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Teerasong S, Praditweangkum W, Chompoosor A. A new mechanism for resonance Rayleigh scattering detection of minoxidil based on catalytic oxidation of silver nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 275:121147. [PMID: 35306307 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a new method for minoxidil detection based on silver nanoparticle (AgNP) oxidation. Minoxidil, which is a pyrimidine N-oxide, can be reduced to its corresponding pyrimidine via a redox reaction. In this system, acetate buffer serves as a proton source. AgNPs act as electron donors that contribute electrons to the reaction, producing Ag+. Consequently, the sizes and numbers of AgNPs in the system decrease, which results in a decline in their resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). By monitoring the RRS intensity at 409 nm, a change in intensity was linearly related to the minoxidil concentration over a concentration range of 0.5 - 5.0 mM. The detection limit was 0.35 mM. This approach is simple and rapid. It is done by directly mixing the drug and AgNPs in an acidic buffer. The reaction was completed within 2 min. This proposed method was successfully utilized for quantification of minoxidil in topical hair-growth formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowapak Teerasong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Thailand.
| | - Wiboon Praditweangkum
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Chompoosor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
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Shah DS, Jha DK, Amin PD. Development, validation, and application of an RP-HPLC method for concurrent quantification of Minoxidil and Finasteride in a topical solution for hair regrowth. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 79:194-206. [PMID: 33091398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A topical solution comprising of Minoxidil (MXL) and Finasteride (FNS) for alopecia is formulated in the present work, which essentially contains a lipid-Lauroglycol FCC as a penetration enhancer. The objective of the proposed work was to develop a rapid, simple, and robust reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method to determine MXL and FNS in the said formulation. Herein, the chromatographic conditions were optimized based on the theoretical principles of separation and physicochemical properties such as pKa and log P of both the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). The separation was accomplished on an Inertsil® ODS-3 C18 column (150mm×4.6mm; 5μm of particle size) at 25°C by using a mobile phase composed of 70:30 v/v ratio of Methanol and Milli-Q water along with 0.5% Triethylamine at pH 6.4 adjusted with Ortho Phosphoric Acid. Drug peaks showed a good resolution at 210nm. The retention times for MXL and FNS were found to be 2.40min and 6.39min, respectively. The developed method was found to be linear (R2≥0.998) in a concentration range of 5-100μg/mL for both the drugs. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines Q2 (R1). The ability of the method to differentiate between the types formulations was demonstrated by the in vitro diffusion data performed using a highly sophisticated Strat-M® membrane. The cumulative amount of drug released (MXL and FNS) at the end of 24hours was maximum for the topical formulation containing lipids prepared using isopropyl alcohol and propylene glycol as the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, 400019 Matunga, India
| | - D K Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, 400019 Matunga, India
| | - P D Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, 400019 Matunga, India.
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Wang LH, Cheng PT. Electrochemical Detector for Liquid Chromatography: Determining Minoxidil in Hair-Growth Pharmaceuticals. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180731120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The electrochemical behavior of minoxidil on gold (Au), Glassy Carbon (GCEs),
and Carbon Paste Electrodes (CPEs) was investigated in an aqueous supporting electrolyte (phosphate
buffer [pH 2.0-6.5], acetate buffer [pH 4.3], and Britton and Robinson buffer [pH 2.0-7.4]).
Methods:
For cyclic voltammetric measurements with suitable methodical parameters, CPEs catalyze
electrooxidation of minoxidil more efficiently than do other electrodes. Minoxidil was detected using
high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical (carbon paste) detector (HPLCECD).
For direct current mode, with the current at a constant potential, and measurements with suitable
experimental parameters, a linear concentration from 0.02 to 2.6 mg L-1 was found. The detection
limit was approximately 20 ng m L-1.
Results:
The developed method detected minoxidil samples.
Conclusion:
Findings using HPLC-ECD and HPLC with an ultraviolet detector were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60 Erh-Jen Road, Section 1, Jen Te, Tainan 71743, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tung Cheng
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60 Erh-Jen Road, Section 1, Jen Te, Tainan 71743, Taiwan
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Voltammetric sensing of minoxidil using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified carbon paste electrode. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Experimental and computational approaches for measuring minoxidil solubility in propylene glycol + water mixtures at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Park HN, Lee JH, Park SK, Baek SY, Lee YM, Kang H. Development and validation of rapid and simultaneous method for determination of 12 hair-growth compounds in adulterated products by UHPLC-MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 284:129-135. [PMID: 29408720 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic hair-growth compounds have been illegally used in diverse products to enhance the short-term efficacy of these products. In this study, a rapid and simultaneous method for the determination of hair-growth compounds in adulterated products based on ultra high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQs) of the method were 0.08-43.6ng/mL and 0.27-145ng/mL for the solid-, liquid-, and cream-type samples, respectively. Good calibration linearity for all compounds was demonstrated with a correlation coefficient (r2) higher than 0.997. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were within 11%. The corresponding accuracies were 86-117% and 81-113%, respectively. The mean recoveries obtained for the solid-, liquid, and cream-type samples ranged from 87 to 114%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) within 6%. The RSD of the stability evaluated at 4°C for 48h was less than 6%. The established method was used to screen 76 samples advertised as hair-growth treatments, from online and offline markets, over the course of two years. In 10% of the samples, four compounds, including triaminodil, minoxidil, finasteride, methyltestosterone, and testosterone-propionate were detected. The concentrations were in the range of 0.5-16.4mg/g. This technique provides a reliable platform for technical analysis for continuous monitoring of adulterated products to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Na Park
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwan Park
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Baek
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoil Kang
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JH, Kang G, Park HN, Kim J, Kim NS, Park S, Park SK, Baek SY, Kang H. Determination of illegal adulteration of dietary supplements with synthetic hair-growth compounds by UPLC and LC-Q-TOF/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:191-199. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1401736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
| | - Gihaeng Kang
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Park
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kim
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Park
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwan Park
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Baek
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
| | - Hoil Kang
- Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do,Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Park HN, Park HJ, Kim NS, Park SK, Lee J, Baek SY. Isolation and structural identification of a novel minoxidil analogue in an illegal dietary supplement: triaminodil. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:2-9. [PMID: 29067865 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1397295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new minoxidil analogue was detected in an illegal dietary supplement advertised as a hair-growth treatment. The analogue was identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The compound was structurally elucidated as a minoxidil analogue in which the piperidinyl group of minoxidil was replaced with a pyrrolidinyl group corresponding to a molecular formula of C8H13N5O. The new analogue has been named triaminodil. As this is the first report of the compound, there are no chemical, toxicology or pharmacological data available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- a Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department , National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Park
- a Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department , National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Park
- a Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department , National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kim
- a Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department , National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwan Park
- a Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department , National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- b College of Pharmacy , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Baek
- a Division of Advanced Analysis, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department , National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , Republic of Korea
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Siddiraju S, Sahithi M. Stability indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of aminexil and minoxidil in pharmaceutical dosage form. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2014; 73:114-22. [PMID: 25542653 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work is to develop stability indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of aminexil and minoxidil in pharmaceutical dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved with BDS Hypersil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm×5 μ) as stationary phase and phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (78:22) as mobile phase. The method was employed by using a flow rate of 1.1 mL/min kept at 30°C. The detection wavelength was kept at 238 nm by using photo-diode array detector. The retention times of the aminexil and minoxidil were found to be 2.3 min and 3.9 min, respectively. The method developed was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines with respect to the stability indicating capacity of the method including system suitability, accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The linearity responses of aminexil and minoxidil were found to be in the concentration ranges of 18.75-112.5 μg/mL and 25-150 μg/mL, respectively. The LOD and LOQ values for aminexil were found to be 0.31 and 0.92 μg/mL and minoxidil were found to be 0.03 and 0.10 μg/mL respectively. The percentage recoveries for both the drugs were found in the range of 98-101%. This method is accurate, precise and sensitive; hence, it can be employed for routine quality control of aminexil and minoxidil in pharmaceutical industries and drug testing laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Siddiraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Malla-Reddy College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, 500100 Maisammaguda, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Sahithi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality assurance, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, 500100 Maisammaguda, Hyderabad, India.
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Simultaneous determination of seven prohibited substances in cosmetic products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ahmadi F, Ghasemi S, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M. Adsorptive cathodic stripping determination of minoxidil in pharmaceutical, cream and shampoo products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic voltammetric behavior of minoxidil was studied in a buffer with pH 3. Contradictory to that mentioned in a previously published work, the cyclic voltammogram of minoxidil exhibited a single 2-electron irreversible reduction wave in a buffer with pH 3. This wave was attributed to the reduction of the N→O bond. The cathodic differential pulse wave height decreased on the increase of pH till it disappeared in solution with pH 7.2. The quantitative trace determination of minoxidil was studied at a hanging mercury drop electrode by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. A fully validated sensitive procedure based on controlled adsorptive accumulation of the drug onto a HMDE was developed for its direct determination. Accumulation of minoxidil was found to be optimized in 0.1 M Britton–Robinson buffer with pH 2.0 as supporting electrolyte under the following conditions: accumulation potential –0.2 V, accumulation time 40 s, scan rate 40 mV s–1 and pulse height 50 mV. The proposed procedure was applied successfully for determination of minoxidil in its topical solution and illegal shampoo and cream. The mean recoveries of the minoxidil were 99.8, 97.8 and 96.7% and with RSD of 0.86, 1.24 and 1.89% in pharmaceutical topical solution, shampoo and cream, respectively.
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7 Overview of current regulatory guidance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Gibson G, Ramstad T, Mills KA, Dunn MJ. A method for the determination of minoxidil in hair-regrowth formulations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2005; 60:847-53. [PMID: 16043173 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A method based on micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) was developed for determination of minoxidil in Rogaine and competing products. The original intent of the work was to offer an orthogonal means to HPLC for testing illicit imitations of Rogaine. However, because the patent has since expired, we offer the procedure as a confirmatory measure to HPLC for assay of generic minoxidil products. The MEKC procedure complements an earlier method based on free solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE), designed to the same end. Validation was carried out on both a Dionex CES-1, which utilizes gravity injection, and a PE-ABI 270HT, which employs vacuum injection. The procedure was validated for both active pharmaceutical ingredient and for minoxidil solutions. The run buffer is pH 7.0, 20 mM sodium phosphate, 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, with 10% isopropanol; the internal standard is dl-tryptophan. The method bears the attributes of simplicity, ease of use, and short analysis time (12 min). It is selective with respect to known process and degradation impurities. High efficiency was achieved on the CES-1, with a plate count exceeding 200,000 for minoxidil at an elution time of 9 min. Although slight differences in performance were noted across the two instruments, results on both were in conformance with modern day validation expectations. Comparison of MEKC with HPLC resulted in slightly higher values for the former, but all results met registration specifications and internal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
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