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Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Fiume M, Heldreth B. Glyoxal. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:47S-48S. [PMID: 37748203 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231204261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed information that has become available since their year 2000 assessment, along with updated information regarding product types, and frequency and concentrations of use, and reaffirmed their original conclusion that Glyoxal is safe for use in products intended to be applied to the nail at concentrations ≤1.25% and that the available data are insufficient to support the safety for other uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
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2
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Brun N, González-Sánchez JM, Demelas C, Clément JL, Monod A. A fast and efficient method for the analysis of α-dicarbonyl compounds in aqueous solutions: Development and application. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:137977. [PMID: 36736840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Among the highly oxygenated species formed in situ in the atmosphere, α-dicarbonyl compounds are the most reactive species, thus contributing to the formation of secondary organic aerosols that affect both air quality and climate. They are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and are easily transferred to the atmospheric aqueous phase due to their high solubility. In addition, α-dicarbonyl compounds are toxic compounds found in food in biochemistry studies as they can be produced endogenously through various pathways and exogenously through the Maillard reaction. In this work, we take advantage of the high reactivity of α-dicarbonyl compounds in alkaline solutions (intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction) to develop an analytical method based on high performance ion chromatography. This fast and efficient method is suitable for glyoxal, methylglyoxal and phenylglyoxal which are detected as glycolate, lactate and mandelate anions respectively, with 100% conversion at pH > 12 and room temperature for exposure times to hydroxide ranging from 5 min to 4 h. Diacetyl is detected as 2,4-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxohexanoate due to a base-catalysed aldol reaction that occurs before the Cannizzaro reaction. The analytical method is successfully applied to monitor glyoxal consumption during aqueous phase HO∙-oxidation, an atmospherically relevant reaction using concentrations that can be observed in fog and cloud water. The method also reveals potential analytical artifacts that can occur in the use of ion chromatography for α-hydroxy carboxylates measurements in complex matrices due to α-dicarbonyl conversion during the analysis time. An estimation of the artifact is given for each of the studied α-hydroxy carboxylates. Other polyfunctional and pH-sensitive compounds that are potentially present in environmental samples (such as nitrooxycarbonyls) can also be converted into α-hydroxy carboxylates and/or nitrite ions within the HPIC run. This shows the need for complementary analytical measurements when complex matrices are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France.
| | - Juan Miguel González-Sánchez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, MIO, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Anne Monod
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France.
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3
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Park JJ, Olawuyi IF, Lee WY. Effect of combined
UV
‐thermosonication and
Ecklonia cava
extract on advanced glycation end‐products in soymilk. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Jin Park
- School of Food Science and Technology Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
- Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
| | | | - Won Young Lee
- School of Food Science and Technology Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
- Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
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4
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Alaerjani WMA, Abu-Melha S, Alshareef RMH, Al-Farhan BS, Ghramh HA, Al-Shehri BMA, Bajaber MA, Khan KA, Alrooqi MM, Modawe GA, Mohammed MEA. Biochemical Reactions and Their Biological Contributions in Honey. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154719. [PMID: 35897895 PMCID: PMC9331712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is known for its content of biomolecules, such as enzymes. The enzymes of honey originate from bees, plant nectars, secretions or excretions of plant-sucking insects, or from microorganisms such as yeasts. Honey can be characterized by enzyme-catalyzed and non-enzymatic reactions. Notable examples of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are the production of hydrogen peroxide through glucose oxidase activity and the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen by catalase enzymes. Production of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose or fructose is an example of non-enzymatic reactions in honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wed Mohammed Ali Alaerjani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.H.A.); (M.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (W.M.A.A.); (M.E.A.M.)
| | - Sraa Abu-Melha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Girls for Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-M.); (B.S.A.-F.); (B.M.A.A.-S.)
| | | | - Badriah Saad Al-Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Girls for Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-M.); (B.S.A.-F.); (B.M.A.A.-S.)
| | - Hamed A. Ghramh
- Unit of Honeybee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.G.); (K.A.K.)
- Research Center for Material Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badria Mohammed Abdallah Al-Shehri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Girls for Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-M.); (B.S.A.-F.); (B.M.A.A.-S.)
- Unit of Honeybee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.G.); (K.A.K.)
- Research Center for Material Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A. Bajaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.H.A.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Honeybee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.G.); (K.A.K.)
- Research Center for Material Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munira M. Alrooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gad Allah Modawe
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman 14415, Sudan;
| | - Mohammed Elimam Ahamed Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.H.A.); (M.A.B.)
- Unit of Honeybee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.G.); (K.A.K.)
- Research Center for Material Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (W.M.A.A.); (M.E.A.M.)
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5
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Xie MZ, Guo C, Dong JQ, Zhang J, Sun KT, Lu GJ, Wang L, Bo DY, Jiao LY, Zhao GA. Glyoxal damages human aortic endothelial cells by perturbing the glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:603. [PMID: 34922451 PMCID: PMC8684178 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to glyoxal, the smallest dialdehyde, is associated with several diseases; humans are routinely exposed to glyoxal because of its ubiquitous presence in foods and the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the damage caused by glyoxal in human aortic endothelial cells.
Methods Cell survival assays and quantitative fluorescence assays were performed to measure DNA damage; oxidative stress was detected by colorimetric assays and quantitative fluorescence, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were assessed using western blotting. Results Exposure to glyoxal was found to be linked to abnormal glutathione activity, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. However, DNA damage and thioredoxin oxidation were not induced by dialdehydes. Conclusions Intracellular glutathione, members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and the mitochondrial membrane potential are all critical targets of glyoxal. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms perturbed by glyoxal, and may facilitate the development of new therapeutics and diagnostic markers for cardiovascular diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02418-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhang Xie
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration (Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia), First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Integrating Western and Chinese of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Jian Lu
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ying Bo
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yang Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-An Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Lim HH, Shin HS. In-solution derivatization and detection of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in alcoholic beverages and fermented foods by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Sobhy R, Shen Q, Abd-Elrahman AA, Khalifa I, Liang H, Li B. In vitro evaluation of anti-methylglyoxal/glyoxal activity of three phytosterols using glycated bovine serum albumin models. Steroids 2020; 161:108678. [PMID: 32565405 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive intermediate dicarbonyls, such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), have received extensive attention recently due to their high reactivity and capability to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in foods, which have been implicated in the progression of age-related complaints. We aimed to investigate the effects of three structurally different phytosterols (PS), including stigmasterol (SS), β-sitosterol (βS), and γ-oryzanol (γO), on AGEs-formation by measuring their anti-GO/MGO activity. The glycoxidation-based products, SDS-PAGE intensity, free lysine, protein thiols, fluorescence microscopy clicks, scavenging of dicarbonyl activity, and protein aggregation in bovine serum albumin (BSA) models were therefore measured. The results showed that PS could strongly inhibit fluorescent-AGEs, lysine residues, intermediate di-carbonyls, beside their disaggregation effects in a dose and structure dependent manner. Additionally, γ-oryzanol strongly inhibited AGEs more than the other PS, mostly due to its distinctive structure. Our results will provide a new foundation for development of different structure of PS as natural AGEs-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remah Sobhy
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Qian Shen
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ahmed A Abd-Elrahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Hongshan Liang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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8
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Hernandez-Castillo C, Termini J, Shuck S. DNA Adducts as Biomarkers To Predict, Prevent, and Diagnose Disease-Application of Analytical Chemistry to Clinical Investigations. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:286-307. [PMID: 31638384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the chemistry, structure, formation, and metabolism of DNA adducts has been one of the most significant contributions to the field of chemical toxicology. This work provides the foundation to develop analytical methods to measure DNA adducts, define their relationship to disease, and establish clinical tests. Monitoring exposure to environmental and endogenous toxicants can predict, diagnose, and track disease as well as guide therapeutic treatment. DNA adducts are one of the most promising biomarkers of toxicant exposure owing to their stability, appearance in numerous biological matrices, and characteristic analytical properties. In addition, DNA adducts can induce mutations to drive disease onset and progression and can serve as surrogate markers of chemical exposure. In this perspective, we highlight significant advances made within the past decade regarding DNA adduct quantitation using mass spectrometry. We hope to expose a broader audience to this field and encourage analytical chemistry laboratories to explore how specific adducts may be related to various pathologies. One of the limiting factors in developing clinical tests to measure DNA adducts is cohort size; ideally, the cohort would allow for model development and then testing of the model to the remaining cohort. The goals of this perspective article are to (1) provide a summary of analyte levels measured using state-of-the-art analytical methods, (2) foster collaboration, and (3) highlight areas in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernandez-Castillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Sarah Shuck
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Duarte , California 91010 , United States
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9
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Santhekadur PK. The dark face of fructose as a tumor promoter. Genes Dis 2019; 7:163-165. [PMID: 32215285 PMCID: PMC7083712 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose, an essential biomolecule and it is a major ingredient of the modern diet across the globe. Excess consumption of fructose may be a key driver of many serious diseases such as obesity, heart diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Understanding the metabolism of fructose, molecular mechanisms of its toxic nature will aid in the treatment of various diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna K Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore, 570015, Karnataka, India
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10
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Hou Y, Xie Z, Cui H, Lu Y, Zheng T, Sang S, Lv L. Trapping of glyoxal by propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallates and their mono-glyoxal adducts. Food Chem 2018; 269:396-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Houdier S, Lévêque J, Sabatier T, Jacob V, Jaffrezo JL. Aniline-based catalysts as promising tools to improve analysis of carbonyl compounds through derivatization techniques: preliminary results using dansylacetamidooxyamine derivatization and LC-fluorescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7031-7042. [PMID: 30094788 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphan Houdier
- CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Justine Lévêque
- CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Tiphaine Sabatier
- CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRM, UMR3589, METEO-FRANCE & CNRS, 42 Avenue G. Coriolis, 31057, Toulouse Cedex 01, France
| | - Véronique Jacob
- CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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12
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Hellwig M, Gensberger-Reigl S, Henle T, Pischetsrieder M. Food-derived 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and their role in diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 49:1-8. [PMID: 29174601 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds (DCs) are generated from carbohydrates during food processing and storage and under physiological conditions. In the recent decades, much knowledge has been gained concerning the chemical formation pathways and the role of DCs in food and physiological systems. DCs are formed mainly by dehydration and redox reactions and have a strong impact on the palatability of food, because they participate in aroma and color formation. However, they are precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and cytotoxic effects of several DCs have been reported. The most abundant DCs in food are 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, and glucosone, predominating over methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene. The availability for absorption of individual DCs is influenced by the release from the food matrix during digestion and by their reactivity towards constituents of intestinal fluids. Some recent works suggest formation of DCs from dietary sugars after their absorption, and others indicate that certain food constituents may scavenge endogenously formed DCs. First works on the interplay between dietary DCs and diseases reveal an ambiguous role of the compounds. Cancer-promoting but also anticancer effects were ascribed to methylglyoxal. Further work is still needed to elucidate the reactions of DCs during intestinal digestion and pathophysiological effects of dietary DCs at doses taken up with food and in "real" food matrices in disease states such as diabetes, uremia, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Gensberger-Reigl
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Kocadağlı T, Gökmen V. Effects of Sodium Chloride, Potassium Chloride, and Calcium Chloride on the Formation of α-Dicarbonyl Compounds and Furfurals and the Development of Browning in Cookies during Baking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7838-7848. [PMID: 27690415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, NaHCO3, and NH4HCO3 on the formation of glucosone, 1-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxyglucosone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, diacetyl, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, and 2-furfural and browning were investigated in cookies. The presence of 1.5% NaCl, 1% KCl, and 1% CaCl2 on flour basis had no effect on α-dicarbonyl compounds, except 1-deoxyglucosone increased in the presence of KCl and CaCl2. The increase in 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural formation in the presence of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 did not relate to 3-deoxyglucosone formation and pH changes. NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 increased browning in cookies. Model reaction systems indicated that NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 enhance browning by increasing furfurals in caramelization. NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 decreased browning intensity in a heated glucose-glycine system. Use of CaCl2 in cookies may considerably increase furfurals but not α-dicarbonyl compounds. Sodium reduction can be obtained by replacement with potassium without sacrificing the desired consequences of caramelization in sugar-rich baked goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolgahan Kocadağlı
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University , 06800 Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vural Gökmen
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University , 06800 Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
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