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Casteleiro Alves MM, Almeida M, Oliani AH, Breitenfeld L, Ramalhinho AC. CYP19A1 TC/CC Polymorphism, along with Deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Genes, Strongly Influences Female Infertility Risk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040940. [PMID: 37107315 PMCID: PMC10135531 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of various conditions, like infertility. This case-control study was performed to assess the potential role of CYP19A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 in modifying individual predisposition to female infertility. Genotyping of 201 women with established infertility and 161 fertile female controls was performed, and statistical associations were analyzed. For carriers of GSTM1 null genotype along with CYP19A1 C allele, there is a significant association with female infertility risk (OR 7.023; 95% CI (3.627-13.601; p < 0.001), and, also for carriers of GSTT1 null genotype along with the CYP19A1 TC/CC genotype (OR 24.150; 95% CI (11.148-52.317; p < 0.001). A positive association with female infertility risk for carriers of the C allele in CYP19A1 and null genotypes in GTSM1 (OR 11.979; 95% CI (4.570-31.400; p < 0.001) or GSTT1 (OR 13.169; 95% CI (4.518-38.380; p < 0.001) was found. When both GSTs are deleted, the risk of developing female infertility is significant, independently of the CYP19A1 genotype; when all the presumed high-risk genotypes are present, we found a significant association with female infertility risk (OR 47,914; 95% CI (14,051-163,393; p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manuel Casteleiro Alves
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory of Academic Hospital of Cova da Beira (CHUCB), 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Micaela Almeida
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Hélio Oliani
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory of Academic Hospital of Cova da Beira (CHUCB), 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Luiza Breitenfeld
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Ramalhinho
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory of Academic Hospital of Cova da Beira (CHUCB), 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
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van der Vaart JF, Merki-Feld GS. Sex hormone-related polymorphisms in endometriosis and migraine: A narrative review. Womens Health (Lond) 2022; 18:17455057221111315. [PMID: 35848345 PMCID: PMC9290099 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Some evidence indicates endometriosis and migraine have a common genetic predisposition in sex-hormone genes, which could have important implications for the treatment of these two heterogenous conditions. To date, the genes responsibility remains unknown. Based on the biological hypothesis that polymorphisms of genes involved in sex-hormone pathways may influence estrogen levels and phenotypes of both disorders, we did a literature search for candidate sex-hormone genes and genes involved in the metabolism of estradiol. The aim was to review the evidence for shared sex-hormone-related polymorphisms between endometriosis and migraine and provide an exhaustive overview of the current literature. We included case-control studies investigating associations between candidate sex-hormone-related genes and the disorders endometriosis and migraine, respectively. Results showed three overlapping sex-hormone-associated polymorphisms in estrogen receptor genes that are associated with both conditions. To confirm possible associations with other sex-hormone genes, larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy-Fleur van der Vaart
- Joy-Fleur van der Vaart, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Smolarz B, Romanowicz H. Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of the CYP19A1 and ESR2 genes and endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:439-445. [PMID: 33825969 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometriosis is a frequent gynaecological condition, both in Poland and in the world. The development of this disease is supported by hormonal, immunological and environmental factors. During the recent years, a particular attention has been focused on the genetic polymorphisms which may be of particular significance for the increased incidence rates of endometriosis. According to literature data, Oestrogen Receptor 2 (ESR2) and Cytochrome P450 Family 19 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP19A1) genes may be accounted to the potential risk factors of infertility associated with endometriosis. The reported research was aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs17179740 of ESR2 and rs2899470 of CYP19A1 genes and the incidence of endometriosis. METHODS The study material included blood specimens, collected from patients (n = 200) with endometriosis. Blood samples from age-matched, endometriosis-free women (n = 200) served as control. The High-Resolution Melter (HRM) technique was applied for polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Regarding rs2899470 polymorphism TT homozygotes was significantly more prevalent among the patients with endometriosis than in the controls (OR 2.19; p = 0.04). In case of rs17179740, GG homozygotes, as well as AG-AA genotypes, were significantly more prevalent among the endometriosis patients (OR 2.48, p = 0.04 and OR 2.36, p = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION Summing up, the investigated polymorphisms of ESR2 and CYP19A1 gene are associated with the observed incidence of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Smolarz
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Hanna Romanowicz
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
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Smolarz B, Szyłło K, Romanowicz H. The Genetic Background of Endometriosis: Can ESR2 and CYP19A1 Genes Be a Potential Risk Factor for Its Development? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8235. [PMID: 33153202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial foci, localized beyond their primary site, i.e., the uterine cavity. The etiology of this disease is rather complex. Its development is supported by hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. During recent years, particular attention has been focused on the genetic mechanisms that may be of particular significance for the increased incidence rates of endometriosis. According to most recent studies, ESR2 and CYP19A1 genes may account for the potential risk factors of infertility associated with endometriosis. The paper presents a thorough review of the latest reports and data concerning the genetic background of the risk for endometriosis development.
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Méar L, Herr M, Fauconnier A, Pineau C, Vialard F. Polymorphisms and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:73-102. [PMID: 31821471 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder that affects at least 10% of women of reproductive age. It may lead to infertility and non-specific symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain. Endometriosis screening and diagnosis are difficult and time-consuming. Late diagnosis (with a delay ranging from 3.3 to 10.7 years) is a major problem and may contribute to disease progression and a worse response to treatment once initiated. Efficient screening tests might reduce this diagnostic delay. As endometriosis is presumed to be a complex disease with several genetic and non-genetic pathogenic factors, many researchers have sought to identify polymorphisms that predispose to this condition. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the most regularly reported polymorphisms in order to identify those that might predispose to endometriosis and might thus be of value in screening. SEARCH METHODS The MEDLINE database was searched for English-language publications on DNA polymorphisms in endometriosis, with no date restriction. The PubTator text mining tool was used to extract gene names from the selected publications' abstracts. We only selected polymorphisms reported by at least three studies, having applied strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to their control populations. No stratification based on ethnicity was performed. All steps were carried out according to PRISMA guidelines. OUTCOMES The initial selection of 395 publications cited 242 different genes. Sixty-two genes (corresponding to 265 different polymorphisms) were cited at least in three publications. After the application of our other selection criteria (an original case-control study of endometriosis, a reported association between endometriosis and at least one polymorphism, data on women of reproductive age and a diagnosis of endometriosis in the cases established by surgery and/or MRI and confirmed by histology), 28 polymorphisms were eligible for meta-analysis. Only five of the 28 polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with endometriosis: interferon gamma (IFNG) (CA) repeat, glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) null genotype, glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) rs1695 and wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 4 (WNT4) rs16826658 and rs2235529. Six others showed a significant trend towards an association: progesterone receptor (PGR) PROGINS, interCellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) rs1799969, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) rs2292596, cytochrome family 17 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1) rs743572, CYP2C19 rs4244285 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) rs1801282), and 12 showed a significant trend towards the lack of an association: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) rs1799964, interleukin 6 (IL6) rs1800796, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) rs1800469, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) rs2234693, PGR rs10895068, FSH receptor (FSHR) rs6166, ICAM1 rs5498, CYP1A1 rs4646903, CYP19A1 rs10046, tumor protein 53 (TP53) rs1042522, X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1 (XRCC1) rs25487 and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 1 (SERPINE1) rs1799889; however, for the 18 polymorphisms identified in the latter two groups, further studies of the potential association with the endometriosis risk are needed. The remaining five of the 28 polymorphisms were not associated with endometriosis: glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) null genotype, vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGFA) rs699947, rs833061, rs2010963 and rs3025039. WIDER IMPLICATIONS By carefully taking account of how the control populations were defined, we identified polymorphisms that might be candidates for use in endometriosis screening and polymorphisms not associated with endometriosis. This might constitute the first step towards identifying polymorphism combinations that predispose to endometriosis (IFNG (CA) repeat, GSTM1 null genotype, GSTP1 rs1695, WNT4 rs16826658 and WNT4 rs2235529) in a large cohort of patients with well-defined inclusion criteria. In turn, these results might improve the diagnosis of endometriosis in primary care. Lastly, our present findings may enable a better understanding of endometriosis and improve the management of patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Méar
- EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, F-78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S 1085, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France.,Protim, Univ Rennes, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Marie Herr
- INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, F-94807 Villejuif, France.,UMR-S 1168, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, F-78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Département Hospitalier d'Epidémiologie et Santé Publique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fauconnier
- EA7325-RISQ, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, F-78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, F-78303 Poissy, France
| | - Charles Pineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR_S 1085, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France.,Protim, Univ Rennes, F-35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - François Vialard
- EA7404-GIG, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ, F-78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Genetics Federation, CHI de Poissy St Germain en Laye, F-78303 Poissy, France
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Vassilopoulou L, Matalliotakis M, Zervou MI, Matalliotaki C, Krithinakis K, Matalliotakis I, Spandidos DA, Goulielmos GN. Defining the genetic profile of endometriosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3267-3281. [PMID: 30988702 PMCID: PMC6447774 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a pathological condition which has been extensively studied, since its pathophysiology stems from a broad spectrum of environmental influences and genetic factors. Familial studies aim at defining inheritance trends, while linkage analysis studies focus on the identification of genetic sites related to endometriosis susceptibility. Genetic association studies take into account candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms, and hence target at unraveling the association between disease severity and genetic variation. The common goal of various types of studies is, through genetic mapping methods, the timely identification of therapeutic strategies for disease symptoms, including pelvic pain and infertility, as well as efficient counselling. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) play a primary role in depicting genetic contributions to disease development, they entail a certain bias as regards the case-control nature of their design and the reproducibility of the results. Nevertheless, genetic-oriented studies and the implementation of the results through clinical tests, hold a considerable advantage in proper disease management. In this review article, we present information about gene-gene and gene-environment interactions involved in endometriosis and discuss the effectiveness of GWAS in identitying novel potential therapeutic targets in an attempt to develop novel therapeutic strategies for a better management and treatment of patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Vassilopoulou
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Michail Matalliotakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Maria I Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Charoula Matalliotaki
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Krithinakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71500, Greece
| | - Ioannis Matalliotakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Yi K, Yang L, Lan Z, Xi M. The association between CYP19 polymorphism and endometriosis risk: a system review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 199:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Umamaheswaran G, Kadambari D, Kumar ASA, Revathy M, Anjana R, Adithan C, Dkhar SA. Polymorphic genetic variations of cytochrome P450 19A1 and T-cell leukemia 1A genes in the Tamil population. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 39:102-113. [PMID: 25481307 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are anti-neoplastic drugs widely used for the treatment of endocrine responsive breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women. Drug disposition, efficacy and tolerability of these agents are influenced by germ-line polymorphisms in the sequence of the genes encoding CYP19A1 and TCL1A proteins. In the current work, we aimed to determine the haplotype structures, linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns, and allele and genotype frequency distribution of pharmacologically important variants from two genes (CYP19A1 and TCL1A) in Tamil population and assessed their ethnic differences. DNA derived from peripheral leukocytes of 111 healthy subjects were genotyped for 15 pharmacogenetic variants by real time thermocycler through allelic discrimination method using TaqMan 5' nuclease genotyping assay. The polymorphic variant allele frequencies of CYP19A1 were 42.3% (rs4646, T), 18% (rs10046, T), 36% (rs700519, T), 16.7% (rs700518, G), 26.1% (rs727479, G), 18% (rs4775936, T), 32% (rs10459592, G), 15.3% (rs1062033, C), 33.8% (rs749292, A), 40.1% (rs6493497, T) and 40.1% (rs7176005, G). TCL1A gene allele frequencies were 26.1% (rs7158782, G), 27% (rs7159713, G), 21.2% (rs2369049, G) and 27.5% (rs11849538, G). Comparing our data across the 5 HapMap populations (CEU, GIH, HCB, JPT and YRI) huge inter-ethnic differences were exhibited in the variant allele frequencies, LD patterns and haplotype blocks. Our results emphasize the importance of normative frequency documentation and will offer significant clinical relevance in personalizing AIs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Umamaheswaran
- ICMR Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India.
| | - Dharanipragada Kadambari
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Annan Sudarsan Arun Kumar
- ICMR Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Mohan Revathy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Alappuzha 690529, Kerala, India
| | - Raj Anjana
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Alappuzha 690529, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Adithan
- ICMR Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Steven Aibor Dkhar
- ICMR Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India
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Chen HY, Pang LH, Yang DM, Li MQ, Shi L. Association study between CYP17 gene polymorphism and endometriosis risk: a meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 41:497-504. [PMID: 25511200 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 subfamily 17 (CYP17) gene T > C polymorphism is associated with endometriosis risk. However, studies on the association between the genotyping of MspA1 polymorphism in the 5'-untranslated region of the CYP17 gene and endometriosis risk have reported controversial results. The aim of the present study was to obtain a more precise estimate of the relationship of CYP17 gene polymorphism with endometriosis risk. Relevant articles published up to April 2014 were obtained from Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Central electronic databases. Case-control studies about the association between CYP17 gene polymorphisms and endometriosis were selected. Eligible data were extracted by two independent reviewers. The strength of the association between CYP17 and endometriosis was assessed by pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Eligible case-control studies involving 1000 cases and 1167 controls were analyzed from 280 studies. The pooled results showed no association between the CYP17 gene T > C polymorphism and endometriosis risk in the overall population (CC vs TT: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.52-1.61, P = 0.762; TC vs TT: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.72-1.42, P = 0.949; dominant model: OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.64-1.39, P = 0.763; recessive model: OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.64-1.35, P = 0.712). In the subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, no significant association was found in Asians, Caucasians and mixed population under a recessive model (Asians: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.53-1.07, P = 0.118; Caucasians: OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 0.45-13.66, P = 0.300; mixed population: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.65-3.02, P = 0.712). In conclusion, the meta-analysis suggested that the CYP17 gene polymorphism was not associated with endometriosis risk. Considering the limited sample size and ethnicity included in our meta-analysis, an updated meta-analysis needs to be conducted when larger and more well-designed studies are published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Chen
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Kerimoglu OS, Yılmaz SA, Pekin A, Nergiz S, İncesu F, Dogan NU, Acar H, Celik C. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene polymorphisms in women with endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:1411-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wu CH, Yang JG, Chang YJ, Hsu CC, Kuo PL. Screening of a panel of steroid-related genes showed polymorphisms of aromatase genes confer susceptibility to advanced stage endometriosis in the Taiwanese Han population. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 52:485-92. [PMID: 24411031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a multilocus model for studying the effect of steroid-related genes on advanced stage endometriosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 121 patients with advanced stage endometriosis and 171 control women were included. Eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine genes (HSD17B1, HSD17B2, HSD17B5, HSD17B6, CYP17, CYP19, ERα, ERβ, and PGR) were genotyped using the TaqMan assays. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the genetic effects, with adjustment for other covariates. RESULTS Only the presence of the mutant CYP19 (aromatase gene) was associated with a significantly increased risk of endometriosis after adjusting for age, BMI, and parity (p = 0.002, OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.44-5.02). No association was ascertained between the other investigated SNPs and endometriosis. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of the aromatase gene confer susceptibility to advanced stage endometriosis in the Taiwanese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jyuer-Ger Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Chang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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KOBAYASHI HIROSHI, IMANAKA SHOGO, NAKAMURA HARUKI, TSUJI AYUMI. Understanding the role of epigenomic, genomic and genetic alterations in the development of endometriosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1483-505. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the gene polymorphisms underlying the functions of ovarian receptors and their clinical implications in the female fecundity. A selection of genetic studies revealing significant associations between receptor polymorphisms, gene mutations, and some pathological conditions (i.e., female infertility, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Universtita 4, Modena, 41121, Italy
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Szczepańska M, Wirstlein P, Skrzypczak J, Jagodziński PP. Polymorphic variants of CYP17 and CYP19A and risk of infertility in endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92:1188-93. [PMID: 23809139 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometriosis is recognized as an estrogen-dependent disease. There are conflicting data demonstrating single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP17 and CYP19 steroidogenic genes as related to endometriosis risk. We assessed the CYP17 5'-untranslated region -34 A/G (rs743572) and CYP19 Ex10 + C1558T (rs10046) SNPs in stage I-II endometriosis. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Division of reproduction at a university department in Poland. POPULATION A total of 115 women with diagnosed stage I-II endometriosis according to the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) classification and 197 fertile women as controls. METHODS The SNPs CYP17 -34 A/G and CYP19 Ex10 + C1558T were identified by high-resolution melting curve analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genotype prevalence and odds ratio for recessive and dominant genetic model for CYP17 and CYP19 SNPs. RESULTS We observed a significantly increased CYP17 GG and GA genotype frequency in women diagnosed with rASRM stage I-II endometriosis compared with fertile women (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.2, p = 0.002). We also found a significantly increased CYP17 G allele frequency in cases compared with controls (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.2, p = 0.004). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the CYP17 GG genotype and CYP19 Ex10 + C1558T polymorphism between women diagnosed with rASRM stage I-II endometriosis and controls. CONCLUSION The CYP17 -34 G variant, previously associated with increased 17β-estradiol production, displayed a contribution to stage I-II endometriosis in women from a Polish population. Increased 17β-estradiol concentration in carriers of the CYP17 -34 G variant might contribute to endometriosis and associated pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Szczepańska
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Umamaheswaran G, Dkhar SA, Kalaivani S, Anjana R, Revathy M, Jaharamma M, Shree KML, Kadambari D, Adithan C. Haplotype structures and functional polymorphic variants of the drug target enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1) in South Indian population. Med Oncol 2013; 30:665. [PMID: 23893151 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CYP19A1 gene product aromatase (CYP19A1) is a 58-kDa protein and belongs to the member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which facilitates the bioconversion of estrogens from androgens. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP19A1 affect the activity of the enzyme and have been implicated in the association of estrogen-dependent disease, prognosis, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity of third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Based on ethnicity, the frequency distribution of CYP19A1 alleles will differ, and until now, no data are available for Indians. Using qRT-PCR with TaqMan assays, the frequencies of functionally important polymorphic variants of CYP19A1 gene were determined in 163 healthy subjects of South Indian origin. The observed frequencies of the CYP19A1 minor alleles for the SNPs rs4646 (T), rs10046 (T), rs700519 (T), rs700518 (G), rs727479 (G), rs4775936 (T), rs10459592 (G), rs749292 (A), rs6493497 (T), and rs7176005 (A) are 41.1 (35.8-46.4), 20.0 (15.6-24.3), 33.7 (28.6-38.9), 17.8 (13.6-21.9), 25.8 (21.0-30.5), 19.9 (15.6-24.3), 33.7 (28.6-38.9), 24.9 (20.2-29.5), 35.9 (30.7-41.1), and 35.9 (30.7-41.1), respectively. Strong linkage disequilibrium existed between CYP19A1 SNPs, and sixteen different haplotype structures with a frequency >1% were derived from all the 10 SNPs tested. The most common being the haplotype (H1) GCTATCTGTG with a frequency of about 17.8%. Gender-specific assessment showed significant difference in the allele frequency for rs749292 (p < 0.04), and greater inter-ethnic variation was detected in the distribution of CYP19A1 variants except for rs727479. Our results could provide preliminary insight for further pharmacogenetic investigations of AIs as well as for subsequent molecular epidemiological studies on the contribution of these variants to the occurrence and development of estrogen-dependent disease in South Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Umamaheswaran
- ICMR Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 605006, India.
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Wang HS, Wu HM, Cheng BH, Yen CF, Chang PY, Chao A, Lee YS, Huang HD, Wang TH. Functional analyses of endometriosis-related polymorphisms in the estrogen synthesis and metabolism-related genes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47374. [PMID: 23139742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is determined by genetic factors, and the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms varies greatly depending on the ethnic group studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 9 genes involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism and the risks of endometriosis. Three hundred patients with endometriosis and 337 non-endometriotic controls were recruited. Thirty four non-synonymous SNPs, which change amino acid residues, were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The functions of SNP-resulted amino acid changes were analyzed using multiple web-accessible databases and phosphorylation predicting algorithms. Among the 34 NCBI-listed SNPs, 22 did not exhibit polymorphism in this study of more than 600 Taiwanese Chinese women. However, homozygous and heterozygous mutants of 4 SNPs - rs6165 (genotype GG+GA, 307(Ala/Ala)+307(Ala/Thr)) of FSHR, rs 6166 (genotype GG+GA, 680(Ser/Asn)+680(Ser/Ser)) of FSHR, rs2066479 (genotype AA+AG, 289(Ser/Ser)+289(Ser/Gly)) of HSD17B3 and rs700519 (genotype TT+TC, 264(Cys/Cys)+264(Cys/Arg)) of CYP19, alone or in combination, were significantly associated with decreased risks of endometriosis. Bioinformatics results identified 307(Thr) of FSHR to be a site for O-linked glycosylation, 680(Ser) of FSHR a phosphorylated site by protein kinase B, and 289(Ser) of HSD17B3 a phosphorylated site by protein kinase B or ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1. Results of this study suggest that non-synonymous polymorphisms of FSHR, HSD17B3 and CYP19 genes may modulate the risk of endometriosis in Taiwanese Chinese women. Identification of the endometrosis-preferential non-synonymous SNPs and the conformational changes in those proteins may pave the way for the development of more disease-specific drugs.
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Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex disease arising from the interplay between multiple genetic and environmental factors. The genetic variants potentially underlying the hereditary component of endometriosis have been widely investigated through hypothesis-driven candidate gene studies, an approach that generally has proven to be inherently difficult and problematic for a number of reasons. Recently, through major collaborative efforts in the endometriosis research field, hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches have started to provide new insights into potential pathways leading to development of endometriosis, as well as highlighting the phenotypic heterogeneity of the condition. This review summarizes the most recent studies investigating the genetic variation contributing to endometriosis, with a particular focus on genome-wide approaches, and discusses promising future directions of genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stacey A. Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Krina T. Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hu X, Zhou Y, Feng Q, Wang R, Su L, Long J, Wei B. Association of endometriosis risk and genetic polymorphisms involving biosynthesis of sex steroids and their receptors: an updating meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 164:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Trabert B, Schwartz SM, Peters U, De Roos AJ, Chen C, Scholes D, Holt VL. Genetic variation in the sex hormone metabolic pathway and endometriosis risk: an evaluation of candidate genes. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:1401-1406.e3. [PMID: 21958689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between common genetic variation in genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of estrogen and progesterone and endometriosis risk. DESIGN Genetic polymorphism analysis. SETTING Population-based case-control study conducted in Group Health Cooperative enrollees in western Washington. PATIENT(S) Women with newly diagnosed, surgically confirmed endometriosis between 1996 and 2001 (n = 256) and age- and reference year-matched female control subjects without a history of endometriosis (n = 567). INTERVENTIONS(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We evaluated the relationship between common genetic variation and endometriosis risk, using gene-based tests and single-variant analysis of genetic polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, PGR, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, HSD17B1, HSD17B2, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, COMT, and GSTM1. RESULT(S) The most consistent gene-based association with endometriosis risk was for CYP19A1. We did not find evidence for consistent significant associations between previously reported candidate SNPs in sex hormone-related genes and endometriosis risk. CONCLUSION(S) In summary, we report increased endometriosis risk with CYP19A1 gene-based tests; replication of the association between endometriosis and this gene or gene region is necessary in a larger study population.
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Lamp M, Peters M, Reinmaa E, Haller-Kikkatalo K, Kaart T, Kadastik U, Karro H, Metspalu A, Salumets A. Polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2 and HSD17B1 genes are associated with fertility status in endometriosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:425-33. [PMID: 20586553 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.495434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether polymorphisms in genes involved in biosynthesis and signalling of sex steroids influence susceptibility to endometriosis and to infertility associated with it. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with endometriosis (n = 150) and fertile controls (n = 199) were genotyped for polymorphisms in oestrogen receptor genes ESR1 (rs2234693 - T/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), dinucleotide (TA)(n) repeat) and ESR2 (dinucleotide (CA)(n) repeat), progesterone receptor gene PGR (rs10895068 - G/A SNP, 306-bp Alu-insertion), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 gene HSD17B1 (rs605059 - A/G SNP), and aromatase gene CYP19A1 (rs10046 - C/T SNP, (TTTA)(n) tetranucleotide repeat, 3-bp TCT insertion/deletion polymorphism). RESULTS The HSD17B1 A/G SNP A allele increased overall endometriosis risk and the risk of stage I-II disease, while ESR1 longer (TA)(n) repeats only correlated with susceptibility to stage I-II endometriosis. When considering patients' fertility status, HSD17B1 A/G SNP A allele and ESR1 longer (TA)(n) repeats were associated with endometriosis accompanied by infertility, while ESR2 shorter (CA)(n) repeats were linked with endometriosis without infertility. Other polymorphisms were distributed similarly among patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants in ESR1, ESR2, and HSD17B1 genes could modify susceptibility to endometriosis and might influence the fertility status in endometriosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merit Lamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Wang HS, Cheng BH, Wu HM, Yen CF, Liu CT, Chao A, Wang TH. A mutant single nucleotide polymorphism of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor is associated with a lower risk of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:455-7. [PMID: 20817169 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Six hundred thirty-seven Taiwanese Chinese women including 300 patients with endometriosis and 337 controls without endometriosis were enrolled to investigate the association between nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism of the FSH receptor gene and the risk of endometriosis. For the A/G polymorphism of FSH receptor gene (Asn680Ser), a univariate analysis for women with endometriosis demonstrated that both the GG genotype (680Ser/Ser) and GA genotype (680Ser/Asn) were associated with a significantly lower risk of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Shih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Uno S, Zembutsu H, Hirasawa A, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Akahane T, Aoki D, Kamatani N, Hirata K, Nakamura Y. A genome-wide association study identifies genetic variants in the CDKN2BAS locus associated with endometriosis in Japanese. Nat Genet 2010; 42:707-10. [PMID: 20601957 DOI: 10.1038/ng.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of endometriosis is not well understood, genetic factors have been considered to have critical roles in its etiology. Through a genome-wide association study and a replication study using a total of 1,907 Japanese individuals with endometriosis (cases) and 5,292 controls, we identified a significant association of endometriosis with rs10965235 (P = 5.57 x 10(-12), odds ratio = 1.44), which is located in CDKN2BAS on chromosome 9p21, encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA. By fine mapping, the SNP showing the strongest association was located in intron 16 of CDKN2BAS and was implicated in regulating the expression of p15, p16 and p14. A SNP, rs16826658, in the LD block including WNT4 on chromosome 1p36, which is considered to play an important role in the development of the female genital tract, revealed a possible association with endometriosis (P = 1.66 x 10(-6), odds ratio = 1.20). Our findings suggest that these regions are new susceptibility loci for endometriosis.
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Litridis I, Kapnoulas N, Natisvili T, Agiannitopoulos K, Peraki O, Ntostis P, Pantos K, Lamnissou K. Genetic variation in the CYP17 gene and recurrent spontaneous abortions. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 283:289-93. [PMID: 20069306 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-009-1348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The CYP17 gene encodes the enzyme cytochrome P450c17α, which functions at key steps in the synthesis process of human sex steroid hormones. A T/C polymorphism in the 5' promoter region of the CYP17 gene has been described previously. Serum levels of androgens and estrogens have been shown to be elevated in individuals who carry the C substitution (Α2 allele). We hypothesized that variability in genes that control the sex hormone (estrogens, testosterone) biosynthesis might affect the pregnancy outcome. In the present study, we investigated the possible association between the T/C polymorphism of the promoter of CYP17 gene and the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortions in the Greek population. METHODS In the prospective case-control study, 148 patients and 134 healthy controls were studied. Women who had at least three unexplained spontaneous abortions before 20 weeks of gestation were included in the patient group. The PCR-RFLP method was used to genotype the subjects. RESULTS The frequencies of A1A1, A1A2, A2A2 genotypes were 0.34, 0.52, 0.14, respectively, in the patient group and 0.32, 0.47, 0.21, respectively, in the control group. The allele frequencies were 0.595 and 0.405 for A1 and A2, in the patient group and 0.555 and 0.445 for A1 and A2, respectively, in the control group. The data between the two groups were analyzed by χ(2) test. Our results showed that there are no significant differences in genotype (P = 0.3883) or in allele frequencies (P = 0.3800) between the patient and the control group. CONCLUSION The T/C promoter polymorphism of the CYP17 gene is not associated with the risk for recurrent spontaneous abortions in our Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos Litridis
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Bozdag G, Alp A, Saribas Z, Tuncer S, Aksu T, Gurgan T. CYP17 and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in patients with endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 20:286-90. [PMID: 20113968 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis seems to be the result of a complex interaction between environmental factors and various genes. In this regard, the cytochrome subfamily 17 (CYP17) may play an important role by altering the biosynthesis of sex steroids. CYP2C19 is also an important member of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, and related mutations may result in an inability to fully metabolize environmental chemicals and cytokines, leading to several diseases. This study sought to determine whether there is a relationship between endometriosis and CYP17 T>C, CYP2C19 *2 and CYP2C19 *3 polymorphisms. When samples from 46 patients with endometriosis and 39 healthy controls were analysed, A2A2 type mutation of the CYP17 gene was observed to be more frequent in patients with endometriosis (34.8 versus 7.7%, P = 0.003). No association was found between the severity of endometriosis and CYP2C19 *2 or CYP2C19 *3 polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene. These results suggest that mutations related with sex steroid metabolism seem to have an important role in endometriosis. However, the relation between detoxification ability and endometriosis should be examined in further studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkan Bozdag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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