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Bulboaca AE, Boarescu PM, Porfire AS, Dogaru G, Barbalata C, Valeanu M, Munteanu C, Râjnoveanu RM, Nicula CA, Stanescu IC. The Effect of Nano-Epigallocatechin-Gallate on Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020172. [PMID: 32093214 PMCID: PMC7070619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The antioxidant properties of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), a green tea compound, have been already studied in various diseases. Improving the bioavailability of EGCG by nanoformulation may contribute to a more effective treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) metabolic consequences and vascular complications. The aim of this study was to test the comparative effect of liposomal EGCG with EGCG solution in experimental DM induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Method: 28 Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into four groups (7 animals/group): group 1—control group, with intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 1 mL saline solution (C); group 2—STZ administration by i.p. route (60 mg/100 g body weight, bw) (STZ); group 3—STZ administration as before + i.p. administration of EGCG solution (EGCG), 2.5 mg/100 g b.w. as pretreatment; group 4—STZ administration as before + i.p. administration of liposomal EGCG, 2.5 mg/100 g b.w. (L-EGCG). The comparative effects of EGCG and L-EGCG were studied on: (i) oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), indirect nitric oxide (NOx) synthesis, and total oxidative status (TOS); (ii) antioxidant status assessed by total antioxidant capacity of plasma (TAC), thiols, and catalase; (iii) matrix-metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9). Results: L-EGCG has a better efficiency regarding the improvement of oxidative stress parameters (highly statistically significant with p-values < 0.001 for MDA, NOx, and TOS) and for antioxidant capacity of plasma (highly significant p < 0.001 for thiols and significant for catalase and TAC with p < 0.05). MMP-2 and -9 were also significantly reduced in the L-EGCG-treated group compared with the EGCG group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: the liposomal nanoformulation of EGCG may serve as an adjuvant therapy in DM due to its unique modulatory effect on oxidative stress/antioxidant biomarkers and MMP-2 and -9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Elena Bulboaca
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 2-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul-Mihai Boarescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 2-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.-M.B.); (A.S.P.); (G.D.); Tel.: +40-752-921-725 (P.-M.B.); +40-264-595-770 (A.S.P.); +40-724-231-022 (G.D.)
| | - Alina Silvia Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 41, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.-M.B.); (A.S.P.); (G.D.); Tel.: +40-752-921-725 (P.-M.B.); +40-264-595-770 (A.S.P.); +40-724-231-022 (G.D.)
| | - Gabriela Dogaru
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Viilor Street, no. 46-50, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.-M.B.); (A.S.P.); (G.D.); Tel.: +40-752-921-725 (P.-M.B.); +40-264-595-770 (A.S.P.); +40-724-231-022 (G.D.)
| | - Cristina Barbalata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 41, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Valeanu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, no. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Munteanu
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, “BagdasarArseni” Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Berceni Street, no. 12, 041915 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Mioara Râjnoveanu
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, B.P. Hasdeu Street, no. 6, 400371 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ariadna Nicula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, no. 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Cristina Stanescu
- Department of Neurology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, no. 43, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Aseer KR, Silvester AJ, Kumar A, Choi MS, Yun JW. SPARC paucity alleviates superoxide-mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in diabetogenic hepatocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:874-895. [PMID: 28499910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is known to play a previously unappreciated role in diabetes, but its precise mechanism in liver/hepatocyte pathology remains unknown. Inhibition of SPARC is critical in resolving candidate pathogenic events such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are broadly considered for their roles in diabetes, and is capable of protecting functional hepatocytes. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating pathological correlations between SPARC and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat livers as well as cultured hepatocytes induced by diabetogenic stimuli. Under these conditions, transient SPARC silencing was carried out to investigate the role of SPARC in the pathogenesis of pro-diabetic hepatocyte damage and dysfunction. The constitutive expression of SPARC in hepatocytes was up-regulated under a diabetic environment. In addition, Nox4-dependent superoxide generation contributed to increased expression of SPARC, and this was inhibited by tiron and pharmacological or genetic inactivation of Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase. Remarkably, SPARC deficiency inhibited diabetic stimuli-induced elevation of superoxide production and resolved salient features of hepatocyte damage such as impaired cytoprotection, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. At the same time, links between SPARC, integrin-β1, Nox4-derived superoxide, and JNK signaling provide a basis for these phenotypes. Taken together with the observations that SPARC deficiency had protective effects on hepatocytes via a favorable inhibition profile, functional knowledge of SPARC may offer a unique therapeutic approach to preserve hepatocellular fate decisions in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanikkai Raja Aseer
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Anuj Kumar
- Bioinformatics and Documentation Laboratory, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea.
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Primary hepatocytes and their cultures in liver apoptosis research. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:199-212. [PMID: 24013573 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis not only plays a key role in physiological demise of defunct hepatocytes, but is also associated with a plethora of acute and chronic liver diseases as well as with hepatotoxicity. The present paper focuses on the modelling of this mode of programmed cell death in primary hepatocyte cultures. Particular attention is paid to the activation of spontaneous apoptosis during the isolation of hepatocytes from the liver, its progressive manifestation upon the subsequent establishment of cell cultures and simultaneously to strategies to counteract this deleterious process. In addition, currently applied approaches to experimentally induce controlled apoptosis in this in vitro setting for mechanistic research purposes and thereby its detection using relevant biomarkers are reviewed.
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Kavanagh K, Flynn DM, Nelson C, Zhang L, Wagner JD. Characterization and validation of a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model in the vervet monkey. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011; 63:296-303. [PMID: 21356321 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Streptozotocin (STZ), preferentially toxic to pancreatic beta cells, is commonly used to model Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in numerous species, including nonhuman primates. METHODS We induced DM in twenty vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) by intravenous administration of either 45 (n=8, STZ-45) or 55 mg/kg STZ (n=12, STZ-55); ten control (CTL) monkeys received saline. RESULTS Overall there was 15% mortality, likely secondary to renal toxicity. Twice-daily insulin therapy was initiated to maintain comparable glycemic control, confirmed by comparable glycated hemoglobin levels. Exogenous insulin requirements increased rapidly for 4weeks; STZ-45 insulin doses stabilized thereafter while STZ-55 doses continued to increase through 16weeks. Glucose tolerance testing and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion confirmed 80-90% reduction in pancreatic beta cell function in both groups. Body weight was reduced in all STZ monkeys, with return to baseline only in STZ-45 at 16 wks. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were noted in the STZ-55 group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) was also increased with STZ-55 (p < 0.05 vs. CTL) whereas STZ-45 ALKP elevation resolved by study end. Red cell parameters were reduced in all STZ monkeys, but more severely in the STZ-55 group. DISCUSSION We have demonstrated that a model of DM can be induced and maintained in vervets with a single dose of STZ. The lower dose of STZ (45 mg/kg) significantly improved the toxicity profile without altering efficacy in inducing DM. Finally, sufficient time following induction is recommended to allow transient renal, hepatic and hematologic parameters to resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Shackel NA, Seth D, Haber PS, Gorrell MD, McCaughan GW. The hepatic transcriptome in human liver disease. COMPARATIVE HEPATOLOGY 2006; 5:6. [PMID: 17090326 PMCID: PMC1665460 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5926-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptome is the mRNA transcript pool in a cell, organ or tissue with the liver transcriptome being amongst the most complex of any organ. Functional genomics methodologies are now being widely utilized to study transcriptomes including the hepatic transcriptome. This review outlines commonly used methods of transcriptome analysis, especially gene array analysis, focusing on publications utilizing these methods to understand human liver disease. Additionally, we have outlined the relationship between transcript and protein expressions as well as summarizing what is known about the variability of the transcriptome in non-diseased liver tissue. The approaches covered include gene array analysis, serial analysis of gene expression, subtractive hybridization and differential display. The discussion focuses on primate whole organ studies and in-vitro cell culture systems utilized. It is now clear that there are a vast number research opportunities for transcriptome analysis of human liver disease as we attempt to better understand both non-diseased and disease hepatic mRNA expression. We conclude that hepatic transcriptome analysis has already made significant contributions to the understanding of human liver pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Shackel
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Devanshi Seth
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul S Haber
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2005. [PMCID: PMC2447491 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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