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Grönroos T, Kontto J, Kouvonen A, Latvala TA, Partonen T, Salonen AH. Somatic and psychiatric comorbidity in people with diagnosed gambling disorder: A Finnish nation-wide register study. Addiction 2024; 119:2015-2022. [PMID: 38962810 DOI: 10.1111/add.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This is the first nation-wide register study based on a total population sample measuring the gender-specific incidences of chronic diseases and conditions among adults diagnosed with gambling disorder (GD). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study used aggregated data for 2011-22 retrieved from the Register of Primary Health Care visits, Care Register for Health Care and Care Register for Social Welfare, including specialized outpatient and inpatient health care, inpatient social care and institutional care and housing services with 24-hour or part-time assistance, set in mainland Finland. Participants comprised people aged 18-90+ years with GD diagnosis [corresponding to pathological gambling, International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) code F63.0, n = 3605; men n = 2574, women n = 1031] and the general population (n = 4 374 192). MEASUREMENTS Incidences of somatic diseases and psychiatric disorders were calculated for the people with diagnosed GD and for the general population, separately for women and men. FINDINGS After standardizing for age, the incidence of each diagnostic group was systematically higher for people with GD compared with the general population, except for cancer. The highest standardized incidence ratio (SIR) values were for psychiatric disorders [SIR = 234.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 226.1-242.4], memory disorders (SIR = 172.1; 95% CI = 119.1-234.8), nervous system diseases (SIR = 162.8; 95% CI = 152.8-173.1), chronic respiratory diseases (SIR = 150.6; 95% CI = 137.6-164.2), diabetes (SIR = 141.4; 95% CI = 127.9-155.5) and digestive diseases (SIR = 134.5; 95% CI = 127.1-142.2). CONCLUSIONS In Finland, the incidence of chronic diseases and conditions among people with gambling disorder is higher compared with the general population, apart from cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grönroos
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kontto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tiina A Latvala
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne H Salonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Woodhall-Melnik J, Matheson FI. Commentary on Vandenberg et al.: The next step of developing and testing evidence-based interventions for older adults who experience problem gambling and homelessness. Addiction 2022; 117:1713-1714. [PMID: 35332967 DOI: 10.1111/add.15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Woodhall-Melnik
- University of New Brunswick Saint John-Social Science, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Flora I Matheson
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Burley CV, Burns K, Brodaty H. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to reduce disinhibited behaviors in dementia: a systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:335-351. [PMID: 35331345 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disinhibited behaviors in dementia are associated with multiple negative outcomes. However, effective interventions are under-researched. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of intervention studies that report outcome measures of disinhibited behaviors in dementia. DESIGN Systematic searches of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO, Social Work Abstracts and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial databases were conducted for publications published between 2002 and March 2020. We included hand-searched reviews, original articles, case reports, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). All studies were rated for research quality. Statistical and clinical significance were considered for individual studies. Effect sizes were included where provided or calculated where possible. Mean effect sizes were calculated for RCTs only. PARTICIPANTS The systematic review included studies involving people living with dementia. MEASUREMENTS The Neuropsychiatric Inventory disinhibition subscale was used most often. RESULTS Nine pharmacological and 21 nonpharmacological intervention studies utilized different theoretical/clinical approaches. These included pain management, antidepressants, models of care, education and/or training, music-based approaches, and physical activity. The quality of research in RCTs was strong with a greater effect size in nonpharmacological compared to pharmacological approaches (mean Cohen's d = 0.49 and 0.27, respectively). Disinhibition was a secondary outcome in all studies. CONCLUSION Pharmacological (including pain management and antidepressants) and, more so, nonpharmacological (models of care, education/training, physical activity, and music) approaches were effective in reducing disinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Burley
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Burns
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Background: Cotard syndrome is a rare condition whose main feature is a nihilistic delusion ranging from the denial of body parts to that of the existence of one's own life or even the entire universe. Objectives: The aim of this article is to review the nosological significance of Cotard syndrome and to explore the disorder among patients with dementia. Methods: Medline and Google Scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published before 2018. Search terms used included Cotard delusion, Cotard syndrome and dementia, nihilistic delusion. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. Results and conclusion: In this narrative review we emphasise the fact that cases of Cotard syndrome involving patients with dementia are reported quite infrequently. Published studies are limited to very short series or isolated cases. Clinicians are obliged to treat the disorder. They should be alert to the potential high risk inherent in this condition. Keypoints Cotard syndrome is a rare condition characterised by nihilistic delusions that may range from negation of existence of parts of the body to delusion of being dead. The prevalence and incidence of this rare syndrome are not known. Since Cotard's syndrome is conceptualised as part of an underlying disorder, several psychiatric and somatic diseases have been associated with the syndrome. The syndrome may occur in patients suffering from dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cipriani
- a Neurology Unit, Versilia Hospital , Lido di Camaiore , Italy.,b Psychiatry Unit, Versilia Hospital , Lido di Camaiore , Italy
| | - Angelo Nuti
- a Neurology Unit, Versilia Hospital , Lido di Camaiore , Italy
| | - Sabrina Danti
- c Psychology Unit , Hospital of Pontedera , Pontedera , Italy
| | - Lucia Picchi
- d Psychology Unit , Hospital of Livorno , Livorno , Italy
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Cipriani G, Abdel-Gawad N, Danti S, Di Fiorino M. A Contagious Disorder: Folie à Deux and Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:415-422. [PMID: 29772920 PMCID: PMC10852512 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518772060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folie à deux is a clinical condition that was first described in 19th century. It is a psychotic disorder in which two closely associated individuals share a similar delusional system. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to review the nosological significance of folie à deux and to explore the disorder among patients with dementia. METHODS Medline and Google Scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters, and books published before 2017. Search terms used included dementia, folie à deux, induced delusional disorder, neurocognitive disorders, shared psychotic disorder. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Cases of Folie à deux involving patients with dementia are reported quite infrequently. Most of the studies on the topic consist in case reports. Clinicians are obliged to treat the disorder. They should be alert to the potential high risk inherent this psychotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cipriani
- Department of Neurology, Versilia Hospital, Lucca, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Versilia Hospital, Lucca, Italy
| | - Noha Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sabrina Danti
- Department of Neurology, Versilia Hospital, Lucca, Italy
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Cipriani G, Danti S, Nuti A, Lucetti C, Di Fiorino M. Uncommon and/or bizarre features of dementia. Part II. Acta Neurol Belg 2018; 118:187-191. [PMID: 29569177 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-0913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, clinicians have recognized that dementia may appear as atypical or variant syndromes, as well as the typical form. This study aimed at describing uncommon or bizarre symptoms/syndromes observed in patients suffering from dementia. Medline and Google scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters, and books published before 2017. Search terms used included delusional jealousy, delusion of pregnancy, dementia, erotomania, folie à deux, and lycanthropy. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. The uncommon symptoms/syndromes were described as case reports and there were no systematic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cipriani
- Department of Neurology, Versilia Hospital, Via Aurelia 335, 55041, Lido Di Camaiore, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, Versilia Hospital, Via Aurelia 335, 55041, Lido Di Camaiore, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Danti
- Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, Pontedera Hospital, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Angelo Nuti
- Department of Psychology, Pontedera Hospital, Via Roma 151, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Claudio Lucetti
- Department of Psychology, Pontedera Hospital, Via Roma 151, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Mario Di Fiorino
- Department of Psychiatry, Versilia Hospital, Via Aurelia 335, 55041, Lido Di Camaiore, Italy
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Cipriani G, Nuti A, Danti S, Picchi L, Di Fiorino M. Uncommon and/or bizarre features of dementia: Part III. Acta Neurol Belg 2018; 118:211-216. [PMID: 29721853 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-0936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical neurologists have long recognized that dementia can present as atypical or variant syndromes/symptoms. This study aimed at describing uncommon or bizarre symptoms/syndromes observed in patients suffering from dementia. Medline and Google scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters, and books published before 2018. Search terms used included compulsion, dementia, extracampine hallucination, disordered gambling, humour, and obsession. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. The uncommon/bizarre feature of dementia was described as case reports and there were no systematic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cipriani
- Department of Neurology, Versilia Hospital, Via Aurelia, Lido di Camaiore, Camaiore, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, Versilia Hospital, Camaiore, Italy.
| | - Angelo Nuti
- Department of Neurology, Versilia Hospital, Via Aurelia, Lido di Camaiore, Camaiore, Italy
| | - Sabrina Danti
- Psychology Unit, Hospital of Pontedera, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Lucia Picchi
- Psychology Unit, Hospital of Livorno, Leghorn, Italy
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