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Saha P, Panda S, Holkar A, Vashishth R, Rana SS, Arumugam M, Ashraf GM, Haque S, Ahmad F. Neuroprotection by agmatine: Possible involvement of the gut microbiome? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102056. [PMID: 37673131 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Agmatine, an endogenous polyamine derived from L-arginine, elicits tremendous multimodal neuromodulant properties. Alterations in agmatinergic signalling are closely linked to the pathogeneses of several brain disorders. Importantly, exogenous agmatine has been shown to act as a potent neuroprotectant in varied pathologies, including brain ageing and associated comorbidities. The antioxidant, anxiolytic, analgesic, antidepressant and memory-enhancing activities of agmatine may derive from its ability to regulate several cellular pathways; including cell metabolism, survival and differentiation, nitric oxide signalling, protein translation, oxidative homeostasis and neurotransmitter signalling. This review briefly discusses mammalian metabolism of agmatine and then proceeds to summarize our current understanding of neuromodulation and neuroprotection mediated by agmatine. Further, the emerging exciting bidirectional links between agmatine and the resident gut microbiome and their implications for brain pathophysiology and ageing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Subhrajita Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Aayusha Holkar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Rahul Vashishth
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sandeep Singh Rana
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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Pang Y, Qin M, Hu P, Ji K, Xiao R, Sun N, Pan X, Zhang X. Resveratrol protects retinal ganglion cells against ischemia induced damage by increasing Opa1 expression. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1707-1720. [PMID: 32901846 PMCID: PMC7521588 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of idiopathic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leads to irreversible vision defects and is considered the primary characteristic of glaucoma. However, effective treatment strategies in terms of RGC neuroprotection remain elusive. In the present study, the protective effects of resveratrol on RGC apoptosis, and the mechanisms underlying its effects were investigated, with a particular emphasis on the function of optic atrophy 1 (Opa1). In an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model, the notable thinning of the retina, significant apoptosis of RGCs, reduction in Opa1 expression and long Opa1 isoform to short Opa1 isoform ratios (L-Opa1/S-Opa1 ratio) were observed, all of which were reversed by resveratrol administration. Serum deprivation resulted in reductions in R28 cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Opa1 expression and induced apoptosis, which were also partially reversed by resveratrol treatment. To conclude, results from the present study suggest that resveratrol treatment significantly reduced retinal damage and RGC apoptosis in I/R injury and serum deprivation models. In addition, resveratrol reversed the downregulated expression of Opa1 and reduced SOD activity. Mechanistically, resveratrol influenced mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the L-Opa1/S-Opa1 ratio. Therefore, these observations suggest that resveratrol may exhibit potential as a therapeutic agent for RGC damage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Qin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Piaopiao Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Kaibao Ji
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ruihan Xiao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nan Sun
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xinghui Pan
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Yan Y, Tong F, Chen J. Endogenous BMP-4/ROS/COX-2 Mediated IPC and Resveratrol Alleviated Brain Damage. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1030-1039. [PMID: 31113339 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190506120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the therapeutic role of combined ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and resveratrol (RES) on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury (BI/RI) by modulating endogenous bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4)/reactive oxygen species (ROS)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in rats. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with 20 mg/kg RES (20 mg/kg RES was administered once a day via intraperitoneal injection 7 days prior to the I/R procedure) and IPC (equal volumes of saline were administered once a day by intraperitoneal injection over 7 days, and the bilateral common carotid arteries were separated for clamp 5 minutes followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion prior to the I/R procedure), and then subjected to 2 hours of ischemia and 22 hours of reperfusion. Blood and cerebral tissues were collected, cerebral pathological injuries and infarct sizes were investigated, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ROS were calculated, the contents of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), IL-6, TNF-α and hemodynamic change were estimated, and expression levels of b-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), bcl-2-associated x (Bax), BMP-4 and COX-2 were assessed in cerebral tissues. IPC, RES and a combination of IPC and RES preconditioning ameliorated the pathological damage and infarct sizes, reduced cerebral oxidative stress damage, alleviated inflammatory damage, restrained apoptosis, and downregulated the expression levels of BMP-4 and COX-2 compared with those of the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group. This study suggested a combined strategy that could enhance protection against BI/RI in clinical brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Third Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jianer Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Third Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
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Kotagale NR, Taksande BG, Inamdar NN. Neuroprotective offerings by agmatine. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:228-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sahin K, Akdemir F, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Sahin N, Ozercan IH, Ali S, Yilmaz I, Juturu V. (3R, 3'R)-zeaxanthin protects the retina from photo-oxidative damage via modulating the inflammation and visual health molecular markers. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:161-168. [PMID: 30513212 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1554667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zeaxanthin protects the macula from ocular damage due to light or radiation by scavenging harmful reactive oxygen species. In the present study, zeaxanthin product (OmniXan®; OMX), derived from paprika pods (Capsicum annum; Family-Solanaceae), was tested for its efficacy in the rat retina against photooxidation. METHODS Forty-two male 8-week-old Wistar rats exposed to 12L/12D, 16L/8D and 24L/0D hours of intense light conditions were orally administrated either 0 or 100 mg/kg BW of zeaxanthin concentration. Retinal morphology was analyzed by histopathology, and target gene expressions were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. RESULTS OMX treatment significantly increased the serum zeaxanthin concentration (p < 0.001) and ameliorated oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities in the retina induced by light (p < 0.001). OMX administration significantly upregulated the expression of genes, including Rhodopsin (Rho), Rod arrestin (SAG), Gα Transducin 1 (GNAT-1), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), nuclear factor-(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) and decreased the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF- κB) and GFAP by OMX treatment rats. The histologic findings confirmed the antioxidant and gene expression data. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that OMX is a potent substance that can be used to protect photoreceptor cell degeneration in the retina exposed to intense light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- a Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science , Firat University , Elazig , Turkey.,b Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Fatih Akdemir
- b Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- a Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science , Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- c Division of Biology, Faculty of Science , Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Hasan Gencoglu
- c Division of Biology, Faculty of Science , Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- a Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science , Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Ozercan
- d Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Firat University , Elazig , Turkey
| | - Shakir Ali
- e Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi , India
| | - Ismet Yilmaz
- f Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Vijaya Juturu
- g Research and Development, OmniActive Health Technologies Inc , Morristown , NJ , USA
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Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. Resveratrol and exercise. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:525-530. [PMID: 27882212 PMCID: PMC5103661 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is recommended for a healthy lifestyle, moderate exercise is known to lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle injury. Hence there are efforts to develop dietary strategies to counter the oxidative stress caused by physical activity. Recently, there has been an interest in the capability of resveratrol (RES) to modulate physical performance and prevent oxidative stress. Despite the inconsistency among reports regarding the topic, it has been suggested that RES delays fatigue by hindering lipid peroxidation. It is hypothesized that RES administration produces favorable effects on hepatic cell rejuvenation, exerts a regulatory effect on glucose metabolism, and preserves liver glycogen reserves that are diminished during physical activity. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the association between RES and exercise. The aim of the current review is to interpret the association between RES and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltuk Bugra Baltaci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya 42031, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya 42031, Turkey
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Ramasamy S, Bennet D, Kim S. Drug and bioactive molecule screening based on a bioelectrical impedance cell culture platform. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5789-809. [PMID: 25525360 PMCID: PMC4266242 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s71128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will present a brief discussion on the recent advancements of bioelectrical impedance cell-based biosensors, especially the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system for screening of various bioactive molecules. The different technical integrations of various chip types, working principles, measurement systems, and applications for drug targeting of molecules in cells are highlighted in this paper. Screening of bioactive molecules based on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing is a trial-and-error process toward the development of therapeutically active agents for drug discovery and therapeutics. In general, bioactive molecule screening can be used to identify active molecular targets for various diseases and toxicity at the cellular level with nanoscale resolution. In the innovation and screening of new drugs or bioactive molecules, the activeness, the efficacy of the compound, and safety in biological systems are the main concerns on which determination of drug candidates is based. Further, drug discovery and screening of compounds are often performed in cell-based test systems in order to reduce costs and save time. Moreover, this system can provide more relevant results in in vivo studies, as well as high-throughput drug screening for various diseases during the early stages of drug discovery. Recently, MEMS technologies and integration with image detection techniques have been employed successfully. These new technologies and their possible ongoing transformations are addressed. Select reports are outlined, and not all the work that has been performed in the field of drug screening and development is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ramasamy
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Devasier Bennet
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea ; Graduate Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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