General infertility workup in times of high assisted reproductive technology efficacy

Moving toward Narrowing the United States Gap in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Next Decade

The Disparities in Assisted Reproductive Technology (DART) hypothesis, initially described in 2013 and further modified in 2022, is a conceptual framework to examine the scope and depth of underlying contributing factors to the differences in access and treatment outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities undergoing ART in the United States. In 2009, the World Health Organization defined infertility as a disease of the reproductive system, thus recognizing it as a medical problem warranting treatment. Now, infertility care is largely recognized as a human right. However, disparities in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) care in the US persist today. While several studies and review articles have suggested possible solutions to racial and ethnic disparities in access and outcomes in ART, few have accounted for and addressed the multiple complex factors contributing to these disparities on a systemic level. This review aims to acknowledge and address the myriad of contributing factors through the DART hypothesis which converge in racial/ethnic disparities in ART and considers possible solutions to effect large scale societal change by narrowing these gaps within the next decade.

Fertility workups: the times they are a-changin'

The workup of patients seeking assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments has been modified by the tremendous improvements in ART efficacy accomplished recently. Moreover, the fact that ART is nowadays also offered to women who are not necessarily infertile-seeking genetic testing of their embryos-lead to important changes in how we investigate ART candidates. All the facets of these changes have been reviewed in the present introduction to this View-and-Review series on modern-day infertility workups.