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Camara M, Lima KC, Freire YA, Souto GC, Macêdo GAD, Silva RDM, Cabral LLP, Browne RAV, Lemos TMAM, Waters DL, Vieira ER, Manini TM, Costa EC. Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292957. [PMID: 37871003 PMCID: PMC10593220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the independent and joint associations of low cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength with cardiometabolic risk in older adults. A total of 360 community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Cardiometabolic risk was based on the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health according to the American Heart Association guidelines. Cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength were estimated using the six-minute walk and the 30-second chair stand tests, respectively. Participants in the 20th percentile were defined as having low cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-limb muscle strength. Poisson's regression was used to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of Metabolic Syndrome and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health. Participants with low cardiorespiratory fitness alone and combined with low lower-limb muscle strength were similarly associated with a higher risk for Metabolic Syndrome (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.48, and PR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.58, respectively), and poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health (PR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25-2.47, and PR 1.65, 95% CI 1.19-2.28, respectively). Low lower-limb muscle strength alone was not associated with a higher risk for either Metabolic Syndrome or poor Ideal Cardiovascular Health (PR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81-1.87, and PR 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.37, respectively). Low cardiorespiratory fitness alone or combined with low lower-limb muscle strength, but not low lower-limb muscle strength alone, was associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk in older adults. The assessment of physical fitness may be a "window of opportunity" to identify youngest-old adults with a high cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcyo Camara
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kenio C. Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Yuri A. Freire
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C. Souto
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Geovani A. D. Macêdo
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Raissa de M. Silva
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ludmila L. P. Cabral
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. V. Browne
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Telma M. A. M. Lemos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Debra L. Waters
- Department of Medicine and School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- Department of General Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Edgar R. Vieira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- ExCE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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de Sousa MKF, Silva RDM, Freire YA, Souto GC, Câmara M, Cabral LLP, Macêdo GAD, Costa EC, Oliveira RS. Associations between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with vascular health phenotypes in older adults: a cross-sectional study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1096139. [PMID: 37256064 PMCID: PMC10225566 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1096139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the associations between physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with vascular health phenotypes in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 82 participants (66.8 ± 5.2 years; 81% females). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using accelerometers, and CRF was measured using the distance covered in the 6-min walk test (6MWT). The vascular health markers were as follows: i) arterial function measured as aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) estimated using an automatic blood pressure device; and ii) arterial structure measured as the common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Using a combination of normal cIMT and aPWV values, four groups of vascular health phenotypes were created: normal aPWV and cIMT, abnormal aPWV only, abnormal cIMT only, and abnormal aPWV and cIMT. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the beta coefficients (β) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusting for BMI, and medication for diabetes, lipid, and hypertension, sex, age, and blood pressure. Results: Participants with abnormal aPWV and normal cIMT (β = -53.76; 95% CI = -97.73--9.78 m; p = 0.017), and participants with both abnormal aPWV and cIMT (β = -71.89; 95% CI = -125.46--18.31 m; p = 0.009) covered less distance in the 6MWT, although adjusting for age, sex and blood pressure decreased the strength of the association with only groups of abnormal aPWV and cIMT covering a lower 6MWT distance compared to participants with both normal aPWV and cIMT (β = -55.68 95% CI = -111.95-0.59; p = 0.052). No associations were observed between MVPA and the vascular health phenotypes. Conslusion: In summary, poor CRF, but not MVPA, is associated with the unhealthiest vascular health phenotype (abnormal aPWV/cIMT) in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raíssa de Melo Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, ExCE Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Yuri Alberto Freire
- Department of Physical Education, ExCE Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Costa Souto
- Department of Physical Education, ExCE Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Marcyo Câmara
- Department of Physical Education, ExCE Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Lucena Pereira Cabral
- Department of Physical Education, ExCE Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Geovani Araújo Dantas Macêdo
- Department of Physical Education, ExCE Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caldas Costa
- Department of Physical Education, ExCE Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santos Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- INTEGRA—Integrative Physiology, Health, and Performance Research Group, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063671. [PMID: 35329357 PMCID: PMC8950222 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the relationship between non-exercise-based estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea. The current study examined the prognostic role of eCRF in the risk stratification of MetS in a representative sample of Korean older adults (1822 men and 3069 women). Methods: The data used in the current study were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys IV and V. eCRF was obtained using a previously validated algorithm. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program definition with the acceptance of a Korean-specific waist circumference cutoff point. Results: Lower eCRF was significantly correlated with abnormalities in several components of MetS, including abdominal obesity, elevated glucose, elevated triglycerides, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, there was an inverse linear relationship between MetS prevalence and eCRF levels; higher eCRF was significantly and independently associated with lower prevalence of MetS. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that eCRF can be adopted as a prognostic measure in determining the risk for MetS for elderly persons.
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Afolabi PR, Scorletti E, Calder PC, Byrne CD. Factors independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2020; 40:2998-3007. [PMID: 32706931 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and low CRF is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The factors that influence CRF in NAFLD are poorly understood and it has been suggested that reduced hepatic mitochondrial function (HMF) may be linked to low CRF. Therefore, our aim was to determine the factors associated with CRF in NAFLD. METHODS Ninety-seven patients with NAFLD were studied. CRF was assessed by treadmill testing and expressed as maximal O2 consumption (VO2 peak) per lean body mass. HMF was assessed by the 13 C-ketoisocaproate breath test. Multivariable linear regression modelling was undertaken to test the independence of associations with CRF. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 51 (13) years and 61% were men. With CRF as the outcome, age (B coefficient -0.3, 95%CI -0.4, -0.2, P < .0001), total body fat mass (B coefficient -0.2, 95%CI -0.3, -0.05, P = .01), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (B coefficient -3.6, 95%CI -1.1, -6.1, P = .005), smoking status (B coefficient -5.7, 95%CI -1.9, -9.5, P = .004), serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (B coefficient -0.04, 95%CI -0.05, -0.02, P < .0001), HMF (B coefficient -0.5, 95%CI -0.8, -0.1, P = .01) and diastolic function (B coefficient 0.1, 95%CI 0.05, 0.13, P < .0001) were independently associated with CRF. This model explained 60% of the total variance in CRF (R2 = 0.6, P < .0001); and this model with GGT alone explained 24% of the variance in CRF. CONCLUSIONS In patients with NAFLD, HMF is independently associated with CRF and a model with GGT alone explained most of the variance in CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Afolabi
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip C Calder
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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