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Li Z, Lu J, Ji T, Xue Y, Zhao L, Zhao K, Jia B, Wang B, Wang J, Zhang S, Jiang Z. Self-Healing Hydrogel Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306350. [PMID: 37987498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as powerful building blocks to develop various soft bioelectronics because of their tissue-like mechanical properties, superior bio-compatibility, the ability to conduct both electrons and ions, and multiple stimuli-responsiveness. However, hydrogels are vulnerable to mechanical damage, which limits their usage in developing durable hydrogel-based bioelectronics. Self-healing hydrogels aim to endow bioelectronics with the property of repairing specific functions after mechanical failure, thus improving their durability, reliability, and longevity. This review discusses recent advances in self-healing hydrogels, from the self-healing mechanisms, material chemistry, and strategies for multiple properties improvement of hydrogel materials, to the design, fabrication, and applications of various hydrogel-based bioelectronics, including wearable physical and biochemical sensors, supercapacitors, flexible display devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), implantable bioelectronics, etc. Furthermore, the persisting challenges hampering the development of self-healing hydrogel bioelectronics and their prospects are proposed. This review is expected to expedite the research and applications of self-healing hydrogels for various self-healing bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jijian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tian Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yumeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Boqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Bai Y, Deng J, Xie W, Xiao J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Guo X, Wang H. Pyrazine as a More Efficient Luminophore than Benzene for Producing Red-Shifted and Enhanced Photoluminescence. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9273-9282. [PMID: 37883703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic photoluminescent (PL) materials with red-shifted and enhanced emissions is beneficial to promoting their applications. Luminescent materials based on aromatic heterocycles (e.g., pyrazine) usually have red-shifted and enhanced photoluminescence compared with phenyl-based luminescent materials. In this work, the photoluminescence behaviors of pyrazine and its derivatives (o-dichloro-, o-dicyano-, and dichlorodicyano-substituted) are compared with those of benzene and its derivatives. All compounds exhibit fluorescence emissions ranging from blue to yellow, and the fluorescence emissions of pyrazinyl compounds are more red-shifted than those of phenyl compounds. Except for the o-dicyano-substituted compound, pyrazinyl compounds exhibit stronger fluorescence emissions than corresponding phenyl compounds in both pure substances and ethanol solutions. In addition, both 5,6-dichloro-2,3-dicyanopyrazine (P4) and 4,5-dichloro-1,2-dicyanobenzene (B4) exhibit room temperature phosphorescence, and the maximum delayed emission wavelength is red-shifted from 575 nm of B4 to 637 nm of P4. The energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the monomers of pyrazinyl compounds are reduced by 0.07-1.37 eV compared with the monomers of phenyl compounds, which is the fundamental reason for the red-shifted emissions of the pyrazinyl compounds. Moreover, compared to B4, the smaller molecular spacing in the P4 crystal structure facilitates interlayer electron transfer and hence the formation of more extended through-space conjugation, resulting in the red-shifted emission of P4. This work proves that pyrazine is a more efficient luminophore than benzene for constructing PL compounds with longer emission wavelengths and higher quantum yields, which are important in guiding the design and preparation of organic PL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junwen Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wendi Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinsheng Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jipeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yixu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiangye Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Lei D, Xiao Y, Shao L, Xi M, Jiang Y, Li Y. Dual-Stimuli-Responsive and Anti-Freezing Conductive Ionic Hydrogels for Smart Wearable Devices and Optical Display Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24175-24185. [PMID: 37186879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are a class of important materials for the preparation of flexible sensors, but the development of UV/stress dual-responsive ion-conductive hydrogels with excellent tunability for wearable devices remains a major challenge. In this study, a dual-responsive multifunctional ion-conductive hydrogel (PVA-GEL-GL-Mo7) with high tensile strength, good stretchability, outstanding flexibility, and stability is successfully fabricated. The prepared hydrogel has an excellent tensile strength of 2.2 MPa, high tenacity of 5.26 MJ/m3, favorable extensibility (522%), and high transparency of 90%. Importantly, the hydrogels have dual responsiveness to UV light and stress, allowing it to be used as a wearable device while responding differently to the UV intensity of different outdoor environments (hydrogels can show different levels of color when exposed to different light intensities of UV light) and can remain flexible at -50 and 85 °C (sensing at both -25 and 85 °C). Therefore, the hydrogels developed in this study have good prospects in different applications, such as flexible wearable devices, duplicate paper, and dual-responsive interactive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Lei
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yunchao Xiao
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Leihou Shao
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Man Xi
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering & Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Li Z, Yin F, He W, Hang T, Li Z, Zheng J, Li X, Jiang S, Chen Y. Anti-freezing, recoverable and transparent conductive hydrogels co-reinforced by ethylene glycol as flexible sensors for human motion monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123117. [PMID: 36603716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.123117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Wearable flexible sensors based on conductive hydrogels have received extensive attention in the fields of electronic skin and smart monitoring. However, conductive hydrogels contain a large amount of water, which greatly affects their performances in harsh environments. It is therefore necessary to prepare hydrogel sensors that are stable at low temperatures. Herein, metal ions (MgCl2) and ethylene glycol (EG) were combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to obtain a conductive PVA/EG hydrogel with tensile strength and elongation at break of 1.1 MPa and 442.3 %, respectively, which could withstand >6000-fold its own weight. The binary solvent system composed of water and EG contributed to the excellent anti-freezing properties and long-term storage (>1 week), flexibility, and stability of the hydrogel even at -20 °C. The wearable PVA/EG hydrogel as a flexible sensor possessed desirable sensing performances with a competitive GF value of 0.725 and fatigue resistance (50 cycles) when used to monitor various human motions and physiological signals. Overall, this hydrogel sensor shows strong potential for application in the fields of human motion monitoring, written information sensing, and information encryption and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochun Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fuqiang Yin
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weiwei He
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tianyi Hang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Xiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Gao M, Li J, Peng N, Jiang L, Zhao S, Fu DY, Li G. Multi-stimuli responsive lanthanides-based luminescent hydrogels for advanced information encryption. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Su D, Bai X, He X. Research progress on hydrogel materials and their antifouling properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jiang L, Li J, Peng N, Gao M, Fu DY, Zhao S, Li G. Reversible stimuli responsive lanthanide-polyoxometalate-based luminescent hydrogel with shape memory and self-healing properties for advanced information security storage. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Chen R, Wei J. A self-healing and conductive ionic hydrogel based on polysaccharides for flexible sensors. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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