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Effects of Phosphorus and Boron Compounds on Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy Properties of Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194005. [PMID: 36235953 PMCID: PMC9573513 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While plastics are regarded as the most resourceful materials nowadays, ranging from countless utilities including protective or decorating coatings, to adhesives, packaging materials, electronic components, paintings, furniture, insulating composites, foams, building blocks and so on, their critical limitation is their advanced flammability, which in fire incidents can result in dramatic human fatalities and irreversible environmental damage. Herein, epoxy-based composites with improved flame-resistant characteristics have been prepared by incorporating two flame retardant additives into epoxy resin, namely 6-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine-6-oxide (PFR) and boric acid (H3BO3). The additional reaction of 9,10-dihydro-oxa-10-phosphophenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to the carbonyl group of benzaldehyde yielded PFR, which was then used to prepare epoxy composites having a phosphorus content ranging from 1.5 to 4 wt%, while the boron content was 2 wt%. The structure, morphology, thermal stability and flammability of resulted epoxy composites were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the simultaneous incorporation of PFR and H3BO3 improved the thermal stability of the char residue at high temperatures. The surface morphology of the char residues, studied by SEM measurements, showed improved characteristics in the case of the samples containing both phosphorus and boron atoms. The MCC tests revealed a significant reduction in flammability as well as a significant decrease in heat release capacity for samples containing both PFR and H3BO3 compared to the neat epoxy thermoset.
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Fire-retardant properties of functionalised graphene nanoplatelets/modified polybutadiene hybrid composite material: a technical note. J RUBBER RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-022-00148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Liu SH, Ke CY, Chiang CL. Thermal Stability, Smoke Density, and Flame Retardance of Ecotype Bio-Based Flame Retardant Agricultural Waste Bagasse/Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172977. [PMID: 34503018 PMCID: PMC8434128 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, agricultural waste bagasse was used as a bio-based flame retardant for reducing the flammability of epoxy. Specifically, an interpenetrating network (IPN) was formed through a ring opening reaction between the hydroxyl functional group of bagasse and the epoxy group of triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), forming Bagasse@TGIC. Next, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) was mixed with Bagasse@TGIC, inducing a reaction between the active hydrogen of DOPO and the epoxy group of TGIC, ultimately forming Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO with an IPN structure. Finally, the novel flame retardant was added to epoxy to create a composite. The integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) of pure epoxy is 619 °C; after the introduction of the 30 wt% flame retardant, the IPDT of the resultant composite material increased to 799 °C, greatly increasing the thermal stability by 29%. After the addition of the Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO flame retardant, the limiting oxygen index increased from 21% for the pure epoxy to 29% for the composite, and the UL-94 rating improved from failing rating for the pure epoxy and V-0 rating for the composite. The Raman spectrum indicated that the addition of Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO IPN substantially increased the biochar yield during the burning process, increasing thermal stability. These results confirmed that the epoxy/Bagasse@TGIC@DOPO composite had substantial flame retarding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hao Liu
- Department of Ammunition Engineering and Explosion Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
| | - Cing-Yu Ke
- Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Lung Chiang
- Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2631-8652-4008
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4
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Serbezeanu D, Macsim AM, Carja ID, Hamciuc C, Pislaru M, Vlad-Bubulac T. Liquid crystalline hyperbranched polyesters with phosphorus functional groups. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320960532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline hyperbranched poly(aryl ester)s (A2B3) were prepared by polycondensation reaction of 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz<c,e><1,2>oxaphosphorin-6-yl)1,4-naphthalene diol with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride, taken in two different molar ratios. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized hyperbranched polymers was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy. The polymers exhibited high thermal stability with initial decomposition temperature above 410–435°C and char yield at 700°C higher than 40%. Combined differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out to closely examine their thermal behavior and phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Serbezeanu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Macsim
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Corneliu Hamciuc
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
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5
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Effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles on thermal decomposition of cyanate ester resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Vini R, Thenmozhi S, Murugavel SC. Synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation kinetics of azomethine-based halogen-free flame-retardant polyphosphonates. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317752073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, azomethine polyphosphonates were synthesized by solution polycondensation of phenylphosphonic dichloride with various azomethine diols such as [4-(4-hydroxy phenyl) iminomethyl] phenol, [(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) iminomethyl)] phenol and [4-(4-hydroxy-3-ethoxy phenyl) iminomethyl] phenol using triethylamine catalyst at ambient temperature. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H-, 13C- and 31P- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Thermal properties of the polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry under nitrogen atmosphere. The TGA data showed that the synthesized polyphosphonates produce high char yield at 600°C due to the presence of phosphorous atom in the polymer chain and hence have good flame-retardant properties. One of the synthesized polyphosphonate was blended with commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) resin in various weight percentage and cured with commercial curing agent triethylene tetramine (TETA). The polyphosphonates-blended epoxy thermosets have tensile strength in the range of 5–41 MPa and the percentage of elongation at breaks was 4–18. It was found that the incorporation of polyphosphonates into epoxy thermoset decreased the tensile strength from 41 MPa to 5 MPa, whereas the elongation at break value increased with increase in the weight percentage of polyphosphonate. The influence of polyphosphonates on the flame retardancy of blended thermosets was examined by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL-94) tests and found that the polymer samples achieved an increased UL-94 rating and the LOI values were in the range of 24–26. Broido and Horowitz–Metzger methods have been used to study the thermal degradation kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vini
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Thenmozhi
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - SC Murugavel
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Latha G, Natarajan M, Murugavel SC. Synthesis and characterization of cardo-based phosphorous–containing flame-retardant aromatic polyesters. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315623351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorous-containing cardo polyesters were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of phenylphosphonic dichloride with various bisphenols using a phase-transfer catalyst at ambient temperature. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and proton, carbon 13, and phosphorous 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. The thermal properties of the polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry under nitrogen atmosphere. All the polyesters showed high thermal stability, the maximum decomposition temperature being in the range of 475–523°C. The TGA data showed that all the synthesized phosphorous-containing polyesters produce high char yield at 700°C due to the presence of phosphorous atom in the polymer chain and hence have good flame-retardant properties. The synthesized phosphorus-containing polyesters have tensile strength in the range of 38.2–48 MPa, and the percentage of elongation at breaks of 3.3–16.8. The flame retardancy of all synthesized polymers was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL-94) tests. The results showed that the synthesized polymers have excellent flame retardancy, that is, the polymer samples achieved an increased UL-94 rating and the LOI values were in the range of 28.5–34. Broido model has been used to study the thermal degradation kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Latha
- Department of Chemistry, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Natarajan
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - SC Murugavel
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Rimez B, Van Assche G, Bourbigot S, Rahier H. Modelled decomposition kinetics of flame retarded poly(vinyl acetate). Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Yang SW, Lee SH, Lim DH, Yoo DJ, Kang Y. Synthesis Characteristics of ZnO Powder from Precursors Composed of Nitrate-Citrate Compounds. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2016.54.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Jeon JS, Lee JH, Yoon CH, Yoo DJ, Lim DH, Kang Y. Thermal Characteristics of LaMnO 3Non-isothermal Synthesis Reaction. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2016.54.3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Hamciuc C, Vlad-Bubulac T, Serbezeanu D, Carja ID, Hamciuc E, Lisa G, Pérez VF. Environmentally friendly fire-resistant epoxy resins based on a new oligophosphonate with high flame retardant efficiency. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New fire resistant epoxy resins were prepared. The kinetic processing of thermogravimetric data was performed using Friedman and Vyazovkin methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Hamciuc
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- 700487 Iasi
- Romania
| | | | - Diana Serbezeanu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- 700487 Iasi
- Romania
| | | | - Elena Hamciuc
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- 700487 Iasi
- Romania
| | - Gabriela Lisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi
- 700050 Iasi
- Romania
| | - Vicente Forrat Pérez
- Technological Institute of Construction Marble Technical Unit (AIDICO)
- 03660 Novelda-Alicante
- Spain
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12
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Elumalai S, Somasundaran D, Guhanathan S. Synthetic investigation of glycine catalyzed triarylimidazole based organophosphorous heterocyclic functionalized vinyl polymer - A green approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 121:116-120. [PMID: 25943442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, an efficient and environmentally adopted synthesis of triaryl substituted imidazole in one-pot was reported. The multicomponent reaction between various aldehydes, benzil, benzoin, ammonium acetate and glycine under solvent free condition has been explained. Instead of using toxic reagents for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, Glycine has been selected as a green catalyst due to simple work-up procedure, shorter reaction time and high yield. The synthesized imidazole derivatives on further treatment with phosphorous oxychloride resulted in an organophosphorous containing N-heterocyclic compound (N-P) thus by altering acidic hydrogen of imidazole. Further, N-P was reacted with polyvinyl alcohol resulted into organophosphorous N-heterocyclic vinyl polymers. The synthesized vinyl polymers were characterized using, FTIR, NMR and Mass spectral studies. Results of the spectral studies were well supported the formation of the compounds. Thermal stability have also been studied using TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elumalai
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Government Arts College, Vellore 632002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - D Somasundaran
- Department of Chemistry, Voorhees College, Vellore 632001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Guhanathan
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Government Arts College, Vellore 632002, Tamilnadu, India.
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13
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Two novel phosphorus–nitrogen-containing halogen-free flame retardants of high performance for epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Wei P, Wang L, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Nonisothermal and isothermal oxidative degradation behavior of thermotropic liquid crystal polyesters containing kinked bisphenol AF and bisphenol A units. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314535645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The polyester P–bisphenol AF 2.5 (BPAF 2.5) and P-bisphenol A 2.5 (BPA 2.5) with low melting temperature and high glass transition temperature can be obtained by introducing 2.5 mol% BPAF/BPA and terephthalic acid (TA) units respectively into the molecular chain of poly(oxybenzoate- co-oxynaphthoate) (P-HBA70). In this study, the nonisothermal and isothermal oxidative degradation behavior of polyester P-BPA2.5 and P-BPAF2.5 were investigated comparatively with parent polyester P-HBA70 by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy measurements. The introduction of BPAF/BPA units into the molecular chain of P-HBA70 strongly influenced the degradation behavior of polyesters. Four multiple heating rate methods including Kissinger, Kim–Park, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Friedman methods were applied to evaluate the dynamic thermal stability successfully. The following order of the activation energy values: P-BPAF2.5 > P-HBA70 > P-BPA2.5 can be found for the three samples. However, from the results obtained by the standard isoconversional method, the P-BPA2.5 showed a better thermal stability as compared to P-BPAF2.5 under isothermal atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Sava I, Burescu A, Lisa G. Study of thermal behavior of polyimides containing pendent-substituted azobenzene units. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Burescu AI, Sava I, Bruma M, Lisa G. Study of the thermal decomposition of some azopolyimides. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313498787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition of some polyimides containing pendent azobenzene groups was investigated with dynamic thermogravimetric analysis. Thermal degradation of azopolyimides took place in two or three steps. Traditional nonisothermal experiments involved linearizing an equation in some manner and fitting the resulting straight line to obtain the activation energy ( Ea). The variation in activation energy with conversion degree of these polymers, obtained from two different kinetic methods, such as Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Friedman, were compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ion Sava
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Bruma
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Lisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Iasi, Romania
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17
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Filip D, Macocinschi D, Gradinaru L. Thermal and surface characteristics of some β-cyclodextrin-based side-chain azo amphiphilic polyurethanes. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Karpagam S, Guhanathan S. Flame-retardant and morphological analysis of nitrogen heterocycle-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) and their application for adsorption of heavy metal ions. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Mahmoud WE, Al-Ghamdi A, Kadi MW. The influence of γ-rays irradiation on the structure and crystallinity of heteropoly acid doped PVA. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Yildirim Y, Doğan B, Muğlali S, Saltan F, Özkan M, Akat H. Synthesis, characterization, and thermal degradation kinetic of polystyrene-g-polycaprolactone. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Tailoring porous structure of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) by controlling solvent/polymer ratio and solvent evaporation rate. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Sencadas V, Costa CM, Botelho G, Caparrós C, Ribeiro C, Gómez-Ribelles JL, Lanceros-Mendez S. Thermal Properties of Electrospun Poly(Lactic Acid) Membranes. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.597325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sencadas
- a Centro/Departamento de Física , Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - C. M. Costa
- b CeNTI—Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials , Vila Nova de Famalicão , Portugal
| | - G. Botelho
- c Departamento Química, Centro de Química , Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - C. Caparrós
- b CeNTI—Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials , Vila Nova de Famalicão , Portugal
| | - C. Ribeiro
- a Centro/Departamento de Física , Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - J. L. Gómez-Ribelles
- d Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular , Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
- e Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia , Spain
- f CIBER en Bioingeniería , Biomateriales y Nanomedicina , Valencia , Spain
| | - S. Lanceros-Mendez
- a Centro/Departamento de Física , Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
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23
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Petreus O, Lisa G, Avram E, Rosu D. Thermal degradation and pyrolysis study of phosphorus-containing polysulfones. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Hamciuc C, Hamciuc E, Serbezeanu D, Vlad-Bubulac T, Cazacu M. Phosphorus-containing poly(ester-imide)-polydimethylsiloxane copolymers. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Serbezeanu D, Vlad-Bubulac T, Hamciuc C, Aflori M. Synthesis and properties of novel phosphorus-containing thermotropic liquid crystalline copoly(ester imide)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Yu L, Zhang S, Liu W, Zhu X, Chen X, Chen X. Improving the flame retardancy of PET fabric by photo-induced grafting. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Hamciuc C, Hamciuc E, Serbezeanu D, Vlad-Bubulac T. Thermal and optical properties of some phosphorus-containing poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole-ester-imide)s. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Babacan V, Aksoy S, Yerlikaya Z, Altinok H. Thermal and morphological properties of thermotropic liquid-crystalline copolyesters containing poly(ethylene terephthalate), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and main-chain rigid aromatic units. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Serbezeanu D, Vlad-Bubulac T, Hamciuc C, Aflori M. Structure and Properties of Phosphorous-Containing Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Synthesis and properties of new aromatic copolyesters containing phosphorous cyclic bulky groups. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Wang B, Yao Y, Peng J, Lin Y, Liu W, Luo Y, Xiang R, Li R, Wu D. Preparation of poly(ester imide) ultrafine fibers by gas-jet/electrospinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Petreus O, Avram E, Serbezeanu D. Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus-containing polysulfone. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vlad-Bubulac T, Hamciuc C. Aliphatic–aromatic copolyesters containing phosphorous cyclic bulky groups. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Karpagam S, Thangaraj R, Guhanathan S. Functional modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) through phosphorus containing nitrogen heterocyclic moieties. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lee KY, Kim KY. 60Co γ-ray irradiation effect and degradation behaviors of a carbon nanotube and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yikici M, Yerlikaya Z, Aksoy S, Altinok H. Effect of Polycondensation Reaction Conditions on the Properties of Thermotropic Liquid‐Crystalline Copolyester. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320802168744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of new aromatic polyesters and poly(ester-imide)s containing phosphorous cyclic bulky groups. Polym Bull (Berl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-008-0901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Petreus O, Vlad-Bubulac T, Hamciuc C. New Polyesterimides Containing Bulky, Cyclic Phosphorus Groups. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008307081331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new phosphorus-containing monomer, bis( N-hydroxyethyl-phthalimidyl)-bis(9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-oxide-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-yl)methane, that contains preformed imide rings and flexible linking groups was synthesized. This compound was used to synthesize new phosphorus-containing polyesterimides by solution polycondensation with various aromatic diacide chlorides such as terephthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl-bis-(4-oxybenzoylchloride), 4-chloroformyl- N( p-chloroformylphenyl)-phthalimide and 2,2-bis(4-chloroformyl- N-phthalimidyl)-diphenylmethane. The rates of the polycondensation reactions were calculated from kinetic investigations. The polymers were readily soluble in polar organic solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide and N, N-dimethylformamide. The polymers were analytically, spectrally and thermally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Petreus
- 'P. Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487, Iasi, Romania,
| | - Tachita Vlad-Bubulac
- 'P. Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Corneliu Hamciuc
- 'P. Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, 700487, Iasi, Romania
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Abstract
Poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole-ether)s containing isopropylidene, hexafluoroisopropylidene, cyclohexylidene, fluorene, phthalide or phenylquinoxaline groups have been prepared by nucleophilic substitution polymerization technique of 2,5-bis( p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole with various aromatic bisphenols. The thermal decomposition behavior of the polymers was studied using thermogravimetric analysis in air, at several heating rates: 6, 10 and 14° C min . The polymers showed high thermo-oxidative stability with decomposition temperature corresponding to 5% weight loss above 380°C. The kinetic processing of data was carried out using the Coats—Redfern, Reich—Levi, Flyn—Wall and Kissinger methods.
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