Decursin induces apoptosis by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase and Bax/Bcl- 2 pathway in HepG2 cell line

Kinases and their derived inhibitors from natural products

Protein kinase dysregulation is a hallmark of many cancers, yet their tumorigenic mechanisms remain elusive despite 60 years of study. Since learning that their mechanism includes catalyzing phosphorylation of amino acids in protein substrates, researchers began devising their inhibition strategies. Initially, protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) derived from natural products were employed despite high cytotoxicity risks. While synthetic PKIs proved less toxic, they face significant drug resistance challenges. This review examines the progress in understanding protein kinases' role in cancer, their classification and modes of action since their discovery. To illuminate the path towards less toxic yet highly effective kinase inhibitors, this study analyzes the synthesis and modification of all FDA-approved natural product derived kinase inhibitors (NPDKIs) as well as those that failed clinical trials. By providing insights into successful and unsuccessful approaches, this review also aims to advance medicinal chemistry strategies for developing more effective and safer PKIs, potentially improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Gallic acid as a key substance to inhibit proliferation and adipogenesis in bovine subcutaneous adipocyte

Gallic acid (GA) is a widespread naturally occurring phenolic acid and one of the main active monomers that forms polyphenols such as tannins. In recent years, GA has been found as a potential regulator in lipid metabolism. However, effects and possible mechanisms of GA on cell growth and lipid metabolism of bovine subcutaneous adipocytes remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether GA could affect proliferation and adipogenesis of subcutaneous adipocyte in beef cattle. We found that GA possesses inhibitive effects on proliferation and adipogenesis of bovine subcutaneous adipocyte via activating the metabolic master factor AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) to promote programmed cell death and lipolysis. The findings prove GA is a key substance to inhibit proliferation and adipogenesis of bovine subcutaneous adipocyte in vitro. Further in vivo study needs conducted to verify the reductive effects of GA on subcutaneous fat in beef cattle.