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Yue J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xu S. Experimental investigation of influence of amide polymer on loess for subgrade. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12229. [PMID: 38806533 PMCID: PMC11133324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of moisture and drying shrinkage can lead to uneven settlement, cracking, and other diseases in loess subgrade. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of amide polymer (AP) on the permeability, mechanical properties and crack resistance of loess by orthogonal experiments. The basic properties of AP and the permeability, mechanical properties, and dry-wet variation properties of polymer-modified loess were tested, and a scale model verification and simulation analysis were conducted. In this paper, water migration in subgrade is regulated by improving the water sensitivity of loess. By reducing the variation range of subgrade water content, the stress accumulation in subgrade caused by water is weakened. The results show that the curing time and mechanical properties of AP are directly affected by the oxidant and reducing agent, and the mechanical properties of AP are compatible with the characteristics of loess. AP filled the grain gap and reduced the permeability of loess by 34.05-280.83%. The ductility of polymer-modified loess is significantly increased, and the strain of peak strength is increased by 17.21-126.36%. AP can regulate moisture change, reduce the surface tension between particles, and reduce stress concentration. The strength loss rate was reduced by 19.98-51.21% by enhancing the cracking resistance and weakening the strength loss caused by dry and wet cycling. The increase of upper layer moisture content in the scale model of polymer-modified loess subgrade is reduced by 31.38-36.11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Yue
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yage Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, North Section of Jinming Avenue, Longting District, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
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Shao GQ, Zhang H, Xu D, Wu FF, Jin YM, Yang N, Yu KJ, Xu XM. Insights into starch-based gels: Selection, fabrication, and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128864. [PMID: 38158059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Starch a natural polymer, has made significant advancements in recent decades, offering superior performance and versatility compared to synthetic materials. This review discusses up-to-date diverse applications of starch gels, their fabrication techniques, and their advantages over synthetic materials. Starch gels renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, scalability, and affordability make them attractive. Also, advanced theoretical foundations and emerging industrial technologies could further expand their scope and functions inspiring new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Shao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Huang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, 6 Longzihu North Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Feng-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ya-Mei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ke-Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Noordergraaf IW, Witono JR, Heeres HJ. Grafting Starch with Acrylic Acid and Fenton's Initiator: The Selectivity Challenge. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:255. [PMID: 38257054 PMCID: PMC10818371 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Through the graft polymerization of acrylic monomers onto starch, materials with interesting new properties can be synthesized. Fenton's chemistry, Fe2+/H2O2, is considered to be attractive for the initiation of graft polymerization with the monomer acrylic acid since it is cheap and reacts quickly at ambient conditions and should therefore be easy to scale up. However, the selectivity of the grafting versus the homopolymerization reaction poses a challenge with this monomer and this type of initiator. In the present review paper, we investigate why data from the literature on grafting systems with other monomers and initiation systems tend to show higher graft selectivity. A scheme is presented, based on reaction engineering principles, that supports an explanation for these observed differences. It is found that more selective activation of starch is a factor, but perhaps even more important is a low monomer-to-starch ratio at the starting sites of graft reactions. Since water is the most common solvent, monomers that are less water-soluble have an advantage in this respect. Based on the proposed scheme, methods to improve the graft selectivity with Fenton's initiator and acrylic acid are evaluated. Most promising appears to be a method of gradual monomer dosage. With gelatinized cassava starch in a batch reactor, both the grafting percentage (17 => 29%) and graft selectivity (18 => 31%) could be improved. This can be considered a principal breakthrough. Still, more research and development would be needed to refine the method and to implement the idea in a continuous reactor at a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge-Willem Noordergraaf
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Green Chemical Engineering, Groningen University, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Judy R. Witono
- Chemical Engineering Department, Parahyangan Catholic University Bandung, Jl. Ciumbuleuit no. 94, Bandung 40164, Indonesia;
| | - Hero J. Heeres
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Green Chemical Engineering, Groningen University, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Zhu Y, Guo F, Li J, Wang Z, Liang Z, Yi C. Development of a Novel Energy Saving and Environmentally Friendly Starch via a Graft Copolymerization Strategy for Efficient Warp Sizing and Easy Removal. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:182. [PMID: 38256984 PMCID: PMC10820382 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Warp sizing is a key process in textile production. However, before the yarn/fabric finishing, such as dyeing, the paste adhering to the warp must be eliminated to ensure optimal dyeing properties and the flexibility of the fabric. Therefore, the sizing will often consume a lot of energy and produce a lot of industrial wastewater, which will cause serious harm to the environment. In this study, we have developed an energy saving and environmentally friendly starch-based slurry by modifying natural starch with acrylamide. The paste has excellent viscosity stability and fiber adhesion, and exhibits excellent performance during warp sizing. In addition, the slurry has good water solubility at 60-70 °C, so it is easy to desize at low temperatures. Because of this, the sizing of the warp can be deslimed directly from the yarn during subsequent washing processes. This work can not only reduce some costs for the textile industry, but also achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zihui Liang
- National Local Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Changhai Yi
- National Local Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
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Zhang W, Sun XL, Yang Q, Guo Y, Cui Y, Xiang Y, Hu B, Wei J, Tu P. In situ forming of PEG-NH 2/dialdehyde starch Schiff-base hydrogels and their application in slow-release urea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128355. [PMID: 37995790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a biodegradable Schiff-base hydrogel urea, possessing substantial water retention and certain slow-release ability was designed and synthesized. Firstly, dialdehyde starch (DAS) and amine-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG-(NH2)2) were synthesized using potato starch and polyethylene glycol. Then, a novel Schiff-base hydrogel (SH) was prepared through the in-situ reaction between the aldehyde group of DAS and the amino group of PEG-(NH2)2. Three SH based slow-release urea, designated as SHU1, SHU2, and SHU3 and distinguished by varying urea content, were obtained using SH as the substrate. Several characterizations and tests were conducted to determine the structure, thermal properties, morphology, swelling properties, sustainable use, water retention, and biodegradation properties of SH. Additionally, the slow-release behavior of SHU was studied. SEM results revealed that SH possessed a porous three-dimensional network structure, with a maximum water absorption capacity of 4440 % ± 6.23 %. Compared to pure urea, SHU exhibited better slow-release performance after 30 days of release in soil, with SHU1 having a residual nitrogen content of specifically 36.01 ± 0.57 % of the initial nitrogen content. A pot experiment with pakchoi substantiated the water retention and plant growth promotion properties of SHU. This study demonstrated a straightforward method for the preparation of starch-based Schiff-base hydrogels as fertilizer carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiang Liao Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yongsheng Xiang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical research center, Petrochemical Research Institute, Petrochina, Lanzhou 730060, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Peng Tu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Application, College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Channab BE, El Idrissi A, Zahouily M, Essamlali Y, White JC. Starch-based controlled release fertilizers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124075. [PMID: 36940767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Starch, as a widely available renewable resource, has the potential to be used in the production of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) that support sustainable agriculture. These CRFs can be formed by incorporating nutrients through coating or absorption, or by chemically modifying the starch to enhance its ability to carry and interact with nutrients. This review examines the various methods of creating starch-based CRFs, including coating, chemical modification, and grafting with other polymers. In addition, the mechanisms of controlled release in starch-based CRFs are discussed. Overall, the potential benefits of using starch-based CRFs in terms of resource efficiency and environmental protection are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr-Eddine Channab
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
| | - Ayoub El Idrissi
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse & Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco; Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat, Morocco; Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Younes Essamlali
- Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat, Morocco; Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States.
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Characterization and in vitro digestion of rice starch/konjac glucomannan complex prepared by screw extrusion and its impact on gut microbiota. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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