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Ye G, Huo S, Wang C, Zhang Q, Wang H, Song P, Liu Z. Strong yet Tough Catalyst-Free Transesterification Vitrimer with Excellent Fire-Retardancy, Durability, and Closed-Loop Recyclability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2404634. [PMID: 39082404 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite great advances in vitrimer, it remains highly challenging to achieve a property portfolio of excellent mechanical properties, desired durability, and high fire safety. Thus, a catalyst-free, closed-loop recyclable transesterification vitrimer (TPN1.50) with superior mechanical properties, durability, and fire retardancy is developed by introducing a rationally designed tertiary amine/phosphorus-containing reactive oligomer (TPN) into epoxy resin (EP). Because of strong covalent interactions between TPN and EP and its linear oligomer structure, as-prepared TPN1.50 achieves a tensile strength of 86.2 MPa and a toughness of 6.8 MJ m-3, superior to previous vitrimer counterparts. TPN1.50 containing 1.50 wt% phosphorus shows desirable fire retardancy, including a limiting oxygen index of 35.2% and a vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 classification. TPN1.50 features great durability and can maintain its structure integrity in 1 M HCl or NaOH solution for 100 days. This is because the tertiary amines are anchored within the cross-linked network and blocked by rigid P-containing groups, thus effectively suppressing the transesterification. Owing to its good chemical recovery, TPN1.50 can be used as a promising resin for creating recyclable carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This work offers a promising integrated method for creating robust durable fire-safe vitrimers which facilitate the sustainable development of high-performance polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Ye
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, 4300, Australia
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
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