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Penalva-Olcina R, Juan C, Fernández-Franzón M, Vehniäinen ER, Juan-García A. Daphnia magna model for the study of mycotoxins present in food: Gliotoxin, ochratoxin A and its combination. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114740. [PMID: 38759715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are low molecular weight compounds present in food and feed. Although their effects on human health have been widely described, their mechanisms of action are still undefined. Gliotoxin (GTX) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are among the most dangerous mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp. Therefore, their toxicity was studied in the Daphnia magna model, which has high capacity to predict cytotoxicity and assess ecotoxicity, comparable to mammalian models. The study consisted of a series of tests to evaluate the effects of mycotoxins GTX, OTA and their combinations at different dilutions on Daphnia magna that were conducted according to standardized OECD 202 and 211 guidelines. The following assays were carried out: acute toxicity test, heartbeat, delayed toxicity test, reproduction, growth rate test. Reproducibility was determined by observing the offspring after 21 days of GTX exposure. In acute and delayed toxicity transcript levels of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism (mox, gst, abcb1, and abcc5), and oxidative stress (vtg-SOD) were analyzed by qPCR. GTX showed acute toxicity and decreased heart rate in D. magna compared to OTA. On the other hand, OTA showed a delayed effect as evidenced by the immobility test. Both mycotoxins showed to increase genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, while only the mycotoxin mixture increased oxidative stress. These results suggest that the mycotoxins tested could have negative impact on the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Penalva-Olcina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, University of Valencia, València, Spain; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, PO Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Mónica Fernández-Franzón
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, PO Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, University of Valencia, València, Spain.
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Bridgeman L, Juan C, Berrada H, Juan-García A. Effect of Acrylamide and Mycotoxins in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:87. [PMID: 38393165 PMCID: PMC10892127 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermal processes induce the formation of undesired toxic components, such as acrylamide (AA), which has been shown to induce brain toxicity in humans and classified as Group 2A by the International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC), as well as some mycotoxins. AA and mycotoxins' toxicity is studied in several in vitro models, including the neuroblastoma cell line model SH-SY5Y cells. Both AA and mycotoxins occur together in the same food matrix cereal base (bread, pasta, potatoes, coffee roasting, etc.). Therefore, the goal of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the neurological effects that AA and mycotoxins can induce on the in vitro model SH-SY5Y and its mechanism of action (MoA) focusing on the experimental assays reported in publications of the last 10 years. The analysis of the latest publications shows that most of them are focused on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and alteration in protein expression, while others are interested in oxidative stress, axonopathy, and the disruption of neurite outgrowth. While both AA and mycotoxins have been studied in SH-SY5Y cells separately, the mixture of them is starting to draw the interest of the scientific community. This highlights a new and interesting field to explore due to the findings reported in several publications that can be compared and the implications in human health that both could cause. In relation to the assays used, the most employed were the MTT, axonopathy, and qPCR assays. The concentration dose range studied was 0.1-10 mM for AA and 2 fM to 200 µM depending on the toxicity and time of exposure for mycotoxins. A healthy and varied diet allows the incorporation of a large family of bioactive compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects associated with contaminants present in food. Although this has been reported in some publications for mycotoxins, there is still a big gap for AA which evidences that more investigations are needed to better explore the risks for human health when exposed to AA and mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (L.B.); (C.J.); (H.B.)
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3
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Hou S, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wang G, Jia A, Wang H, Sun J, Yan Y. DON induced DNA damage triggers absence of p53-mediated G2 arrest and apoptosis in IPEC-1 cells. Toxicology 2024; 501:153707. [PMID: 38104654 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) stands among the prevalent mycotoxins, and usually contaminates cereal foods and animal feed, leading to human and animal clinical poisoning symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. To date, the mechanism of toxicity of DON in different mammalian cells is not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the detrimental impacts of DON on porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1), serving as a representative model for porcine intestinal epithelial cells. After treating cells with DON for 24 h, DON can significantly inhibit the activity of cells, induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly reduce the content of glutathione and the activity of catalase, and increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, leading to an imbalance in intracellular redox status. In addition, DON can induce DNA double-strand breaks, and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, DON can promote the release of Cyt C through changes in mitochondrial permeability through inhibit the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins, leading to apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. On the other hand, we found that DON can cause IPEC-1 cells G2 phase cycle arrest. Different with our pervious study, DON induces cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase only by activating the ATM-Chk2-Cdc 25 C pathway, but cannot regulate the cell cycle arrest via the ATM-p53 pathway. These results indicate that DON can induce the same toxic phenotype in different cells, but its toxic mechanism is different. All these provide a rationale for revealing DON induced cytotoxicity and intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Demonstration Center of Food Quality and Safety Testing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited., Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Aiqing Jia
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited., Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Juan-García A, Pakkanen H, Juan C, Vehniäinen ER. Alterations in Daphnia magna exposed to enniatin B and beauvericin provide additional value as environmental indicators. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114427. [PMID: 36516623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA) and enniatin B (ENN B) affect negatively several systems and demand more studies as the mechanisms are still unclear. The simultaneous presence of contaminants in the environment manifests consequences of exposure for both animals and flora. Daphnia magna is considered an ideal invertebrate to detect effects of toxic compounds and environmental alterations. In this study, the potential toxicity and the basic mechanism of BEA and ENN B individually and combined were studied in D. magna. Acute and delayed toxicity were evaluated, and transcript levels of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism (mox, gst, abcb1, and abcc5), reproduction, and oxidative stress (vtg-SOD) were analyzed by qPCR. Though no acute toxicity was found, results revealed a spinning around and circular profile of swimming, a strong decrease of survival after 72 h for BEA and ENN B at 16 µM and 6.25 µM, respectively, while for BEA + ENN B [8 + 1.6] µM after 96 h. The amount of mycotoxin remaining in the media revealed that the higher the concentration assayed the higher the amount remaining in the media. Differential regulation of genes suggests that xenobiotic metabolism is affected denoting different effects on transcription for tested mycotoxins. The results provide new insights into the underlying risk assessment of BEA and ENN B not only through food for consumers but also for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Hannu Pakkanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Vega J, Catalá TS, García-Márquez J, Speidel LG, Arijo S, Cornelius Kunz N, Geisler C, Figueroa FL. Molecular Diversity and Biochemical Content in Two Invasive Alien Species: Looking for Chemical Similarities and Bioactivities. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:5. [PMID: 36662178 PMCID: PMC9861339 DOI: 10.3390/md21010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical composition, molecular diversity, and two different bioactivities of Asparagopsis armata and Rugulopteryx okamurae (two alien species with different invasive patterns in the southern Iberian Peninsula) were analyzed through spectrophotometric methods and Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectroscopy (FT-ICR-MS). A total of 3042 molecular formulas were identified from the different extracts. The dH2O extracts were the most molecularly different. A. armata presented the highest content of nitrogenous compounds (proteins, CHON) and sulphur content, whereas R. okamurae was rich in carbonated compounds (total carbon, lipids, CHO, and CHOP). Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content were higher in R. okamurae than in A. armata. Antimicrobial activity was detected from both species. A. armata showed capacity to inhibit human and fish pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus or Vibrio anguillarum), whereas R. okamurae only showed inhibition against human bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes). In R. okamurae, molecules with a great number of pharmaceutical activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory or antitumoral), antibacterial, biomaterial, and other utilities were found. The main molecules of A. armata had also pharmaceutical applications (e.g., antimalarian, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, or antiarthritis). The valorization of these species can help to counteract the environmental effects of the bioinvasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vega
- Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Teresa S. Catalá
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Organization for Science, Education and Global Society, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jorge García-Márquez
- Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Linn G. Speidel
- Biogeoscience Group, Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salvador Arijo
- Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Niklas Cornelius Kunz
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Biotechnology, ValueData GmbH, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Christoph Geisler
- Organization for Science, Education and Global Society, 70563 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Félix L. Figueroa
- Andalusian Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Qin G, Wei Y, Zhou Q, Wang H, Wei Y, Lao S, Luo L, Mo R, Chen Y, Yang Y, He J, Li H. A sensitive MnO 2 nanosheet sensing platform based on a fluorescence aptamer sensor for the detection of zearalenone. Anal Methods 2022; 14:4872-4878. [PMID: 36416138 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01589g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An aptamer sensor based on manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets was developed for the detection of zearalenone (ZEN). The ZEN aptamer was modified at the 5'-end by a 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM) fluorophore with self-assembly on MnO2 nanosheets. Interaction of the 6-FAM fluorophore at the 5'-end of the ZEN aptamer with the MnO2 nanosheet lowered fluorescence (FL) intensity due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The introduction of ZEN into the sensing system resulted in hybridization with the ZEN aptamer, forming a stable G-quadruplex/ZEN, which exhibited a low affinity for the MnO2 nanosheet surface. The distance between the 6-FAM fluorophore and MnO2 nanosheet hampered FRET, with a consequent strong FL signal. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the FL intensity of the sensing system showed a good linear correlation with ZEN concentration in the range of 1.5-10.0 ng mL-1, and a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.68 ng mL-1. The sensing system delivered enhanced specificity for the detection of ZEN, and can find wide application in the detection of other toxins by replacing the sequence of the recognition aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Qin
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Yuanwen Wei
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Qifeng Zhou
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Haijun Wang
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Yuning Wei
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Shuibing Lao
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Lihong Luo
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Renfu Mo
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Yongxian Chen
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Jie He
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Huiling Li
- Institute for Agricultural Product Quality Safety and Testing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
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Taroncher M, Halbig F, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ. Stressful Effects of T-2 Metabolites and Defense Capability of HepG2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120841. [PMID: 36548737 PMCID: PMC9784688 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-2 toxin (T-2), a mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium which belongs to group A of trichothecenes, is rapidly metabolized, and its main metabolites are HT-2, Neosolaniol (Neo), T2-triol and T2-tetraol. In this work, the antioxidant defense system of HepG2 cells against oxidative stress induced by T-2 and its metabolites was evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that there is an overall decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels after all mycotoxins exposure. Moreover, the GSH levels and the enzymatic activities related to GSH (GPx and GST) increased with NAC pre-treatment (glutathione precursor) and decreased with BSO pre-treatment (glutathione inhibitor). The GPx activity is increased by T2-tetraol. The GST activity increased after T-2 and T2-triol exposure; however, T2-tetraol decreased its activity. Furthermore, CAT activity increased after T-2 and T2-triol; nevertheless, Neo decreased its activity. Finally, SOD activity is increased by all mycotoxins, except after T-2 exposure. So, the damage associated with oxidative stress by T-2 and its metabolites is relieved by the antioxidant enzymes system on HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Taroncher
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fiona Halbig
- Department of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Llorens P, Herrera M, Juan-García A, Payá JJ, Moltó JC, Ariño A, Juan C. Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050291. [PMID: 35622538 PMCID: PMC9142966 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of human exposure to mycotoxins is necessary for its association with adverse health effects. This exposure is usually estimated from contamination levels of foodstuffs, which are the primary source of toxin exposure, and data on food consumption patterns. However, variations in contamination level, intestinal absorption, toxin distribution, and excretion lead to individual variations in toxin exposure that can be more readily measured with a biomarker. This review deals with the latest literature information about ZEN biomarkers in humans, animals, and cell line cultures. Their presence in urine, biomarkers that have effects in the kidney, liver, reproductive system and blood and biomarkers of cell response have been reported. It has highlighted the importance of determining α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol biomarkers to estimate the probable dietary intake (PDI) of a specific population or to characterize the severity of exposure to ZEN in animals or cell lines. α-ZEL and β-ZEL are cytotoxic by inhibiting cell proliferation, total protein and DNA syntheses, in this sense, an induction of expression proteins Hsp27 and Hsp70 was observed, and an increase in gene expression (TLR4, NF-kBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MGMT, α-GST, Hsp70, Nrf2, L-Fabp, HO-1, MAPK8), the determination of which indicates an oxidative stress effect. The integrity of the cell or tissue membrane is assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which increase at exposure of ZEN (84.2 µM), and the proportions of some fatty acids of the renal tissue membrane were increased at treatments with ZEN. This review allows starting future studies of animal and population exposure in parallel with those of health effects works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Llorens
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (P.L.); (A.J.-G.); (J.J.P.); (J.C.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Marta Herrera
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761580
| | - Ana Juan-García
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (P.L.); (A.J.-G.); (J.J.P.); (J.C.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Juan José Payá
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (P.L.); (A.J.-G.); (J.J.P.); (J.C.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Juan Carlos Moltó
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (P.L.); (A.J.-G.); (J.J.P.); (J.C.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Agustín Ariño
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Facultad de Veterinaria, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Cristina Juan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (P.L.); (A.J.-G.); (J.J.P.); (J.C.M.); (C.J.)
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Sun Y, Song S, Wu A, Liu L, Kuang H, Xu C. A fluorescent paper biosensor for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of zearalenone in corn and wheat. Anal Methods 2021; 13:3970-3977. [PMID: 34528940 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a kind of estrogen-like mycotoxin which contaminates primary crops and their products under natural conditions and becomes a serious hazard to human health. In this study, we prepared a sensitive and specific anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody (mAb) belonging to the IgG2b subclass, with a 50%-inhibitory concentration of 0.034 ng mL-1. A lateral flow fluorescence microsphere immunochromatographic test strip (FM-ICTS) for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of zearalenone in corn and wheat samples was developed based on this mAb. After optimizing experimental parameters, the visual limit of detection (LOD) of the strip assay in both corn and wheat samples was 2.5 ng mL-1, and the cut-off value was 25 ng mL-1. The LOD was calculated to be 0.68 ng mL-1 in corn samples and 0.48 ng mL-1 in wheat samples. Recovery experiments showed that the test results of the strip were consistent with those of ic-ELISA. As a result, this FM-ICTS assay is reliable, simple and sensitive, and can be used for rapid detection of ZEN in corn and wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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