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Khasin M, Bernhardson LF, O'Neill PM, Palmer NA, Scully ED, Sattler SE, Sarath G, Funnell-Harris DL. Phenylpropanoids Following Wounding and Infection of Sweet Sorghum Lines Differing in Responses to Stalk Pathogens. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:177-192. [PMID: 37486162 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-22-0459-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) lines M81-E and Colman were previously shown to differ in responses to Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina, stalk rot pathogens that can reduce the yields and quality of biomass and extracted sugars. Inoculated tissues were compared for transcriptomic, phenolic metabolite, and enzymatic activity during disease development 3 and 13 days after inoculation (DAI). At 13 DAI, M81-E had shorter mean lesion lengths than Colman when inoculated with either pathogen. Transcripts encoding monolignol biosynthetic and modification enzymes were associated with transcriptional wound (control) responses of both lines at 3 DAI. Monolignol biosynthetic genes were differentially coexpressed with transcriptional activator SbMyb76 in all Colman inoculations, but only following M. phaseolina inoculation in M81-E, suggesting that SbMyb76 is associated with lignin biosynthesis during pathogen responses. In control inoculations, defense-related genes were expressed at higher levels in M81-E than Colman. Line, treatment, and timepoint differences observed in phenolic metabolite and enzyme activities did not account for observed differences in lesions. However, generalized additive models were able to relate metabolites, but not enzyme activities, to lesion length for quantitatively modeling disease progression: in M81-E, but not Colman, sinapic acid levels positively predicted lesion length at 3 DAI when cell wall-bound syringic acid was low, soluble caffeic acid was high, and lactic acid was high, suggesting that sinapic acid may contribute to responses at 3 DAI. These results provide potential gene targets for development of sweet sorghum varieties with increased stalk rot resistance to ensure biomass and sugar quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Khasin
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Lois F Bernhardson
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Patrick M O'Neill
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Nathan A Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Erin D Scully
- Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Deanna L Funnell-Harris
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
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Saito N, Chen S, Kitajima K, Zhou Z, Koide Y, Encabo JR, Diaz MGQ, Choi IR, Koyanagi KO, Kishima Y. Phylogenetic analysis of endogenous viral elements in the rice genome reveals local chromosomal evolution in Oryza AA-genome species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1261705. [PMID: 37965031 PMCID: PMC10641527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1261705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Rice genomes contain endogenous viral elements homologous to rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) from the pararetrovirus family Caulimoviridae. These viral elements, known as endogenous RTBV-like sequences (eRTBVLs), comprise five subfamilies, eRTBVL-A, -B, -C, -D, and -X. Four subfamilies (A, B, C, and X) are present to a limited degree in the genomes of the Asian cultivated rice Oryza sativa (spp. japonica and indica) and the closely related wild species Oryza rufipogon. Methods The eRTBVL-D sequences are widely distributed within these and other Oryza AA-genome species. Fifteen eRTBVL-D segments identified in the japonica (Nipponbare) genome occur mostly at orthologous chromosomal positions in other AA-genome species. The eRTBVL-D sequences were inserted into the genomes just before speciation of the AA-genome species. Results and discussion Ten eRTBVL-D segments are located at six loci, which were used for our evolutionary analyses during the speciation of the AA-genome species. The degree of genetic differentiation varied among the eRTBVL-D segments. Of the six loci, three showed phylogenetic trees consistent with the standard speciation pattern (SSP) of the AA-genome species (Type A), and the other three represented phylogenies different from the SSP (Type B). The atypical phylogenetic trees for the Type B loci revealed chromosome region-specific evolution among the AA-genome species that is associated with phylogenetic incongruences: complex genome rearrangements between eRTBVL-D segments, an introgression between the distant species, and low genetic diversity of a shared eRTBVL-D segment. Using eRTBVL-D as an indicator, this study revealed the phylogenetic incongruence of local chromosomal regions with different topologies that developed during speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Saito
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sunlu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Seed Industry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Katsuya Kitajima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhitong Zhou
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yohei Koide
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jaymee R. Encabo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Maria Genaleen Q. Diaz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Kanako O. Koyanagi
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Kishima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Pathogenicity Factors of Botryosphaeriaceae Associated with Grapevine Trunk Diseases: New Developments on Their Action on Grapevine Defense Responses. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080951. [PMID: 36015071 PMCID: PMC9415585 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botryosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi associated with the decay of a large number of woody plants with economic importance and causing particularly great losses in viticulture due to grapevine trunk diseases. In recent years, major advances in the knowledge of the pathogenicity factors of these pathogens have been made possible by the development of next-generation sequencing. This review highlights the knowledge gained on genes encoding small secreted proteins such as effectors, carbohydrate-associated enzymes, transporters and genes associated with secondary metabolism, their representativeness within the Botryosphaeriaceae family and their expression during grapevine infection. These pathogenicity factors are particularly expressed during host-pathogen interactions, facilitating fungal development and nutrition, wood colonization, as well as manipulating defense pathways and inducing impacts at the cellular level and phytotoxicity. This work highlights the need for further research to continue the effort to elucidate the pathogenicity mechanisms of this family of fungi infecting grapevine in order to improve the development of control methods and varietal resistance and to reduce the development and the effects of the disease on grapevine harvest quality and yield.
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