1
|
Micheli L, Bertini L, Bonato A, Villanova N, Caruso C, Caruso M, Bernini R, Tirone F. Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071767. [PMID: 37049607 PMCID: PMC10096778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with a gradual reduction of physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results in a reduced ability to adapt to homeostasis perturbations and an increased incidence of illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features of aging include a chronic low-grade inflammation state and a decrease of the autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with longevity and ability to counteract the onset of age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, a fundamental component of this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds as hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review is focused on brain, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota, as these systems are known to interact at several levels. After the description of the chemistry and pharmacokinetics of HTyr and OLE, we summarize studies reporting their effects in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases of the central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis and depression, senescence and lifespan, and age-related skeletal muscle disorders, as well as their impact on the composition of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peinado MÁ, Hernández R, Peragón J, Ovelleiro D, Pedrosa JÁ, Blanco S. Proteomic characterization of nitrated cell targets after hypobaric hypoxia and reoxygenation in rat brain. J Proteomics 2014; 109:309-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
3
|
Dalmases M, Torres M, Márquez-Kisinousky L, Almendros I, Planas AM, Embid C, Martínez-Garcia MÁ, Navajas D, Farré R, Montserrat JM. Brain tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress induced by obstructive apneas is different in young and aged rats. Sleep 2014; 37:1249-56. [PMID: 25061253 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To test the hypotheses that brain oxygen partial pressure (PtO2) in response to obstructive apneas changes with age and that it might lead to different levels of cerebral tissue oxidative stress. DESIGN Prospective controlled animal study. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-four male Wistar rats: 32 young (3 mo old) and 32 aged (18 mo). INTERVENTIONS Protocol 1: Twenty-four animals were subjected to obstructive apneas (50 apneas/h, lasting 15 sec each) or to sham procedure for 50 min. Protocol 2: Forty rats were subjected to obstructive apneas or sham procedure for 4 h. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Protocol 1: Real-time PtO2 measurements were performed using a fast-response oxygen microelectrode. During successive apneas cerebral cortex PtO2 presented a different pattern in the two age groups; there was a fast increase in young rats, whereas it remained without significant changes between the beginning and the end of the protocol in the aged group. Protocol 2: Brain oxidative stress assessed by lipid peroxidation increased after apneas in young rats (1.34 ± 0.17 nmol/mg of protein) compared to old ones (0.63 ± 0.03 nmol/mg), where a higher expression of antioxidant enzymes was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that brain oxidative stress in aged rats is lower than in young rats in response to recurrent apneas, mimicking obstructive sleep apnea. This could be due to the different PtO2 response observed between age groups and the increased antioxidant expression in aged rats. CITATION Dalmases M, Torres M, Márquez-Kisinousky L, Almendros I, Planas AM, Embid C, Martínez-Garcia MA, Navajas D, Farré R, Montserrat JM. Brain tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress induced by obstructive apneas is different in young and aged rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Dalmases
- Laboratori de la Son, Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic-Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- Laboratori de la Son, Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic-Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | | | - Isaac Almendros
- Laboratori de la Son, Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic-Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- Departament d'Isquemia cerebral y neurodegeneració, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Embid
- Laboratori de la Son, Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic-Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Navajas
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain ; Unitat de Biofisica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain ; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain ; Unitat de Biofisica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Montserrat
- Laboratori de la Son, Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic-Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Bunyola, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Molina F, Rus A, Peinado MA, del Moral ML. Short-term hypoxia/reoxygenation activates the angiogenic pathway in rat caudate putamen. J Biosci 2013; 38:363-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-013-9327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
Molina F, Rus A, Pedrosa JÁ, del Moral ML. Acute hypoxia-induced depletion of striatal nitric oxide synthase pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2013; 47:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Hypobaric Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Induce Proteomic Profile Changes in the Rat Brain Cortex. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 15:82-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
Martínez-Romero R, Cañuelo A, Siles E, Oliver FJ, Martínez-Lara E. Nitric oxide modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cross talk in response to hypobaric hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:816-23. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00898.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological response to hypobaric hypoxia represents a complex network of biochemical pathways in which the nitrergic system plays an important role. Previous studies have provided evidence for an interplay between the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) under hypoxia. Here, we evaluate the potential involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the cross talk between these two proteins. With this aim, we studied comparatively the effect of pharmacological inhibitors of NO production or PARP activity in the response of the mouse cerebral cortex to 4 h of exposure to a simulated altitude of 31,000 ft. Particularly, we analyzed the NO and reactive oxygen species production, the expression of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, PARP-1 activity, HIF-1α expression and HIF-1 transcriptional activity, the protein level of the factor inhibiting HIF, and, finally, beclin-1 and fractin expression, as markers of cellular damage. Our results demonstrate that the reduction of NO level did not affect reactive oxygen species production but significantly 1) dampened the posthypoxic increase in neuronal NOS and inducible NOS expression without altering endothelial NOS protein level; 2) prevented PARP activation; 3) decreased HIF-1α response to hypoxia; 4) achieved a higher long-term HIF-1 transcriptional activity by reducing factor inhibiting HIF expression; and 5) reduced hypoxic damage. The pharmacological inhibition of PARP reproduced the NOS expression pattern and the HIF-1α response observed in NOS-inhibited mice, supporting its involvement in the NO-dependent regulation of hypoxia. As a whole, these results provide new data about the molecular mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of controlling NO production under hypobaric hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Cañuelo
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén; and
| | - Eva Siles
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén; and
| | - F. Javier Oliver
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martin R, Mozet C, Martin H, Welt K, Engel C, Fitzl G. The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on parameters of oxidative stress in different regions of aging rat brains after acute hypoxia. Aging Clin Exp Res 2011; 23:255-63. [PMID: 20802257 DOI: 10.1007/bf03337752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neurodegenerative processes of aging seem to be associated with oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigates the influence of age and of acute respiratoric hypoxia on parameters of oxidative stress in different brain regions of Wistar rats and the protective effects of Ginkgo extract (EGb 761) as a radical scavenger. METHODS Biopsies of frontal and temporal cortices, the cerebellum, and the brainstem of young and old rats (each group n=6-8: normoxic - hypoxic; unprotected - EGb-protected) were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) content, and creatine kinase (CK) activity. Experimental hypoxia: downregulation of oxygen partial pressure to 5 vol. % for 20 minutes. EGb administration: daily 100 mg/kg of body weight in drinking water for 3 months. RESULTS Effects of age: While most oxidative stress parameters in the temporal cortex, the cerebellum, and the brainstem are increased, this is not the case in the frontal cortex; after additional hypoxia SOD and GSH are diminished in the temporal cortex and the brainstem of old rats. EGb treatment causes contradictory alterations in young, old, and hypoxic brain regions. Minor effects are seen in old hypoxic brains, while there are some protective effects in old normoxic brainstems and cerebellums. CONCLUSIONS The old brain appears to adapt appropriately to chronic oxidative stress and to the specific conditions of shortterm hypoxia. EGb's protective effect is especially notable in the brainstem and the cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Martin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rus A, Del Moral ML, Molina F, Peinado MA. Upregulation of cardiac NO/NOS system during short-term hypoxia and the subsequent reoxygenation period. Eur J Histochem 2011; 55:e17. [PMID: 22193297 PMCID: PMC3284153 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2011.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) reportedly influences nitric oxide (NO) production and NO synthase (NOS) expression in the heart. Nonetheless, a number of works have shown controversial results regarding the changes that the cardiac NO/NOS system undergoes under such situations. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the behaviour of this system in the hypoxic heart by investigating seven different reoxygenation times. Wistar rats were submitted to H/R (hypoxia for 30 min; reoxygenation of 0, 2, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, and 5 days) in a novel approach to address the events provoked by assaults under such circumstances. Endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS and iNOS) mRNA and protein expression, as well as enzymatic activity and enzyme location were determined. NO levels were indirectly quantified as nitrate/nitrite, and other S-nitroso compounds (NOx), which would act as NO-storage molecules. The results showed a significant increase in eNOS mRNA, protein and activity, as well as in NOx levels immediately after hypoxia, while iNOS protein and activity were induced throughout the reoxygenation period. These findings indicate that, not only short-term hypoxia, but also the subsequent reoxygenation period upregulate cardiac NO/NOS system until at least 5 days after the hypoxic stimulus, implying major involvement of this system in the changes occurring in the heart in response to H/R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology (Building B-3), University of Jaén,Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Is endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase-derived nitric oxide involved in cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation-related damage? J Biosci 2011; 36:69-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
11
|
Rus A, Molina F, Peinado MÁ, Del Moral ML. Nitric oxide averts hypoxia-induced damage during reoxygenation in rat heart. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:1093-103. [PMID: 21538695 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by the hemoproteins NO synthases (NOS), is known to play important roles in physiological and pathological conditions in the heart, including hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). This work investigates the role that endogenous NO plays in the cardiac H/R-induced injury. A follow-up study was conducted in Wistar rats subjected to 30 min of hypoxia, with or without prior treatment using the nonselective NOS inhibitor L-NAME (1.5 mM). The rats were studied at 0 h, 12 h, and 5 days of reoxygenation, analysing parameters of cell, and tissue damage (lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and protein nitration), as well as in situ NOS activity and NO production (NOx). The results showed that after L-NAME administration, in situ NOS activity was almost completely eliminated in all the experimental groups, and consequently, NOx levels fell. Contrarily, the lipid peroxidation level and the percentage of apoptotic cells rose throughout the reoxygenation period. These results reveal that NOS inhibition exacerbates the peroxidative and apoptotic damage observed before the treatment with L-NAME in the hypoxic heart, pointing to a cardioprotective role of NOS-derived NO against H/R-induced injury. These findings could open the possibility of future studies to design new therapies for H/R-dysfunctions based on NO-pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23071, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rus A, Molina F, Peinado MA, del Moral ML. Endothelial NOS-derived nitric oxide prevents injury resulting from reoxygenation in the hypoxic lung. Free Radic Res 2011; 44:1027-35. [PMID: 20815765 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.498479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To date, the role that NO derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) plays in the development of the injuries occurring under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in the lung remains unknown and thus constitutes the subject of the present work. A follow-up study was conducted in Wistar rats submitted to H/R (hypoxia for 30 min; reoxygenation of 0 h, 48 h and 5 days), with or without prior treatment using the eNOS inhibitor L-NIO (20 mg/kg). Lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, protein nitration and NO production (NOx) were analysed. The results showed that L-NIO administration lowered NOx levels in all the experimental groups. Contrarily, the lipid peroxidation level and the percentage of apoptotic cells rose, implying that eNOS-derived NO may have a protective effect against the injuries occurring during H/R in the lung. These findings could open the possibility of future studies to design new therapies for this type of hypoxia based on NO-pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rus A, Peinado MA, Castro L, Del Moral ML. Lung eNOS and iNOS are reoxygenation time-dependent upregulated after acute hypoxia. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:1089-98. [PMID: 20225207 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays a critical role in many physiological and physiopathological processes in the lung. Changes in the NO/NOS (Nitric Oxide/Nitric Oxide Synthase) system after hypoxia situations remain controversial in this organ, so that the aim of this work is to perform a complete study of this system in the hypoxic lung after different reoxygenation times ranging from 0 h to 5 days posthypoxia. This is a novel follow-up study carried out in Wistar rats submitted for 30 min to acute hypobaric hypoxia. We measured endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS, iNOS) mRNA and protein expression, location, and in situ NOS activity as well as nitrated protein expression and location. In addition, NO levels were indirectly quantified (NOx) as well as the apoptosis level. Results showed an increase in eNOS mRNA, protein, activity as well as eNOS positive immunostaining at 0 h posthypoxia, coinciding with raised NOx levels. Contrary, iNOS, nitrated protein expression and apoptosis level augmented during the final reoxygenation times. The lung NO/NOS system provokes two responses to the hypoxia/reoxygenation processes: (i) eNOS is responsible of the immediate response, producing NO, which causes vasodilation and bronchodilation, and (ii) iNOS is related to the second late response, which seems to be involved in some of the deleterious consequences that hypoxia induces in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rus A, Castro L, Del Moral ML, Peinado A. Inducible NOS inhibitor 1400W reduces hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury in rat lung. Redox Rep 2010; 15:169-78. [PMID: 20663293 DOI: 10.1179/174329210x12650506623609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO(*)) from inducible NO(*) synthase (iNOS) has been reported to either protect against, or contribute to, hypoxia/re-oxygenation lung injury. The present work aimed to clarify this double role in the hypoxic lung. With this objective, a follow-up study was made in Wistar rats submitted to hypoxia/re-oxygenation (hypoxia for 30 min; re-oxygenation of 0 h, 48 h, and 5 days), with or without prior treatment with the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W (10 mg/kg). NO(*) levels (NOx), lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and protein nitration were analysed. This is the first time-course study which investigates the effects of 1400W during hypoxia/re-oxygenation in the rat lung. The results showed that the administration of 1400W lowered NOx levels in all the experimental groups. In addition, lipid peroxidation, the percentage of apoptotic cells, and nitrated protein expression fell in the late post-hypoxia period (48 h and 5 days). Our results reveal that the inhibition of iNOS in the hypoxic lung reduced the damage observed before the treatment with 1400W, suggesting that iNOS-derived NO(*) may exert a negative effect on this organ during hypoxia/re-oxygenation. These findings are notable, since they indicate that any therapeutic strategy aimed at controlling excess generation of NO(*) from iNOS may be useful in alleviating NO(*)-mediated adverse effects in hypoxic lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Defective Adaption of Erythrocytes During Acute Hypoxia Injury in an Elderly Population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 66:376-84. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
|
16
|
Sympathoinhibition induced by centrally administered atorvastatin is associated with alteration of NAD(P)H and Mn superoxide dismutase activity in rostral ventrolateral medulla of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:184-90. [PMID: 20040888 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181ce9681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) increases sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA). Oral treatment with atorvastatin decreases SNA through antioxidant effects in the RVLM of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). We aimed to examine whether centrally administered atorvastain reduces SNA in SHRSP and, if so, to determine whether it is associated with the reduction of oxidative stress induced by alteration of activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the RVLM of SHRSP. SHRSP received atorvastatin (S-ATOR) or vehicle (S-VEH) by continuous intracerebroventricular infusion for 14 days. Mean blood pressure, heart rate, and SNA were significantly lower in S-ATOR than in S-VEH. Oxidative stress, Rac1 activity, NAD(P)H oxidase activity, Rac1, gp91(phox) and p22(phox) expression in the membrane fraction, and p47(phox) and p40(phox) expression in the cytosolic fraction in the RVLM were significantly lower in S-ATOR than in S-VEH. Rac1 expression in the cytosolic fraction and Mn-SOD activity, however, were significantly higher in S-ATOR than in S-VEH. Our findings suggest that centrally administered atorvastatin decreases SNA and is associated with decreasing NAD(P)H oxidase activity and upregulation of Mn-SOD activity in the RVLM of SHRSP, leading to suppressing oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rus A, Molina F, Peinado MÁ, Del Moral ML. Endogenous nitric oxide can act as beneficial or deleterious in the hypoxic lung depending on the reoxygenation time. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:2193-201. [PMID: 20734424 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in many pathophysiological situations in the lung, including hypoxia/reoxygenation. This work seeks to clarify the current controversy concerning the double protective/toxic role of endogenous NO under hypoxia/reoxygenation situations in the lung by using a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, in a novel approach to address the problems raised from assaults under such circumstances. A follow-up study was conducted in Wistar rats submitted to hypoxia/reoxygenation (hypoxia for 30 min; reoxygenation of 0 h, 48 h, and 5 days), with or without prior treatment using the nonselective NOS inhibitor L-NAME (1.5 mM, in drinking water). Lipid peroxidation, apoptosis level, protein nitration, in situ NOS activity and NO production (NOx) were analyzed. This is the first work to focus on the time-course effects of L-NAME in the adult rat lung submitted to hypoxia/reoxygenation. The results showed that after L-NAME administration, in situ NOS activity was almost completely eliminated and consequently, NOx levels fell. Lipid peroxidation and the percentage of apoptotic cells rose at the earliest reoxygenation time (0 h), but decreased in the later period (48 h and 5 days). Also nitrated protein expression decreased at 48 h and 5 days posthypoxia. These results suggest that NOS-derived NO exerts two different effects on lung hypoxia/reoxygenation injury depending on the reoxygenation time: NO has a beneficial role just after the hypoxic stimulus and a deleterious effect in the later reoxygenation times. Moreover, we propose that this dual role of NO depends directly on the producer NOS isoform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abd-El-Fattah AA, El-Sawalhi MM, Rashed ER, El-Ghazaly MA. Possible role of vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 and rutin in protection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in irradiated rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:1070-8. [PMID: 20712430 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.501844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible role of vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 and rutin in ameliorating the biochemical changes in brain and serum induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in whole body γ-irradiated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cerebral ischemia was induced in male Wistar rats (either irradiated or non-irradiated) followed by reperfusion. RESULTS I/R increased brain content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and depleted its glutathione (GSH) content with a compensatory elevation in cytosolic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes. It also raised brain cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and calcium (Ca(2+)) level. Furthermore, I/R provoked an inflammatory response reflected by an increment in serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interlukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, induction of I/R in irradiated rats resulted in a further increase in brain oxidative stress and cytosolic LDH activity, disturbed brain Ca(2+) homeostasis and exaggerated the inflammatory reaction. During irradiation, administration of each of vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and rutin to irradiated rats before induction of I/R, alleviated the brain oxidative stress. Moreover, these antioxidants caused attenuation of the rise of the cytosolic activities of GPx and GR. A lowering effect of the cytosolic LDH activity and Ca(2+) level were caused by treatment with antioxidants. Each of vitamin E and rutin revealed an anti-inflammatory action of these antioxidants, while CoQ10 had no effect on serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that supplementation with either vitamin E, CoQ10 or rutin ameliorated most of the biochemical changes induced by I/R in irradiated rat brain and serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Abd-El-Fattah
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blanco S, Molina FJ, Castro L, Del Moral ML, Hernandez R, Jimenez A, Rus A, Martinez-Lara E, Siles E, Peinado MA. Study of the nitric oxide system in the rat cerebellum during aging. BMC Neurosci 2010; 11:78. [PMID: 20576087 PMCID: PMC2905430 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cerebellum is the neural structure with the highest levels of nitric oxide, a neurotransmitter that has been proposed to play a key role in the brain aging, although knowledge concerning its contribution to cerebellar senescence is still unclear, due mainly to absence of integrative studies that jointly evaluate the main factors involved in its cell production and function. Consequently, in the present study, we investigate the expression, location, and activity of nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes; the protein nitration; and the production of nitric oxide in the cerebellum of adult and old rats. Results Our results show no variation in the expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms with aging, although, we have detected some changes in the cellular distribution pattern of the inducible isoform particularly in the cerebellar nuclei. There is also an increase in nitric oxide synthase activity, as well as greater protein-nitration levels, and maintenance of nitrogen oxides (NOx) levels in the senescent cerebellum. Conclusions The nitric oxide/nitric oxide syntahses system suffers from a number of changes, mainly in the inducible nitric oxide synthase distribution and in overall nitric oxide synthases activity in the senescent cerebellum, which result in an increase of the protein nitration. These changes might be related to the oxidative damage detected with aging in the cerebellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Blanco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rus A, del Moral ML, Molina F, Peinado MA. Does inducible NOS have a protective role against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in rat heart? Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 20:e17-25. [PMID: 20418118 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study analyzes the role of the nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) under cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation situations. METHODS For this, we have designed a follow-up study of different parameters of cell and tissue damage in the heart of Wistar rats submitted for 30 min to acute hypobaric hypoxia, with or without prior treatment with the selective iNOS inhibitor N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl) acetamidine or 1400W (10 mg/kg). The rats were studied at 0 h, 12 h, and 5 days of reoxygenation, analyzing NO production (NOx), lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and protein nitration expression and location. This is the first time-course study which analyzes the effects of the iNOS inhibition by 1400W during hypoxia/reoxygenation in the adult rat heart. RESULTS The results show that when 1400W was administered before the hypoxic episode, NOx levels fell, while both the lipid peroxidation level and the percentage of apoptotic cells rose throughout the reoxygenation period. Levels of nitrated proteins expression fell only at 12 h post-hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of iNOS raises the peroxidative and apoptotic level in the hypoxic heart indicating that this isoform may have a protective effect on this organ against hypoxia/reoxygenation injuries, and challenging the conventional wisdom that iNOS is deleterious under these conditions. These findings could help in the design of new treatments based on NO pharmacology against hypoxia/reoxygenation dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rus
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martínez-Romero R, Cañuelo A, Martínez-Lara E, Javier Oliver F, Cárdenas S, Siles E. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 modulation of in vivo response of brain hypoxia-inducible factor-1 to hypoxia/reoxygenation is mediated by nitric oxide and factor inhibiting HIF. J Neurochem 2009; 111:150-9. [PMID: 19656264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear protein that once activated by genotoxic agents, modulates its own activity and that of several other nuclear proteins. The absence or pharmacological inhibition of this protein has been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of different diseases involving a hypoxic situation. We previously reported that PARP-1 modulates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) response in vitro, but this effect has not yet been demonstrated in vivo. The brain is especially susceptible to hypoxic injury, and the present study demonstrates that PARP-1 plays a major role in the post-hypoxic response of HIF-1alpha in the cerebral cortex. Immediate post-hypoxic HIF-1alpha accumulation was higher in the presence of PARP-1, and this differential response was mediated by nitric oxide and to a lesser extent, reactive oxygen species. PARP-1 was also found to induce a more rapid but less sustained HIF-1 transcriptional activity by up-regulating the factor inhibiting HIF. The implication of PARP-1 in these results was further demonstrated by pharmacologically inhibiting PARP in wild-type mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that PARP-1 has an important regulatory role in the in vivo response of brain HIF-1 to hypoxia/reoxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez-Romero
- Department of Experimental Biology. University of Jaén Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Azelnidipine decreases sympathetic nerve activity via antioxidant effect in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 52:555-60. [PMID: 19057394 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318192690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, azelnidipine, is suggested to inhibit sympathetic nerve activity. We previously demonstrated that oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) activates sympathetic nerve activity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether oral administration of azelnidipine inhibits sympathetic nerve activity and if so to determine whether the effect is mediated by antioxidant effect in the RVLM. Azelnidipine, hydralazine, or vehicle was orally administered for 28 days to stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Reductions in systolic blood pressure were similar in azelnidipine and hydralazine groups. Heart rate was significantly higher in the hydralazine group than in the control, but not altered in the azelnidipine group. Urinary norepinephrine excretion as an indicator of sympathetic nerve activity was significantly lower in the azelnidipine group, whereas it was significantly higher in the hydralazine group than in the control. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity were significantly lower in the azelnidipine group than in control. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in the azelnidipine group more than in the control. These results suggest that azelnidipine decreases an indicator of sympathetic nerve activity by antioxidant effect mediated through inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and activation of superoxide dismutase in the RVLM of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Collapse
|
23
|
Blanco S, Castro L, Hernández R, Del Moral ML, Pedrosa JA, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E, Peinado MA. Age modulates the nitric oxide system response in the ischemic cerebellum. Brain Res 2007; 1157:66-73. [PMID: 17544383 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether age influences the nitric oxide system response to ischemia in the cerebellum, we have analyzed the levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the expression of the different nitric oxide synthase isoforms (NOS) in mature adult (4-5 months old) and aged rats (24-27 months old) subjected to a transient global ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. We also analyzed the nitrated proteins and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. NOx concentration in adult rats, which more than doubled the values found in the aged rats, decreased after the ischemia and reperfusion. However, in the aged animals, these NOx levels did not significantly change after I/R. Constitutive isoforms were first down-regulated in the ischemic period, in both adult and aged animals. However, after 6 h of reperfusion, these isoforms were up-regulated, but only in aged rats. After I/R, iNOS was up-regulated in adults but down-regulated in the aged rats. Hence, after an episode of transient global ischemia and reperfusion, the aged cerebellum maintains a balanced NO production, silencing the iNOS isoform and inducing a weak expression of nNOS and eNOS; this allows NO physiological functions while avoiding possible undesirable effects such as the nitrative damage or astrocyte activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Blanco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|