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Maglioco A, Agüero FA, Valacco MP, Valdez AJ, Paulino M, Fuchs AG. Characterization of the B-Cell Epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Histones H4 and H2A Recognized by Sera From Patients With Liver Cysts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:901994. [PMID: 35770070 PMCID: PMC9234146 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.901994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease worldwide distributed, caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus), with an incidence rate of 50/100,000 person/year and a high prevalence in humans of 5-10%. Serology has variable sensitivity and specificity and low predictive values. Antigens used are from the hydatid fluid and recombinant antigens have not demonstrated superiority over hydatid fluid. A cell line called EGPE was obtained from E. granulosus sensu lato G1 strain from bovine liver. Serum from CE patients recognizes protein extracts from EGPE cells with higher sensitivity than protein extracts from hydatid fluid. In the present study, EGPE cell protein extracts and supernatants from cell colonies were eluted from a protein G affinity column performed with sera from 11 CE patients. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the eluted proteins identified four E. granulosus histones: one histone H4 in the cell extract and supernatant, one histone H2A only in the cell extract, and two histones H2A only in the supernatant. This differential distribution of histones could reflect different parasite viability stages regarding their role in gene transcription and silencing and could interact with host cells. Bioinformatics tools characterized the linear and conformational epitopes involved in antibody recognition. The three-dimensional structure of each histone was obtained by molecular modeling and validated by molecular dynamics simulation and PCR confirmed the presence of the epitopes in the parasite genome. The three histones H2A were very different and had a less conserved sequence than the histone H4. Comparison of the histones of E. granulosus with those of other organisms showed exclusive regions for E. granulosus. Since histones play a role in the host-parasite relationship they could be good candidates to improve the predictive value of serology in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maglioco
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo A. Agüero
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Pía Valacco
- Centro de Estudios Químicos y Biológicos por Espectrometría de Masas (CEQUIBIEM), Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Juárez Valdez
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margot Paulino
- Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Química, Bioinformatica DETEMA- Udelar, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Margot Paulino, ; Alicia G. Fuchs,
| | - Alicia G. Fuchs
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr Mario Fatala- Chaben”, (Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud )ANLIS‐Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Margot Paulino, ; Alicia G. Fuchs,
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Morawietz CM, Houhou H, Puckelwaldt O, Hehr L, Dreisbach D, Mokosch A, Roeb E, Roderfeld M, Spengler B, Haeberlein S. Targeting Kinases in Fasciola hepatica: Anthelminthic Effects and Tissue Distribution of Selected Kinase Inhibitors. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:611270. [PMID: 33409299 PMCID: PMC7779637 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.611270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases have been discussed as promising druggable targets in various parasitic helminths. New drugs are also needed for control of fascioliasis, a food-borne trematode infection and worldwide spread zoonosis, caused by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and related species. In this study, we intended to move protein kinases more into the spotlight of Fasciola drug research and characterized the fasciolicidal activity of two small-molecule inhibitors from human cancer research: the Abelson tyrosine kinase (ABL-TK) inhibitor imatinib and the polo-like 1 (PLK1) inhibitor BI2536. BI2536 reduced viability of 4-week-old immature flukes in vitro, while adult worms showed a blockade of egg production. Together with a significantly higher transcriptional expression of PLK1 in adult compared to immature worms, this argues for a role of PLK1 in fluke reproduction. Both fluke stages expressed ABL1-TK transcripts at similar high levels and were affected by imatinib. To study the uptake kinetic and tissue distribution of imatinib in F. hepatica, we applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for the first time in this parasite. Drug imaging revealed the accumulation of imatinib in different fluke tissues from 20 min to 12 h of exposure. Furthermore, we show that imatinib is metabolized to N-desmethyl imatinib by F. hepatica, a bioactive metabolite also found in humans. Besides the vitellarium, gastrodermal tissue showed strong signal intensities. In situ hybridization demonstrated the gastrodermal presence of abl1 transcripts. Finally, we assessed transcriptional changes of physiologically important genes in imatinib-treated flukes. Moderately increased transcript levels of a gene encoding a multidrug resistance protein were detected, which may reflect an attempt to defend against imatinib. Increased expression levels of the cell cycle dependently expressed histone h2b and of two genes encoding superoxide dismutases (SODs) were also observed. In summary, our pilot study demonstrated cross-stage activity of imatinib but not BI2536 against immature and adult F. hepatica in vitro; a fast incorporation of imatinib within minutes, probably via the oral route; and imatinib-induced expression changes of physiologically relevant genes. We conclude that kinases are worth analyzing in more detail to evaluate the potential as therapeutic targets in F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin M Morawietz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hicham Houhou
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver Puckelwaldt
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laura Hehr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Domenic Dreisbach
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annika Mokosch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Haeberlein
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Haçarız O, Sayers G, Baykal AT. A Proteomic Approach To Investigate the Distribution and Abundance of Surface and Internal Fasciola hepatica Proteins during the Chronic Stage of Natural Liver Fluke Infection in Cattle. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3592-604. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300015p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orçun Haçarız
- TÜBİTAK
Marmara
Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gearóid Sayers
- Veterinary Sciences Centre,
School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College
of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ahmet Tarık Baykal
- TÜBİTAK
Marmara
Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Geyer KK, Hoffmann KF. Epigenetics: a key regulator of platyhelminth developmental biology? Int J Parasitol 2012; 42:221-4. [PMID: 22366548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Platyhelminthes (flukes/flatworms) are a large group of derived metazoans beautifully adapted for existence in diversely challenging ecosystems. As tractable examples of development and self-regeneration or as causative agents of aquacultural, veterinary and biomedically-relevant parasitic diseases, the platyhelminths are subject to intensive inter-disciplinary research. Given the complex lifestyles exhibited by individuals within this phylum, we postulate that epigenetic processes feature in many aspects of platyhelminth lifecycle diversity, development and environmentally-driven adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin K Geyer
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Espinoza I, Gomez CR, Galindo M, Galanti N. Developmental expression pattern of histone H4 gene associated to DNA synthesis in the endoparasitic platyhelminth Mesocestoides corti. Gene 2006; 386:35-41. [PMID: 17005331 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, histone gene expression is coupled to DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. This coupling is primarily controlled at the transcriptional level. Considering the basal phylogenic position of platyhelminthes in the bilateria phylum, we have cloned a partial sequence of the histone H4 gene of Mesocestoides corti and studied its expression during the post larval development of this endoparasitic platyhelminth. In in vitro trypsin-induced tetrathyridia development to segmented adult worm, we found that histone H4 is expressed concomitantly with DNA synthesis throughout all stages of development. DNA synthesis and histone H4 mRNA levels were sharply increased at 24 h after inducing development. Afterwards, tetrathyridia grew in length from days 4 to 12 of development as proliferative cells gradually increased in number. Consequently, during this period of development histone H4 mRNA levels were upregulated. Taken together these results suggest that a replication-dependent expression pattern of histone H4 occurs in ancient bilateria, such as platyhelminthes, as previously observed in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Espinoza
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (I.C.B.M.), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8389100 Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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