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Ohiolei JA, Yan HB, Li L, Alvi MA, Muku RJ, Wu YD, Zhang NZ, Li WH, Guo AM, Wang XL, Fu BQ, Jia WZ. PCR-RFLP assay confirms the existence of different mitochondrial lineages of Taenia hydatigena including a possible geographically restricted group. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2390-2397. [PMID: 33991179 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taenia hydatigena is a widespread tapeworm of canids (primarily dogs) that causes cysticercosis in ruminants (domestic and wild) and manifests as depression and weakness secondary to various hepatic damages and sometimes mortality in young animals, although, commonly encountered cases are asymptomatic. In most taeniids, genetic polymorphism has been found to impact host preferences, distribution, disease epidemiology and management. Recently, we identified two main mitochondrial lineages of T. hydatigena in China, and here, we examined the mitochondrial nad4-nad5 genes of T. hydatigena from China, Nigeria, Pakistan and Sudan to assess the intraspecies variation of isolates from these countries and also the distribution of the distinct mitochondrial groups. In addition to China, haplogroup B variant was found in Pakistan, while haplogroup A demonstrated a widespread distribution. We then designed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay using XmiI (AccI) and RsaI (AfaI) restriction enzymes to differentiate members of both haplogroups. This result provides more molecular evidence supporting the existence of distinct mitochondrial variants of T. hydatigena. The epidemiological significance of these different mitochondrial groups remains to be explored further. The current PCR-RFLP assay offers a useful molecular approach for investigating the genetic population structure of T. hydatigena in enzootic regions and in identifying/discriminating the different mitochondrial groups (haplogroups A and B).
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Affiliation(s)
- John Asekhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rosline James Muku
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yao-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nian-Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ai-Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, OIE Collaborating Center on Foodborne Parasites in Asian-Pacific Region, Changchun, China
| | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou, China
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Alegría-Morán R, Pastenes Á, Cabrera G, Fredes F, Ramírez-Toloza G. Urban public squares as potential hotspots of dog-human contact: A spatial analysis of zoonotic parasites detection in Gran Santiago, Chile. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 24:100579. [PMID: 34024395 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic parasites are a major public health problem globally, representing a hazard to human health. The infections occur through contact with different parasite forms. Public squares are a common meeting place for people and dogs, becoming a risk area for transmission to other dogs and humans. A spatial analysis of zoonotic parasite distribution in urban public squares in Gran Santiago, Chile was performed to elucidate its importance, exploring spatial aggregation on positivity rates at commune level. A total of 170 stool samples were analysed; 54 (31.7%) were positive for gastrointestinal-zoonotic parasites. Positivity was detected in 27 (79.4%) squares. Diversity of parasite species was variable across sites. Toxocara canis was the most frequently detected (27 samples, 21/34 squares), followed by Toxascaris leonina (13 samples, 10/34 squares), cestode eggs (10 samples, 9/34 squares), Giardia sp. (6 samples, 5/34 squares), Ancylostomatidae-like eggs (4 samples, 4/34 squares), Cryptosporidium spp. (2 samples, 2/34 squares) and Entamoeba spp. (1 sample, 1/34 square). Spatial autocorrelation (SA) was observed at commune level. The local indicators of the spatial association test showed statistical significance for cestode eggs (p < 0.001) with a negative SA (Moran's I Index = -0.2929, CI-95% = -0.3869--0.1989) and Ancylostomatidae (p = 0.046) with a positive SA (Moran's I Index = 0.1404, CI-95% = 0.0499-0.2309). Toxocara canis is the most prevalent geo-helminth in public places of Santiago, Chile. Spatial autocorrelation was detected for cestode eggs and Ancylostomatidae. Diagnosis and detection of parasites is key for the establishment of control/eradication of environmental dissemination following One Health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Alegría-Morán
- Unit of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile; Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Pedro de Valdivia, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, 2222 Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Pastenes
- Unit of Parasitology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cabrera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Fredes
- Unit of Parasitology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Galia Ramírez-Toloza
- Unit of Parasitology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
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