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Hayrapetyan R, Cariou R, Platel A, Santos J, Huot L, Monneraye V, Chagnon MC, Séverin I. Identification of non-volatile non-intentionally added substances from polyester food contact coatings and genotoxicity assessment of polyester coating's migrates. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114484. [PMID: 38280474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Can's polyester coatings are intended to replace epoxy-phenolic ones due to rising safety concern regarding the potential release of bisphenol A under increased regulations and consumer pressure. In this study, hazard linked to the migration of non-intentionally added substances from a single polyester-coated tin plate (5 batches) to canned food has been studied. Migration tests were performed using acetonitrile (ACN) and ethanol (EtOH) 95 %. Non-targeted analyses by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed the presence of four cyclic oligoesters classified as Cramer class III substances with an estimated exposure (calculated for French population only) below the threshold of toxicological concern value of 1.5 μg/kg b.w./day, suggesting a no safety concern. Moreover, migrates were tested using in vitro genotoxicity DNA damage response (DDR) test and mini mutagenicity test (MMT) with different strains of S. Typhimurium using direct incorporation (TA100, TA98, TA102, TA1537) and pre-incubation (TA100, TA98) methods. Samples were negative in both bioassays suggesting the absence of genotoxicity/mutagenicity of the mixtures. To verify any false negative response due to matrix effect, migrates were spiked with corresponding positive controls in parallel with the MMT and the DDR test. No matrix effect was observed in these experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzanna Hayrapetyan
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), F-21000, Dijon, France
| | | | - Anne Platel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Santos
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Huot
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Marie-Christine Chagnon
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Séverin
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Nutrition Physiology and Toxicology Team (NUTox), F-21000, Dijon, France.
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Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers and perspectives for their use as food quality trackers. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rainer B, Pinter E, Czerny T, Riegel E, Kirchnawy C, Marin-Kuan M, Schilter B, Tacker M. Suitability of the Ames test to characterise genotoxicity of food contact material migrates. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2230-2243. [PMID: 30257137 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1519259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) are chemical impurities which can migrate from packaging materials (FCM) into food. Safety assessment of NIAS is required by European law, but currently there is no comprehensive testing strategy available. In this context, one key element is to get insight on the potential presence of genotoxic NIAS in FCM migrates. This raises questions about the limit at which genotoxins can be detected in complex mixtures such as FCM migrates, and if such limits of detection (LOD) would be compatible with safety. In this context, the present review assesses the suitability of the Ames assay to address genotoxicity of FCM migrates. Lowest effective concentrations of packaging-related and other chemicals in test media were retrieved from scientific literature and used as surrogates of LODs to be benchmarked against a value of 0.01 mg kg-1 (10 ppb) in migrates. This is a pragmatic threshold used in FCM safety evaluation to prioritise substances requiring proper identification and risk assessment. The analysis of the data shows that only potent genotoxins can theoretically be detectable at a level of 0.01 mg kg-1 in migrates or food. Only a minority (10%) of genotoxic chemicals reported to be associated with FCMs could be picked up at a level of 0.01 mg kg-1 or lower. Overall, this review shows that the Ames test in its present form cannot be used as standalone method for evaluating the genotoxic potential of FCM migrates, but must be used together with other information from analytical chemistry and FCM manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Rainer
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien , Vienna , Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pinter
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien , Vienna , Austria
| | - Thomas Czerny
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien , Vienna , Austria
| | - Elisabeth Riegel
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien , Vienna , Austria
| | - Christian Kirchnawy
- b Department for Microbiology and Cell Culture , OFI - Austrian Research Institute for Chemistry and Technology , Vienna , Austria
| | - Maricel Marin-Kuan
- c Chemical Food Safety , Nestlé Research Center , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Benoît Schilter
- c Chemical Food Safety , Nestlé Research Center , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Manfred Tacker
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences , University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien , Vienna , Austria
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Beltrami LV, Beltrami M, Roesch-Ely M, Kunst SR, Missell FP, Birriel EJ, de F. Malfatti C. Magnetoelastic sensors with hybrid films for bacteria detection in milk. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Séverin I, Lionti K, Dahbi L, Loriot C, Toury B, Chagnon MC. In vitro toxicity assessment of extracts derived from sol-gel coatings on polycarbonate intended to be used in food contact applications. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 93:51-7. [PMID: 27137982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polycarbonate is a widely used polymer in food contact applications all around the world. However, due to the potential release of Bisphenol A (BPA) during repeated washing cycles, its use becomes compromised as BPA is known for being an endocrine disruptor for rodents. In order to tackle this issue, sol-gel coatings based on organoalkoxysiloxane were developed on PC, to act as a physical barrier. To this end, two sol-gel systems based on tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxysilane (GPTES), three common sol-gel precursors, were prepared. The coatings derived from the latter two systems were then studied with regards to their potential toxicity in vitro. Migration tests were performed in food simulants, and the maximal migration was obtained in ethanol 10% (v/v) for one system and in isooctane for the other one. In vitro genotoxicity was assessed with the Ames test (OECD 471) and the micronucleus assay (OECD 487), and no genotoxic effect was observed. Moreover, the estrogenic activity of the extracts was studied with a transcriptional activation assay using transient transfection in human cells; none of the extracts was found estrogenic. These negative in vitro results are highly promising for the future use of these new barrier coating formulations onto food contact materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Séverin
- Derttech « Packtox » LNC UMRU866, Nutox Team, Agrosupdijon, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France.
| | | | - Laurence Dahbi
- Derttech « Packtox » LNC UMRU866, Nutox Team, Agrosupdijon, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Catherine Loriot
- Laboratoire National de Metrologie et d'essais, Trappes 78197, France
| | - Bérangère Toury
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces UMR 5615, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chagnon
- Derttech « Packtox » LNC UMRU866, Nutox Team, Agrosupdijon, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21000, France
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Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of the substances tetraethyl orthosilicate, CAS No. 78‐10‐4, and hexamethyldisilazane, CAS No. 999 97 3, for use in food contact materials. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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