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Altieri MA, da Silva AS, da Silva Moreira S, Zapaterini JR, Arena AC, Barbisan LF. Safety of lactational exposure to venlafaxine on the rat mammary gland development and carcinogenesis in F1 female offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108451. [PMID: 37532207 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The chronic use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may result in human gynecomastia, mammoplasia, galactorrhea, and elevated breast cancer risk. As antidepressants are frequently used for postpartum depression (PPD) treatment, this study investigated the adverse effects of lactational exposure to venlafaxine (VENL, a selective SNRI) on mammary gland development and carcinogenesis in F1 female offspring. Thus, lactating Wistar rats (F0) received VENL by oral gavage at daily doses of 3.85, 7.7, or 15.4 mg/kg (N = 9, each group) from lactational day (LD 1) until the weaning of the offspring (LD 21). F1 female offspring were euthanized for mammary gland, and ovary histological analyses on the post-natal day (PND) 22 and 30 (1 pup/litter/period, N = 9, each group). At PND 22, other females (2 pups/litter, N = 18, each group) received a single dose of carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU, 50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for tumor susceptibility assay until PND 250. Tumor incidence and latency were recorded and representative tumor samples were collected for histopathology. The results indicate that lactational exposure to VENL did not alter the development of the mammary gland (epithelial ductal tree or the mean number of terminal end buds), or the ovary (weight and primary, secondary, tertiary, and Graafian follicles) in prepubertal F1 female offspring. In addition, VENL exposure did not influence tumor incidence or tumor latency in adult female offspring that received MNU. Thus, the findings of this animal study indicated that lactational VENL exposure, a period similar to human PPD, did not exert an adverse effect on the mammary gland development at the prepubertal phase or on chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis in adult F1 female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Augusto Altieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Anielly Sarana da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Suyane da Silva Moreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Regina Zapaterini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Freeman JR, Whitcomb BW, Bertone-Johnson ER, Balzer LB, O'Brien LM, Dunietz GL, Purdue-Smithe AC, Kim K, Silver RM, Schisterman EF, Mumford SL. Preconception sleep duration, sleep timing, and shift work in association with fecundability and live birth among women with a history of pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2023; 119:252-263. [PMID: 36586812 PMCID: PMC9899515 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between preconception sleep characteristics and shift work with fecundability and live birth. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction study, a preconception cohort. SETTING Four US academic medical centers. PATIENT(S) Women aged 18-40 with a history of 1-2 pregnancy losses who were attempting to conceive again. INTERVENTION(S) Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES(S) We evaluated baseline, self-reported sleep duration, sleep midpoint, social jetlag, and shift work among 1,228 women who were observed for ≤6 cycles of pregnancy attempts to ascertain fecundability. We ascertained live birth at the end of follow up via chart abstraction. We estimated fecundability odds ratios (FORs) using discrete, Cox proportional hazards models and risk ratios (RRs) for live birth using log-Poisson models. RESULT(S) Sleep duration ≥9 vs. 7 to <8 hours (FOR: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61; 1.08), later sleep midpoints (3rd tertile vs. 2nd tertile: FOR: 0.85; 95% CI, 0.69, 1.04) and social jetlag (continuous per hour; FOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00) were not associated with reduced fecundability. In sensitivity analyses, excluding shift workers, sleep duration ≥9 vs. 7 to <8 hours (FOR: 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42; 0.93) was associated with low fecundability. Night shift work was not associated with fecundability (vs. non-night shift work FOR: 1.17, 95% CI, 0.96; 1.42). Preconception sleep was not associated with live birth. CONCLUSION(S) Overall, there does not appear to be a strong association between sleep characteristics, fecundability, and live birth. Although these findings may suggest weak and imprecise associations with some sleep characteristics, our findings should be evaluated in larger cohorts of women with extremes of sleep characteristics. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00467363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Freeman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts; Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth R Bertone-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts; Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Laura B Balzer
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Louise M O'Brien
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Galit L Dunietz
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexandra C Purdue-Smithe
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keewan Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Alkhalaf Z, Kim K, Kuhr DL, Radoc JG, Purdue-Smithe A, Pollack AZ, Yisahak SF, Silver RM, Thoma M, Kissell K, Perkins NJ, Sjaarda LA, Mumford SL. Markers of vitamin D metabolism and premenstrual symptoms in healthy women with regular cycles. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1808-1820. [PMID: 33864070 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, and other markers of vitamin D metabolism, associated with premenstrual symptoms in healthy women with regular menstrual cycles? SUMMARY ANSWER 25(OH)D insufficiency was associated with specific physical premenstrual symptoms, while no associations were observed with psychological symptoms or with other markers of vitamin D metabolism. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Prior studies evaluating vitamin D and premenstrual symptoms have yielded mixed results, and it is unknown whether 25(OH)D insufficiency and other markers of vitamin D metabolism are associated with premenstrual symptoms. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We used two cohorts of women with regular menstrual cycles; 1191 women aged 18-40 years in EAGeR (cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort within a randomized trial) and 76 women aged 18-44 years in BioCycle (prospective cohort). In EAGeR, premenstrual symptoms over the previous year were assessed at baseline, whereas in BioCycle, symptoms were assessed prospectively at multiple points over two menstrual cycles with symptoms queried over the previous week. In both cohorts, symptomatology was assessed via questionnaire regarding presence and severity of 14 physical and psychological symptoms the week before and after menses. Both studies measured 25(OH)D in serum. We also evaluated the association of additional markers of vitamin D metabolism and calcium homeostasis, including intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium (Ca), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) with premenstrual symptoms in the BioCycle cohort. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS One cohort of women actively seeking pregnancy (Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR)) and one cohort not seeking pregnancy (BioCycle) were evaluated. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs for associations between insufficient 25(OH)D (<30 ng/ml) and individual premenstrual symptoms, adjusting for age, BMI, race, smoking, income, physical activity, and season of blood draw. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE 25(OH)D insufficiency was associated with increased risk of breast fullness/tenderness (EAGeR RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03, 1.55; BioCycle RR 1.37, 95% CI 0.56, 3.32) and generalized aches and pains (EAGeR RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01, 1.78; BioCycle 1.36, 95% CI 0.41, 4.45), though results were imprecise in the BioCycle study. No associations were observed between insufficient 25(OH)D and psychological symptoms in either cohort. In BioCycle, iPTH, Ca, FGF23, and 1,25(OH) 2D were not associated with any premenstrual symptoms. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Results from the EAGeR study were limited by the study design, which assessed both 25(OH)D at baseline and individual premenstrual symptoms over the past year at the baseline. As such, reverse causality is a potential concern. Though premenstrual symptoms were assessed prospectively in the BioCycle cohort, the power was limited due to small sample size. However, results were fairly consistent across both studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Serum 25(OH)D may be associated with risk and severity of specific physical premenstrual symptoms. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Contract nos. HHSN267200603423, HHSN267200603424, and HHSN267200603426). JG.R. and D.L.K. have been funded by the NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, a public-private partnership jointly supported by the NIH and generous contributions to the Foundation for the NIH by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Grant #2014194), the American Association for Dental Research, the Colgate Palmolive Company, Genentech, and other private donors. For a complete list, visit the foundation website at http://www.fnih.org. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00467363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Alkhalaf
- Maternal and Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D L Kuhr
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J G Radoc
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Purdue-Smithe
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Z Pollack
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - S F Yisahak
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Thoma
- Maternal and Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Kissell
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Guthrie Medical Group, PC, Sayre, PA, USA
| | - N J Perkins
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L A Sjaarda
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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