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Torre M, Morganti S, Pasqualini FS, Reali A. Current progress toward isogeometric modeling of the heart biophysics. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041301. [PMID: 38510845 PMCID: PMC10903424 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we review a powerful methodology to solve complex numerical simulations, known as isogeometric analysis, with a focus on applications to the biophysical modeling of the heart. We focus on the hemodynamics, modeling of the valves, cardiac tissue mechanics, and on the simulation of medical devices and treatments. For every topic, we provide an overview of the methods employed to solve the specific numerical issue entailed by the simulation. We try to cover the complete process, starting from the creation of the geometrical model up to the analysis and post-processing, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Torre
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Morganti
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Pasqualini
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Reali
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Lee A, Liu X, Giaretta JE, Hoang TP, Crago M, Farajikhah S, Mosse L, Fletcher DF, Dehghani F, Winlaw DS, Naficy S. Bioinspired polymeric heart valves: A combined in vitro and in silico approach. JTCVS OPEN 2023; 15:113-124. [PMID: 37808055 PMCID: PMC10556942 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Polymeric heart valves (PHVs) may address the limitations of mechanical and tissue valves in the treatment of valvular heart disease. In this study, a bioinspired valve was designed, assessed in silico, and validated by an in vitro model to develop a valve with optimum function for pediatric applications. Methods A bioinspired heart valve was created computationally with leaflet curvature derived from native valve anatomies. A valve diameter of 18 mm was chosen to approach sizes suitable for younger patients. Valves of different thicknesses were fabricated via dip-coating with siloxane-based polyurethane and tested in a pulse duplicator for their hydrodynamic function. The same valves were tested computationally using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian plus immersed solid approach, in which the fluid-structure interaction between the valves and fluid passing through them was studied and compared with experimental data. Results Computational analysis showed that valves of 110 to 200 μm thickness had effective orifice areas (EOAs) of 1.20 to 1.30 cm2, with thinner valves exhibiting larger openings. In vitro tests demonstrated that PHVs of similar thickness had EOAs of 1.05 to 1.35 cm2 and regurgitant fractions (RFs) <7%. Valves with thinner leaflets exhibited optimal systolic performance, whereas thicker valves had lower RFs. Conclusions Bioinspired PHVs demonstrated good hydrodynamic performance that exceeded ISO 5840-2 standards. Both methods of analysis showed similar correlations between leaflet thickness and valve systolic function. Further development of this PHV may lead to enhanced durability and thus a more reliable heart valve replacement than contemporary options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeryne Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Xinying Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - Jacopo Emilio Giaretta
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - Thanh Phuong Hoang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - Matthew Crago
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - Syamak Farajikhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Luke Mosse
- Leap Australia, Clayton North, Australia
| | - David Frederick Fletcher
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - David Scott Winlaw
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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