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Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of Calcaneal and Talus Fractures. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2022; 26:635-643. [PMID: 36791733 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Fractures of the calcaneus and talus are severe injuries that usually result from high-energy trauma. The calcaneus and talus are essential for the transmission of body weight, so an optimal reduction and/or fixation of fractures is required to prevent disabling consequences. These fractures almost always have an articular involvement, and an anatomical reduction is required; any residual step-off would lead to joint incongruity and secondary arthrosis.The aims of imaging are first, to guide management by describing the fracture characteristics (e.g., location, displacement, fragments, articular involvement, soft tissue compromise), and second, to detect early and late surgical complications (e.g., infection, malunion, nonunion, arthrosis, hardware issues). Although radiographs remain the first-line imaging modality for the screening of ankle and foot trauma, computed tomography is almost always required for the initial management and follow-up of the patient.
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Delayed Distraction Bone Block Arthrodesis for a Sanders IV Calcaneus Fracture Nonunion Using Tricortical Iliac Crest Allograft and Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator Femoral Autograft. J Orthop Trauma 2022; 36:S27-S28. [PMID: 35838574 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the surgical technique for arthrodesis of the subtalar and calcaneocuboid joints of a Sanders type IV calcaneal fracture nonunion via a distraction bone block arthrodesis technique with tricortical iliac crest allograft combined with reamer/irrigator/aspirator autograft from the patient's femur. A lateral extensile approach to the calcaneus was used for the exposure, which allowed the surgeon to follow the stepwise complex surgical plan outlined here. Calcaneal nonunions are difficult to treat, but good outcomes can be achieved if proper technique with bone grafting is used.
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Yu T, Xiong Y, Kang A, Zhou H, He W, Zhu H, Yang Y. Comparison of sinus tarsi approach and extensile lateral approach for calcaneal fractures: A systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 28:2309499020915282. [PMID: 32314645 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020915282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulated literature has reported the comparative efficacy of the sinus tarsi approach (STA) and the extensile lateral approach (ELA) for the treatment of calcaneal fractures (CFs). However, the best alternative treatment for CF is still inconsistent. Herein, the present systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses aims to achieve an evident conclusion by performing a comprehensive reanalysis of previous meta-analyses regarding the comparison of the STA and the ELA. METHODS We searched several databases, including Pubmed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, Clinical Trials.gov , OVID, and CNKI for the meta-analyses comparing the STA and the ELA for the treatment of CF. All related meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included. Two researchers independently assessed the quality of the articles and extracted the data. The Jadad decision algorithm was used to evaluate the evidence of the articles. RESULTS Ultimately, five meta-analyses were included in the present study. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews scores of these articles ranged from 5 to 9 with a median of 7. The analysis of best quality, Bai 2018, was selected based on the Jadad algorithm. In this article, the significant differences were found in wound complications and operating time, recovery of Böhler's angle, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores, and the visual analog scale. CONCLUSION The clinical relevance of the present study is that both the STA and the ELA are effective in alleviating pain and improving functionality in the treatment of CF. However, due to a shorter operation duration and lower complication rates, the STA was indicated to be a superior alternative for CF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Alex Kang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Haichao Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Wenbao He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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Li M, Lian X, Yang W, Ding K, Jin L, Jiao Z, Ma L, Chen W. Percutaneous Reduction and Hollow Screw Fixation Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Treating Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926833. [PMID: 33147205 PMCID: PMC7650089 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the outcomes of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs) treated by percutaneous reduction and hollow screw fixation (PRHCF) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-one patients were randomly allocated to group A (by PRHCF) and group B (by ORIF). Operative time, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, time from injury to operation, postoperative hospital stay, preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements, and complications were recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores. RESULTS Finally, 59 patients were followed up for at least 12 months (range, 12-24 months). Group A showed significantly more advantages than group B in term of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time to operation, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative pain relief during the first 3 days (P<0.001). However, more intraoperative fluoroscopy was required in group A than in group B (P<0.001). The calcaneal width, height, length, Böhler angle, and Gissane angle in each group were significantly improved postoperatively (all P<0.001), although not significantly different in the postoperative comparisons between both groups. The AOFAS scores were slightly superior in group A than in group B (88.3 vs. 86.4, P=0.08). The rate of incidence of postoperative complications was lower in group A than in group B (3.2% vs. 10.8%, respectively; OR, 0.28, 95% CI, 0.03 to 2.84), although there was no significant difference (P=0.337). CONCLUSIONS PRHCF showed comparable clinical and radiological outcomes as ORIF, demonstrating it is a safe and effective alternative in treating DIACFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Weijie Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenqin Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Giannini S, Cadossi M, Mosca M, Tedesco G, Sambri A, Terrando S, Mazzotti A. Minimally-invasive treatment of calcaneal fractures: A review of the literature and our experience. Injury 2016; 47 Suppl 4:S138-S146. [PMID: 27492063 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The optimal treatment of calcaneal fractures (CF) is currently controversial and is still under debate. It is well established that conservative treatment of these fractures is associated with poor results. Several surgical techniques are described in the literature; however, there is no consensus on which of these is more effective. The main goals of surgery are to restore the subtalar joint congruence, and calcaneal width, height, shape and alignment, thus avoiding medial and lateral impingement and enabling the patient to resume a normal lifestyle. ORIF is the most popular technique for these fractures, but it is associated with high rates of wound complications, hardware failure and infections. Several minimally-invasive techniques have been developed recently for the treatment of CF, with the common aim to be as simple, effective and inexpensive as possible and to reduce surgical times, complications and length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giannini
- Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Cadossi
- I Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Mosca
- I Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Tedesco
- I Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Sambri
- I Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Terrando
- I Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Mazzotti
- I Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.
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Li Y, Bao RH, Jiang ZQ, Wu HY. Complications in operative fixation of calcaneal fractures. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:857-62. [PMID: 27648028 PMCID: PMC5017091 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.324.10225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study focused on a number of factors that have been implicated in calcaneal complications and find the incidence of wound complications. METHODS This was a retrospective study. A total of 162 patients (176 feet) who underwent calcaneal fractures between 2007 and 2012 were included. The patient's personal details, age, time from injury to surgery, cause of injury, type of fracture, operative details, operating and tourniquet times were collected from hospital computers and paper records. Evidence of complications including wound infection, wound necrosis, pain, malunion, nonunion, impingement, loss of fixation, ect were studied. RESULTS Forty-seven of one hundred and seventy-six fractures (26.704%) had complications, wound infection was noted in seven fractures (3.977%), twelve fractures developed necrosis (6.818%), 14 fractures (7.955%) developed pain. Malunion was found in five fractures (2.841%), nonunion in two fractures (1.136%) and loss of fixation in four fractures (2.272%). Three neurologic injury was also seen in our study (1.705%). Operating time, time from injury to surgery and type of fracture had some association with complications in operative fixation of calcaneal fractures, which showed a statistically significant improvement (P=0.000, 0.031, 0.020, respectively), but there were no evidence that age and tourniquet time affect the incidence of complication after calcaneal fracture surgery (P=0.119, 0.682, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Despite developments in the surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture, wound complications still remain inevitable. Advanced imaging techniques, less invasive surgical procedures, wealth of anatomical knowledge, surgical experience and better postoperative care should be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Ying Li, Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Hua Bao
- Rong-Hua Bao, Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jiang
- Zhi-Qiang Jiang, Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Huo-Yan Wu
- Huo-Yan Wu, Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
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Roster B, Kreulen C, Giza E. Subtalar joint arthrodesis: open and arthroscopic indications and surgical techniques. Foot Ankle Clin 2015; 20:319-34. [PMID: 26043247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Arthrodesis of the subtalar joint can be performed via both open and arthroscopic techniques. Both groups of procedures have their own relative indications and contraindications, as well as complications. Good results have been reported for both general procedures, although some studies suggest superiority with arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Roster
- UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Christopher Kreulen
- UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Eric Giza
- UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Abstract
Calcaneal malunion is a common complication after conservative treatment or incorrect surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture. The typical pathoanatomies of calcaneal malunion are subtalar joint incongruity, loss of calcaneal height, arch collapse, varus or valgus deformity of the calcaneus, heel widening and so on. Calcaneal malunion often needs to be treated surgically. The classification of calcaneal malunion and the detailed clinical and radiographical assessment play important roles for surgical option. The main surgical methods include in situ subtalar arthrodesis, reconstruction of calcaneal thalamus and subtalar arthrodesis, calcaneal osteotomy with subtalar arthrodesis, corrective calcaneal osteotomy without subtalar arthrodesis. Each option has its different indications, advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the surgical treatment should be individualised.
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Palmersheim K, Hines B, Olsen BL. Calcaneal fractures: update on current treatments. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2012; 29:205-20, vii. [PMID: 22424485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcaneal fractures represent 2% of all fractures and account for approximately 60% of all tarsal injuries. Motor vehicle collisions and falls are the major causes of these large force compression injuries, causing widening of the heel, loss of heel height, and articular surface displacement. A correlation has been shown between restoration of normal anatomy and satisfactory functional outcome. Once the basic principles of calcaneal fractures are understood, including the anatomy, the radiographic findings, and the challenges that these complicated fractures present, the physician can then be ready with the armamentarium that allows for a patient-specific and injury-specific plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathie Palmersheim
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
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