Application of rosiglitazone suppressed synaptic transmission in the CA1-Schaffer collateral pathway. By miniature excitatory-potential synaptic current (mEPSC) analysis, rosiglitazone significantly suppressed presynaptic neurotransmitter release. This phenomenon can be reversed by pretreating PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Also, rosiglitazone protected cultured hippocampal slices from NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. The protective effect of 10μM rosiglitazone was partially antagonized by concomitant high dose GW9662 treatment, indicating that this effect is partially mediated by PPARγ receptors. In conclusion, rosiglitazone suppressed NMDA receptor-mediated epileptiform discharges by inhibition of presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Rosiglitazone protected hippocampal slice from NMDA excitotoxicity partially by PPARγ activation. We suggest that rosiglitazone could be a potential agent to treat patients with TLE.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Anilides/pharmacology
- Animals
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/pathology
- Culture Media/chemistry
- Culture Media/pharmacology
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/drug therapy
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/genetics
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/metabolism
- Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Magnesium/pharmacology
- Microtomy
- Models, Biological
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Neuroprotective Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- PPAR gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/genetics
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Rosiglitazone
- Seizures/drug therapy
- Seizures/genetics
- Seizures/metabolism
- Seizures/pathology
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
- Thiazolidinediones/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology
- Tissue Culture Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bing Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jhong Cheng
- Neuroscience Program in Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WTL); (MYM)
| | - Ming-Yuan Min
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WTL); (MYM)
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The influence of ovariectomy on anti-convulsant effect of pioglitazone in mice. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2015; 22:159-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Payandemehr B, Ebrahimi A, Gholizadeh R, Rahimian R, Varastehmoradi B, Gooshe M, Aghaei HN, Mousavizadeh K, Dehpour AR. Involvement of PPAR receptors in the anticonvulsant effects of a cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55,212-2. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 57:140-5. [PMID: 25448777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid and PPAR receptors show well established interactions in a set of physiological effects. Regarding the seizure-modulating properties of both classes of receptors, the present study aimed to evaluate the roles of the PPAR-gamma, PPAR-alpha and CB1 receptors on the anticonvulsant effects of WIN 55,212-2 (WIN, a non selective cannabinoid agonist). The clonic seizure thresholds after intravenous administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) were assessed in mice weighing 23-30 g. WIN increased the seizure threshold dose dependently. Pretreatment with pioglitazone, as a PPARγ agonist, potentiated the anticonvulsant effects of WIN, while PPARγ antagonist inhibited these anticonvulsant effects partially. On the other hand PPARα antagonist reduced the anticonvulsant effects of WIN significantly. Finally the combination of CB1 antagonist and PPARα antagonist could completely block the anticonvulsant properties of WIN. Taken together, these results show for the first time that a functional interaction exists between cannabinoid and PPAR receptors in the modulation of seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Payandemehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Gholizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahimian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bardia Varastehmoradi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Gooshe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nayeb Aghaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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shafizadeh M, Rajaba A, Imran khan M, Ostadhadi S, Rastegar H, Dehpour A. Anti-pruritic activity of pioglitazone on serotonin-induced scratching in mice: Possible involvement of PPAR-gamma receptor and nitric oxide. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. A novel treatment strategy for glioblastoma multiforme and glioma associated seizures: increasing glutamate uptake with PPARγ agonists. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:21-8. [PMID: 25439749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The established role of glutamate in the pathogenesis of glioma-associated seizures (GAS) led us to investigate a novel treatment method using an established drug class, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists. Previously, sulfasalazine has been shown to prevent release of glutamate from glioma cells and prevent GAS in rodent models. However, raising protein mediated glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) has not been investigated previously to our knowledge. PPAR gamma agonists are known to upregulate functional EAAT2 expression in astrocytes and prevent excitotoxicity caused by glutamate excess. These agents are also known to have anti-neoplastic mechanisms. Herein we discuss and review the potential mechanisms of these drugs and highlight a novel potential treatment for GAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Ching
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Gooshe M, Abdolghaffari AH, Aleyasin AR, Chabouk L, Tofigh S, Hassanzadeh GR, Payandemehr B, Partoazar A, Azizi Y, Dehpour AR. Hypoxia/ischemia a key player in early post stroke seizures: modulation by opioidergic and nitrergic systems. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:6-13. [PMID: 25449041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. All attempts at pharmacological reduction of the complications of stroke (e.g. post-stroke seizure, and brain׳s vulnerability to hypoxic/ischemic injury) have failed. Endogenous opioids and nitric oxide (NO) overproduction has been documented in brain hypoxia/ischemia (H/I), which can exert pro-convulsive effects. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible involvement of opioidergic and nitrergic pathways in the pathogenesis of post-stroke seizure. H/I was induced by right common carotid ligation and sham-operated mice served as controls. We demonstrated that right common carotid ligation decreases the threshold for clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a GABA antagonist. Furthermore, pro-convulsive effect of H/I following right common carotid ligation was blocked by naltrexone (NTX) (3mg/kg), NG-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (10mg/kg), and aminoguanidine (AG) (100mg/kg) administration (P<0.001). Interestingly, co-administration of non-effective doses of NTX and l-NAME (1 and 0.5mg/kg, respectively) reverses epileptogenesis of H/I (P<0.001). In the same way, co-administration of non-effective doses of NTX and AG (1 and 5mg/kg, respectively), reverses epileptogenesis of H/I (P<0.001). Indeed, the histological studies performed on mice exposed to H/I confirmed our previous data. These findings suggest hyper-susceptibility to PTZ induced seizure following H/I is mediated by interaction of opioidergic, and iNOS/NO pathways. Therefore, our results identify new pharmacological targets and provide the rationale for a novel strategy to promote recovery after stroke and possibly other brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Gooshe
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students׳ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Pharmacology and Applied Medicine, Department of Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; International Campus, ICTUMS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Aleyasin
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students׳ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Chabouk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Tofigh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Borna Payandemehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Azizi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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He K, Xiao W, Lv W. Comprehensive identification of essential pathways and transcription factors related to epilepsy by gene set enrichment analysis on microarray datasets. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:715-24. [PMID: 25016997 PMCID: PMC4121356 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures or convulsions, and is known to affect patients with primary brain tumors. The etiology of epilepsy is superficially thought to be multifactorial; however, the genetic factors which may be involved in the pathogenesis of seizures have not yet been elucidated, particularly at the pathway level. In the present study, in order to systematically investigate the gene regulatory networks involved in epilepsy, we employed a microarray dataset from the public database library of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) associated with tumor-induced epileptogenesis and applied gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on these data sets and performed candidate transcription factor (TF) selection. As a result, 68 upregulated pathways, including the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction (P=0.004) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways (P=0.045), as well as 4 downregulated pathways, including the GnRH signaling pathway (P=0.029) and gap junction (P=0.034) were identified as epileptogenesis-related pathways. The majority of these pathways identified have been previously reported and our results were in accordance with those reports. However, some of these pathways identified were novel. Finally, co-expression networks of the related pathways were constructed with the significant core genes and TFs, such as PPAR-γ and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein. The results of our study may contribute to the improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis on a genome-wide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Weizhong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Lv
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone prevents neuronal loss and attenuates development of spontaneous recurrent seizures through BDNF/TrkB signaling following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:405-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hrnčić D, Rašić-Marković A, Macut D, Šušić V, Djuric D, Stanojlović O. Homocysteine thiolactone-induced seizures in adult rats are aggravated by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:496-503. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113491510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine and its metabolites (homocysteine thiolactone (HT)) induce seizures via different but still not well-known mechanisms. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in epileptogenesis is highly contradictory and depends on, among other factors, the source of NO production. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of aminoguanidine, selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), on HT-induced seizures. Aminoguanidine (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) was injected to rats 30 min prior to inducing HT (5.5 mmol/kg, i.p.). Seizure behavior was assessed by seizure incidence, latency time to first seizure onset, number of seizure episodes, and their severity during observational period of 90 min. Number and duration of spike and wave discharges (SWDs) were determined in electroencephalogram (EEG). Seizure latency time was significantly shortened, while seizure incidence, number, and duration of HT-induced SWD in EEG significantly increased in rats receiving aminoguanidine 100 mg/kg before subconvulsive dose of HT. Aminoguanidine in a dose-dependent manner also significantly increased the number of seizure episodes induced by HT and their severity. It could be concluded that iNOS inhibitor (aminoguanidine) markedly aggravates behavioral and EEG manifestations of HT-induced seizures in rats, showing functional involvement of iNOS in homocysteine convulsive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hrnčić
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Rašić-Marković
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Macut
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Šušić
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Djuric
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - O Stanojlović
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Possible Involvement of PPAR-γ in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1624-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Babaei R, Javadi-Paydar M, Sharifian M, Mahdavian S, Almasi-Nasrabadi M, Norouzi A, Dehpour AR. Involvement of nitric oxide in pioglitazone memory improvement in morphine-induced memory impaired mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:313-21. [PMID: 22944106 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, which is clinically used in treating diabetic patients, has been recently reported to have crucial roles in improving cognition and memory performance. Since the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone are not entirely understood, the current study was designed to investigate the possible interaction of pioglitazone with morphine in memory-impaired mice and the probable role of nitric oxide (NO) in this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the experiments were performed in passive avoidance and Y-maze paradigms. To induce memory impairment, mice were administered morphine (1, 3 and 10mg/kg, s.c.) immediately before the training trial. Pioglitazone (20, 40 and 80mg/kg, p.o.) was gavaged 2h prior to the training trial. Further, an NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (10mg/kg, i.p.), or an inducible NO synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine (100mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before the training trial to determine the possible involvement of NO in the restorative effect of pioglitazone. RESULTS 1) Morphine dose dependently impaired the acquisition of spatial memory and passive avoidance task. 2) Treatment with pioglitazone significantly improved the memory performance in morphine-treated mice in both tests. 3) In the passive avoidance task, L-NAME, but not aminoguanidine, altered the effect of pioglitazone on morphine-induced memory impairment. 4) In Y-maze discrimination, the memory improving effect of pioglitazone was reversed by both NO synthase inhibitors, L-NAME and aminoguanidine. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate that the pioglitazone improving effect on the morphine-induced impairment of memory acquisition is at least in part through the NO pathway. It is suggested that in short term spatial recognition memory, both inducible and constitutive NO synthases are involved, but in the long term fear memory, only the constitutive NO synthases indicated a prominent role in the anti-amnestic effect of pioglitazone on morphine-induced memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Babaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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