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Weng SJ, Chen CFF, Huang YS, Chiu CH, Wu SC, Lin CY, Chueh SH, Cheng CY, Ma KH. Olfactory ensheathing cells improve the survival of porcine neural xenografts in a Parkinsonian rat model. Xenotransplantation 2019; 27:e12569. [PMID: 31777103 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) features the motor control deficits resulting from irreversible, progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway. Although intracerebral transplantation of human fetal ventral mesencephalon (hfVM) has been proven effective at reviving DA function in the PD patients, this treatment is clinically limited by availability of hfVM and the related ethical issues. Homologous tissues to hfVM, such as porcine fetal ventral mesencephalon (pfVM) thus present a strong clinical potential if immune response following xenotransplantation could be tamed. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are glial cells showing immunomodulatory properties. It is unclear but intriuging whether these properties can be applied to reducing immune response following neural xenotransplantation of PD. METHODS To determine whether OECs may benefit neural xenografts for PD, different compositions of grafting cells were transplanted into striatum of the PD model rats. We used apomorphine-induced rotational behavior to evaluate effectiveness of the neural grafts on reviving DA function. Immunohistochemistry was applied to investigate the effect of OECs on the survival of neuroxenografts and underlying mechanisms of this effect. RESULTS Four weeks following the xenotransplantation, we found that the PD rats receiving pfVM + OECs co-graft exhibited a better improvement in apomorphine-induced rotational behavior compared with those receiving only pfVM cells. This result can be explained by higher survival of DA neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity) in grafted striatum of pfVM + OECs group. Furthermore, pfVM + OECs group has less immune response (CD3+ T cells and OX-6+ microglia) around the grafted area compared with pfVM only group. These results suggest that OECs may enhance the survival of the striatal xenografts via dampening the immune response at the grafted sites. CONCLUSIONS Using allogeneic OECs as a co-graft material for xenogeneic neural grafts could be a feasible therapeutic strategy to enhance results and applicability of the cell replacement therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ju Weng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu F Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuahn-Sieh Huang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Hoornaert CJ, Le Blon D, Quarta A, Daans J, Goossens H, Berneman Z, Ponsaerts P. Concise Review: Innate and Adaptive Immune Recognition of Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Cell Transplants in the Central Nervous System. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1434-1441. [PMID: 28244236 PMCID: PMC5442707 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, numerous allogeneic and xenogeneic cell grafts have been transplanted into the central nervous system (CNS) of mice and men in an attempt to cure neurological diseases. In the early studies, human or porcine embryonic neural cells were grafted in the striatum of animals or patients in an attempt to replace lost neurons. Although the immune-privileged status of the brain as a recipient organ was widely accepted, it rapidly became evident that CNS-grafted allogeneic and xenogeneic cells could be recognized and rejected by the immune system, resulting in poor neural graft survival and limited functional recovery. Since then, the CNS transplantation field has witnessed a sharp rise in the number of studies in which allogeneic and xenogeneic neural or mesenchymal stem cells (NSCs or MSCs, respectively) are transplanted, predominantly aiming at providing trophic stimulation and promoting endogenous repair of the brain. Interestingly, in many recent NSC and MSC-based publications functional improvement was used as the principal measure to evaluate the success of cell transplantation, while the fate of transplanted cells remained largely unreported. In this review, we first attempt to understand why primary neural cell isolates were largely substituted for NSCs and MSCs in cell grafting studies. Next, we review the current knowledge on the immune mechanisms involved in the recognition and rejection of allogeneic and xenogeneic cellular grafts in the CNS. Finally, we propose strategies to reduce graft immunogenicity and to improve graft survival in order to design improved cell-based CNS therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1434-1441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé J Hoornaert
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Debbie Le Blon
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jasmijn Daans
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Wang S, Li L, Liu Y, Li C, Zhang M, Wang B, Huang Z, Gao X, Wang Z. Treatment with mPEG-SPA improves the survival of corneal grafts in rats by immune camouflage. Biomaterials 2015; 43:13-22. [PMID: 25591957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the immune camouflage effects of methoxy polyethylene glycol succinimidyl propionate (mPEG-SPA) on corneal antigens and explored a novel approach for reducing corneal antigenicity, thereby decreasing corneal graft rejection. Importantly, this approach did not alter normal local immunity. Corneal grafts were treated with mPEG-SPA 5KD or 20KD (3% W/V), which could shield major histocompatibility antigen class I molecules (RT1-A) of corneal grafts. Skin grafts of Wistar rats were transplanted to SD rats. Then the splenic lymphocytes were isolated from SD rats. Subsequently, the lymphocytes were co-cultured with autologous corneal grafts or untreated corneal grafts and PEGylated grafts treated with mPEG-SPA 5KD or 20KD obtained from the counterpart skin donors, which were used as autologous control, allogeneic control, mPEG-SPA 5KD group and mPEG-SPA 20KD group, respectively. Lymphocyte proliferation was lower in mPEG-SPA 5KD group and mPEG-SPA 20KD group than in the allogeneic control. SD rats with corneal neovascularisation were used as recipients for high-risk corneal transplantation and were randomly divided into four groups: autologous control, allogeneic control, mPEG-SPA 5KD group and mPEG-SPA 20KD group. The recipients received corneal grafts from Wistar rats. Corneal graft survival was prolonged and graft rejection was reduced in the mPEG-SPA 5KD group and the mPEG-SPA 20KD group compared to the allogeneic control. Thus, we think that mPEG-SPA could immunologically camouflage corneal antigens to prolong corneal grafts survival in high-risk transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhichong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Lévêque X, Mathieux E, Nerrière-Daguin V, Thinard R, Kermarrec L, Durand T, Haudebourg T, Vanhove B, Lescaudron L, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Local control of the host immune response performed with mesenchymal stem cells: perspectives for functional intracerebral xenotransplantation. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:124-34. [PMID: 25310920 PMCID: PMC4288356 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foetal pig neuroblasts are interesting candidates as a cell source for transplantation, but xenotransplantation in the brain requires the development of adapted immunosuppressive treatments. As systemic administration of high doses of cyclosporine A has side effects and does not protect xenotransplants forever, we focused our work on local control of the host immune responses. We studied the advantage of cotransplanting syngenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with porcine neuroblasts (pNb) in immunocompetent rat striata. Two groups of animals were transplanted, either with pNb alone or with both MSC and pNb. At day 63, no porcine neurons were detected in the striata that received only pNb, while four of six rats transplanted with both pNb and MSC exhibited healthy porcine neurons. Interestingly, 50% of the cotransplanted rats displayed healthy grafts with pNF70+ and TH+ neurons at 120 days post-transplantation. qPCR analyses revealed a general dwindling of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the striata that received the cotransplants. Motor recovery was also observed following the transplantation of pNb and MSC in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Taken together, the present data indicate that the immunosuppressive properties of MSC are of great interest for the long-term survival of xenogeneic neurons in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Lévêque
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, ITERT, Nantes, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, LUNAM Université, Nantes, France
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5
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Mathieux E, Nerrière-Daguin V, Lévèque X, Michel-Monigadon D, Durand T, Bonnamain V, Ménoret S, Anegon I, Naveilhan P, Neveu I. IgG response to intracerebral xenotransplantation: specificity and role in the rejection of porcine neurons. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1109-19. [PMID: 24612827 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Xenogenic fetal neuroblasts are considered as a potential source of transplantable cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but immunological barriers limit their use in the clinic. While considerable work has been performed to decipher the role of the cellular immune response in the rejection of intracerebral xenotransplants, there is much still to learn about the humoral reaction. To this end, the IgG response to the transplantation of fetal porcine neural cells (PNC) into the rat brain was analyzed. Rat sera did not contain preformed antibodies against PNC, but elicited anti-porcine IgG was clearly detected in the host blood once the graft was rejected. Only the IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses were up-regulated, suggesting a T-helper 2 immune response. The main target of these elicited IgG antibodies was porcine neurons, as determined by double labeling in vitro and in vivo. Complement and anti-porcine IgG were present in the rejecting grafts, suggesting an active role of the host humoral response in graft rejection. This hypothesis was confirmed by the prolonged survival of fetal porcine neurons in the striatum of immunoglobulin-deficient rats. These data suggest that the prolonged survival of intracerebral xenotransplants relies on the control of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mathieux
- INSERM, UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Immunology, Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, ITERT, Nantes, France; LUNAM Université, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
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6
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Lescaudron L, Boyer C, Bonnamain V, Fink KD, Lévêque X, Rossignol J, Nerrière-Daguin V, Malouet AC, Lelan F, Dey ND, Michel-Monigadon D, Lu M, Neveu I, von Hörsten S, Naveilhan P, Dunbar GL. Assessing the potential clinical utility of transplantations of neural and mesenchymal stem cells for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 879:147-64. [PMID: 22610559 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-815-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for neurodegenerative diseases have little impact on the long-term patient health. However, cellular transplants of neuroblasts derived from the aborted embryonic brain tissue in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders and in patients have demonstrated survival and functionality in the brain. However, ethical and functional problems due to the use of this fetal tissue stopped most of the clinical trials. Therefore, new cell sources were needed, and scientists focused on neural (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). When transplanted in the brain of animals with Parkinson's or Huntington's disease, NSCs and MSCs were able to induce partial functional recovery by promoting neuroprotection and immunomodulation. MSCs are more readily accessible than NSCs due to sources such as the bone marrow. However, MSCs are not capable of differentiating into neurons in vivo where NSCs are. Thus, transplantation of NSCs and MSCs is interesting for brain regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we detail the methods for NSCs and MSCs isolation as well as the transplantation procedures used to treat rodent models of neurodegenerative damage.
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7
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Bonnamain V, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Neural stem/progenitor cells as a promising candidate for regenerative therapy of the central nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:17. [PMID: 22514520 PMCID: PMC3323829 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases and other disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as Parkinson and Huntington diseases, multiple sclerosis or stroke. Although cell replacement therapy already went through clinical trials for some of these diseases using fetal human neuroblasts, several significant limitations led to the search for alternative cell sources that would be more suitable for intracerebral transplantation.Taking into account logistical and ethical issues linked to the use of tissue derived from human fetuses, and the immunologically special status of the CNS allowing the occurrence of deleterious immune reactions, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) appear to be an interesting cell source candidate. In addition to their ability for replacing cell populations lost during the pathological events, NSPCs also display surprising therapeutic effects of neuroprotection and immunomodulation. A better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in these specific characteristics will hopefully lead in the future to a successful use of NSPCs in regenerative medicine for CNS disorders.
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8
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Lévêque X, Nerrière-Daguin V, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Pig Neural Cells Derived from Foetal Mesencephalon as Cell Source for Intracerebral Xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2012; 885:233-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-845-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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9
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Michel-Monigadon D, Brachet P, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Immunoregulatory properties of neural stem cells. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:39-41. [PMID: 21524169 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of neural cells provides an interesting form of therapy for certain CNS disorders. Although the brain has a special immune status, xenografts of fetal porcine neuroblasts are ultimately rejected after a lag of several weeks. Various strategies have been proposed to prevent this process. These include the design of transgenic pigs whose neurons have an increased immunosuppressive potential. An interesting alternative is provided by the use of neural stem/progenitor cells, which are multipotent cells found in the fetal or adult CNS. These cells are known to be poorly immunogenic. However, pig or rat neural stem/progenitor cells are highly immunosuppressive, as shown by their ability to block the proliferation of activated T lymphocytes. This effect is mediated by cell secreted factor(s), whose nature is discussed.
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10
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Intracerebral xenotransplantation: recent findings and perspectives for local immunosuppression. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2011; 16:190-4. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32834494b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Rossignol J, Boyer C, Lévèque X, Fink KD, Thinard R, Blanchard F, Dunbar GL, Lescaudron L. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and DMEM administration in a 3NP rat model of Huntington's disease: morphological and behavioral outcomes. Behav Brain Res 2010; 217:369-78. [PMID: 21070819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may offer a viable treatment for Huntington's disease (HD). We tested the efficacy of MSC transplants to reduce deficits in a 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) rat model of HD. Five groups of rats (Sham, 3NP, 3NP+vehicle, 3NP+TP(low), 3NP+TP(high)), were given PBS or 3NP intraperitoneally, twice daily for 42 days. On day 28, rats in all groups except Sham and 3NP, received intrastriatal injections of either 200,000 MSCs (TP(low)), 400,000 (TP(high)) MSCs or DMEM (VH, the vehicle for transplantation). MSCs survived 72 days without inducing a strong inflammatory response from the striatum. Behavioral sparing was observed on tests of supported-hindlimb-retraction, unsupported-hindlimb-retraction, visual paw placement and stepping ability for 3NP+TP(low) rats and on the unsupported-hindlimb-retraction and rotarod tasks for 3NP+VH rats. Relative to 3NP controls, all treated groups were protected from 3NP-induced enlargement of the lateral ventricles. In vitro, MSCs expressed transcripts for numerous neurotrophic factors. In vivo, increased striatal labeling in BDNF, collagen type-I and fibronectin (but not GDNF or CNTF) was observed in the brains of MSC-transplanted rats but not in DMEM-treated rats. In addition, none of the transplanted MSCs expressed neural phenotypes. These findings suggest that factors other than neuronal replacement underlie the behavioral sparing observed in 3NP rats after MSC transplantation.
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12
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Michel-Monigadon D, Bonnamain V, Nerrière-Daguin V, Dugast AS, Lévèque X, Plat M, Venturi E, Brachet P, Anegon I, Vanhove B, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Trophic and immunoregulatory properties of neural precursor cells: benefit for intracerebral transplantation. Exp Neurol 2010; 230:35-47. [PMID: 20470774 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral xenotransplantation of porcine fetal neuroblasts (pNB) is considered as an alternative to human neuroblasts for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, pNB are systematically rejected, even in an immunoprivileged site such as the brain. Within this context, neural stem/precursor cells (NSPC), which were suggested as exhibiting low immunogenicity, appeared as a useful source of xenogeneic cells. To determine the advantage of using porcine NSPC (pNSPC) in xenotransplantation, pNB and pNSPC were grafted into the striatum of rats without immunosuppression. At day 63, all the pNB were rejected while 40% of the rats transplanted with pNSPC exhibited large and healthy grafts with numerous pNF70-positive cells. The absence of inflammation at day 63 and the occasional presence of T cells in pNSPC grafts evoked a weak host immune response which might be partly due to the immunosuppressive properties of the transplanted cells. T cell proliferation assays confirmed such a hypothesis by revealing an inhibitory effect of pNSPC on T cells through a soluble factor. In addition to their immunosuppressive effect, in contrast to pNB, very few pNSPC differentiated into tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons but the cells triggered an intense innervation of the striatum by rat dopaminergic fibers coming from the substantia nigra. Further experiments will be required to optimize the use of pNSPC in regenerative medicine but here we show that their immunomodulatory and trophic activities might be of great interest for restorative strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Interaction between repair, disease, & inflammation."
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Minocycline Promotes Long-Term Survival of Neuronal Transplant in the Brain by Inhibiting Late Microglial Activation and T-Cell Recruitment. Transplantation 2010; 89:816-23. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181cbe041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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In vitro analyses of the immunosuppressive properties of neural stem/progenitor cells using anti-CD3/CD28-activated T cells. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 677:233-43. [PMID: 20941615 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-869-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are multi-potent cells defined by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into cells of glial and neuronal lineage. Because of these properties, NSPCs have been proposed as therapeutic tools to replace lost neurons. Recent observations in animal models of immune-related diseases indicate that NSPCs display immunomodulatory properties that might be a great interest for cell therapy. In particular, transplantation of NSPCs might be very useful as local immunosuppressive agent to promote the long-term survival of neuronal xenotransplant in the brain. To study this possibility, we have analysed the impact of NSPCs on anti-CD3/CD28-activated T cells. In vitro analyses clearly show that porcine, rat, and mouse NSPCs inhibit the proliferation of activated T cells. This result raises new perspectives concerning the use of NSPCs in cell therapy.
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15
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Rossignol J, Boyer C, Thinard R, Remy S, Dugast A, Dubayle D, Dey ND, Boeffard F, Delecrin J, Heymann D, Vanhove B, Anegon I, Naveilhan P, Dunbar GL, Lescaudron L. Mesenchymal stem cells induce a weak immune response in the rat striatum after allo or xenotransplantation. J Cell Mol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rossignol
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
- Field Neurosciences Institute, Saginaw, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, MI, USA
| | - Cécile Boyer
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Reynald Thinard
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Remy
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - Anne‐Sophie Dugast
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - David Dubayle
- Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints‐Pères, CNRS UMR, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas D. Dey
- Field Neurosciences Institute, Saginaw, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, MI, USA
| | - Françoise Boeffard
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Joël Delecrin
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, CHU, Nantes, France
| | | | - Bernard Vanhove
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
| | - Gary L. Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute, Saginaw, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, MI, USA
| | - Laurent Lescaudron
- INSERM UMR 643, Nantes, France
- ITERT, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, CHU, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, Nantes, France
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Galea I, Bechmann I, Perry VH. What is immune privilege (not)? Trends Immunol 2006; 28:12-8. [PMID: 17129764 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 'immune privilege' of the central nervous system (CNS) is indispensable for damage limitation during inflammation in a sensitive organ with poor regenerative capacity. It is a longstanding notion which, over time, has acquired several misconceptions and a lack of precision in its definition. In this article, we address these issues and re-define CNS immune privilege in the light of recent data. We show how it is far from absolute, and how it varies with age and brain region. Immune privilege in the CNS is often mis-attributed wholly to the blood-brain barrier. We discuss the pivotal role of the specialization of the afferent arm of adaptive immunity in the brain, which results in a lack of cell-mediated antigen drainage to the cervical lymph nodes although soluble drainage to these nodes is well described. It is now increasingly recognized how immune privilege is maintained actively as a result of the immunoregulatory characteristics of the CNS-resident cells and their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Galea
- CNS Inflammation Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK.
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