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Yan T, Zhang Z. Adaptive and innate immune pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid: A review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144429. [PMID: 36993969 PMCID: PMC10041874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease that primarily affects elderly individuals. The presentation of BP is heterogeneous, typically manifesting as microscopic subepidermal separation with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The mechanism of pemphigoid development is unclear. B cells play a major role in pathogenic autoantibody production, and T cells, type II inflammatory cytokines, eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, and keratinocytes are also implicated in the pathogenesis of BP. Here, we review the roles of and crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmeng Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenying Zhang,
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Komarovsky MB, Tsipis CP, Almotah KA, Boron WF, Xu K, LaManna J. Postnatal Exposure to Brief Hypoxia Alters Brain VEGF Expression and Capillary Density in Adult Mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1395:65-68. [PMID: 36527615 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia leads to changes in cerebral angiogenesis and persistent structural and functional changes in the adult brain. It may also result in greater vulnerability to subsequent challenges. We investigated the effect of postnatal day 2 (P2) hypoxic preconditioning on adult brain capillary density and brain vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in mice. P2 mice were exposed to hypoxia (5% O2) in a normobaric chamber for 2 h then returned to normoxia while their littermates remained in normoxia (P2 control). After 2-6 months, they were euthanised and their brains were removed for capillary density determination. Another set of animals (P2 hypoxic mice and P2 controls) were euthanised at 2, 10, 23, and 60 days after birth and brain VEGF expression was assessed by western blot. Adult brain capillary density was significantly increased in the P2 hypoxic mice when compared to the P2 control mice. Additionally, VEGF expression appeared to be elevated in the P2-hypoxia mice when compared to the P2-control mice at all time points, and VEGF levels in P2-hypoxia mice declined with age similarly to P2-control mice. These data demonstrate that transient early-postnatal hypoxic stress leads to an increase in capillary density that persists in the adult, possibly due to increased VEGF expression. These results might be explained by epigenetic factors in the VEGF gene.
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Semple BD, Raghupathi R. A Pro-social Pill? The Potential of Pharmacological Treatments to Improve Social Outcomes After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:714253. [PMID: 34489853 PMCID: PMC8417315 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.714253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury-induced disability in young children worldwide, and social behavior impairments in this population are a significant challenge for affected patients and their families. The protracted trajectory of secondary injury processes triggered by a TBI during early life-alongside ongoing developmental maturation-offers an extended time window when therapeutic interventions may yield functional benefits. This mini-review explores the scarce but promising pre-clinical literature to date demonstrating that social behavior impairments after early life brain injuries can be modified by drug therapies. Compounds that provide broad neuroprotection, such as those targeting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, axonal injury and/or myelination, may prevent social behavior impairments by reducing secondary neuropathology. Alternatively, targeted treatments that promote affiliative behaviors, exemplified by the neuropeptide oxytocin, may reduce the impact of social dysfunction after pediatric TBI. Complementary literature from other early life neurodevelopmental conditions such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy also provides avenues for future research in neurotrauma. Knowledge gaps in this emerging field are highlighted throughout, toward the goal of accelerating translational research to support optimal social functioning after a TBI during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramesh Raghupathi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Effect of Neuroprotective Magnesium Sulfate Treatment on Brain Transcription Response to Hypoxia Ischemia in Neonate Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084253. [PMID: 33923910 PMCID: PMC8074012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MgSO4 is widely used in the prevention of preterm neurological disabilities but its modes of action remain poorly established. We used a co-hybridization approach using the transcriptome in 5-day old mice treated with a single dose of MgSO4 (600 mg/kg), and/or exposed to hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The transcription of hundreds of genes was altered in all the groups. MgSO4 mainly produced repressions culminating 6 h after injection. Bio-statistical analysis revealed the repression of synaptogenesis and axonal development. The putative targets of MgSO4 were Mnk1 and Frm1. A behavioral study of adults did not detect lasting effects of neonatal MgSO4 and precluded NMDA-receptor-mediated side effects. The effects of MgSO4 plus HI exceeded the sum of the effects of separate treatments. MgSO4 prior to HI reduced inflammation and the innate immune response probably as a result of cytokine inhibition (Ccl2, Ifng, interleukins). Conversely, MgSO4 had little effect on HI-induced transcription by RNA-polymerase II. De novo MgSO4-HI affected mitochondrial function through the repression of genes of oxidative phosphorylation and many NAD-dehydrogenases. It also likely reduced protein translation by the repression of many ribosomal proteins, essentially located in synapses. All these effects appeared under the putative regulatory MgSO4 induction of the mTORC2 Rictor coding gene. Lasting effects through Sirt1 and Frm1 could account for this epigenetic footprint.
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Bradford A, Hernandez M, Kearney E, Theriault L, Lim YP, Stonestreet BS, Threlkeld SW. Effects of Juvenile or Adolescent Working Memory Experience and Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Protein Treatment after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E999. [PMID: 33348631 PMCID: PMC7765798 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-Ischemic (HI) brain injury in the neonate contributes to life-long cognitive impairment. Early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions are critical but limited. We previously reported in a rat model of HI two interventional approaches that improve cognitive and sensory function: administration of Inter-alpha Inhibitor Proteins (IAIPs) and early experience in an eight-arm radial water maze (RWM) task. Here, we expanded these studies to examine the combined effects of IAIPs and multiple weeks of RWM assessment beginning with juvenile or adolescent rats to evaluate optimal age windows for behavioral interventions. Subjects were divided into treatment groups; HI with vehicle, sham surgery with vehicle, and HI with IAIPs, and received either juvenile (P31 initiation) or adolescent (P52 initiation) RWM testing, followed by adult retesting. Error rates on the RWM decreased across weeks for all conditions. Whereas, HI injury impaired global performance as compared to shams. IAIP-treated HI subjects tested as juveniles made fewer errors as compared to their untreated HI counterparts. The juvenile group made significantly fewer errors on moderate demand trials and showed improved retention as compared to the adolescent group during the first week of adult retesting. Together, results support and extend our previous findings that combining behavioral and anti-inflammatory interventions in the presence of HI improves subsequent learning performance. Results further indicate sensitive periods for behavioral interventions to improve cognitive outcomes. Specifically, early life cognitive experience can improve long-term learning performance even in the presence of HI injury. Results from this study provide insight into typical brain development and the impact of developmentally targeted therapeutics and task-specific experience on subsequent cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bradford
- Neuroscience Program, School of Health Sciences, Regis College, 235 Wellesley Street, Weston, MA 02493, USA; (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Miranda Hernandez
- Neuroscience Program, School of Health Sciences, Regis College, 235 Wellesley Street, Weston, MA 02493, USA; (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Elaine Kearney
- Neuroscience Program, School of Health Sciences, Regis College, 235 Wellesley Street, Weston, MA 02493, USA; (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Luke Theriault
- Neuroscience Program, School of Health Sciences, Regis College, 235 Wellesley Street, Weston, MA 02493, USA; (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- ProThera Biologics, Inc., 349 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Barbara S. Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA;
| | - Steven W. Threlkeld
- Neuroscience Program, School of Health Sciences, Regis College, 235 Wellesley Street, Weston, MA 02493, USA; (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (L.T.)
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Dupré N, Derambure C, Le Dieu-Lugon B, Hauchecorne M, Detroussel Y, Gonzalez BJ, Marret S, Leroux P. Hypoxia-Ischemia Induced Age-Dependent Gene Transcription Effects at Two Development Stages in the Neonate Mouse Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:587815. [PMID: 33343297 PMCID: PMC7738628 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.587815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain lesions in the perinatal period result in life-long neuro-disabilities impairing sensory-motor, cognitive, and behavior functions for years. Topographical aspects of brain lesions depend on gestational age at the time of insult in preterm or term infants and impaired subsequent steps of brain development and maturation. In mice, the Rice-Vannucci procedure of neonate hypoxia-ischemia (HI) was used at 5 days (P5) or P10, mimicking the development of 30 week-gestation fetus/preterm newborn, or full-term infant, respectively. Transcription response to HI was assessed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after insult, using micro-array technology. Statistical Pathway and Gene Ontology terms enrichments were investigated using DAVID®, Revigo® and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®) to identify a core of transcription response to HI, age-specific regulations, and interactions with spontaneous development. Investigations were based on direction, amplitude, and duration of responses, basal expression, and annotation. Five major points deserve attention; (i) inductions exceeded repressions (60/40%) at both ages, (ii) only 20.3% (393/1938 records) were common to P5 and P10 mice, (iii) at P5, HI effects occurred early and decreased 24 h after insult whereas they were delayed at P10 and increased 24 h after insult, (iv) common responses at P5 and P10 involved inflammation, immunity, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. (v) age-specific effects occurred with higher statistical significance at P5 than at P10. Transient repression of 12 genes encoding cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes was transiently observed 12 h after HI at P5. Synaptogenesis appeared inhibited at P5 while induced at P10, showing reciprocal effects on glutamate receptors. Specific involvement of Il-1 (interleukin-1) implicated in the firing of inflammation was observed at P10. This study pointed out age-differences in HI responses kinetics, e.g., a long-lasting inflammatory response at P10 compared to P5. Whether the specific strong depression of cholesterol biosynthesis genes that could account for white matter-specific vulnerability at P5 or prevent delayed inflammation needs further investigation. Determination of putative involvement of Il-1 and the identification of upstream regulators involved in the delayed inflammation firing at P10 appears promising routes of research in the understandings of age-dependent vulnerabilities in the neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupré
- INSERM-UMR 1245, Team 4, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Brain Lesions, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Derambure
- INSERM-UMR 1245, Team 1, Genetic Predisposition to Cancer, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Bérénice Le Dieu-Lugon
- INSERM-UMR 1245, Team 4, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Brain Lesions, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Michelle Hauchecorne
- INSERM-UMR 1245, Team 4, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Brain Lesions, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Yannick Detroussel
- CURIB, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- INSERM-UMR 1245, Team 4, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Brain Lesions, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- INSERM-UMR 1245, Team 4, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Brain Lesions, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.,Neonatal Pediatrics, Intensive Care Unit and Neuropediatrics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Leroux
- INSERM-UMR 1245, Team 4, Epigenetics and Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Brain Lesions, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
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Gilard V, Tebani A, Bekri S, Marret S. Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2447. [PMID: 32751801 PMCID: PMC7465819 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal matrix-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage (GMH-IVH-IPH) is a major complication of very preterm births before 32 weeks of gestation (WG). Despite progress in clinical management, its incidence remains high before 27 WG. In addition, severe complications may occur such as post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and/or periventricular intraparenchymal hemorrhage. IVH is strongly associated with subsequent neurodevelopmental disabilities. For this review, an automated literature search and a clustering approach were applied to allow efficient filtering as well as topic clusters identification. We used a programmatic literature search for research articles related to intraventricular hemorrhage in preterms that were published between January 1990 and February 2020. Two queries ((Intraventricular hemorrhage) AND (preterm)) were used in PubMed. This search resulted in 1093 articles. The data manual curation left 368 documents that formed 12 clusters. The presentation and discussion of the clusters provide a comprehensive overview of existing data on the pathogenesis, complications, neuroprotection and biomarkers of GMH-IVH-IPH in very preterm infants. Clinicians should consider that the GMH-IVH-IPH pathogenesis is mainly due to developmental immaturity of the germinal matrix and cerebral autoregulation impairment. New multiomics investigations of intraventricular hemorrhage could foster the development of predictive biomarkers for the benefit of very preterm newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Gilard
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
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