Salidroside influences the cellular cross-talk of human fetal lung diploid fibroblasts: A proteomic approach

Salidroside prevents cadmium chloride-induced DNA damage in human fetal lung fibroblasts

BACKGROUND

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant and a heavy metal known for its genotoxic effects, which can lead to cancer and other related diseases. Preventing Cd-induced genotoxicity is crucial; however, there is limited research on this topic. Salidroside (SAL), a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., is a popular medicinal compound with several health benefits. Nevertheless, its therapeutic effect on Cd-induced genotoxicity remains unexplored.

METHODS

Human fetal lung fibroblasts were treated with 20 μM Cd2+ (CdCl2) for 12 h and 5-20 μM SAL was used to test the anti-DNA damage effect. DNA damage was evaluated using γH2AX expression and the alkaline comet assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using flow cytometry.

RESULTS

Exposure to 20 μM Cd2+ for 12 h induced significant DNA damage in human fetal lung fibroblasts, and this effect was notably attenuated by SAL treatment. SAL treatment did not decrease ROS levels in cells treated with Cd2+.

CONCLUSION

SAL effectively prevented Cd2+-induced DNA damage in human fetal lung fibroblasts. However, the underlying mechanism requires further investigation.

The role of EEF1D in disease pathogenesis: a narrative review

Objective

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the role and mechanism of EEF1D in various diseases, especially in tumorigenesis and development, and explore the possibility of EEF1D as a biological target.

Background

EEF1D is a part of the EEF1 protein complex, which can produce four protein isoforms, of which three short isoforms are used as translation elongation factors. The three short isoforms play a role in anti-aging, regulating the cell cycle, and promoting the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, and the only long-form isoform plays a role in the development of the nervous system.

Methods

We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for literature up to January 2021 using relevant keywords, including “EEF1D”, “eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta”, “translation elongation factor”, “translation elongation factor and cancer”, and “translation elongation factor and nervous system disease”. We then created an overview of the literature and summarized the results of the paper.

Conclusions

Through the review of relevant articles, we found that EEF1D is obviously overexpressed in a variety of tumors, and can regulate the proliferation of tumor cells and tumor growth, as well as play a role in tumor invasion. EEF1D is likely to become a new biological target for tumor therapy and diagnosis.

Non-translational Connections of eEF1B in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus of Cancer Cells

The human translation machinery includes three types of supramolecular complexes involved in elongation of the polypeptide chain: the ribosome, complex of elongation factors eEF1B and multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex. Of the above, eEF1B is the least investigated assembly. Recently, a number of studies provided some insights into the structure of different eEF1B subunits and changes in their expression in cancer and other diseases. There is increasing agreement that possible disease-related functions of eEF1B are not necessarily related to its role in translation. This mini-review focuses on structural and functional features of the eEF1B complex while paying special attention to possible non-canonical functions of its subunits in cancer cells.