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Ma WH, Wu WQ, Song HL, Lei J, Li LX. Effects of different pollination methods on tomato fruits' quality and metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2025; 16:1560186. [PMID: 40256596 PMCID: PMC12006744 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1560186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025]
Abstract
Bee pollination can affect tomato yield and quality. The mechanism of improving the yield and quality of tomatoes by bee pollination is not clear, and few studies have been conducted. To understand how bee pollination affects tomato quality, by using respectively weighing, vernier caliper, handheld refractometer, pH meter to measure single fruit weight, fruit size, the sugar content, and the pH value, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine endogenous hormone content, and LC-MS to perform untargeted metabolomics analysis, we compared these physiological indicators, endogenous hormone levels, and metabolism of tomato fruits pollinated after honeybee, bumblebee, and plan growth regulator (PGR) pollination. Our results indicate that the tomatoes pollinated by bumblebees were heavier and larger than those pollinated by honeybees and PGR. The sugar content of tomatoes pollinated by honeybees and bumblebees significantly respectively increased by 7.96% and 10.18% than that of tomatoes pollinated by PGR. The pH value of tomatoes pollinated by honeybees (3.99 ± 0.02) and bumblebees (3.94 ± 0.03) was significantly lower than that of tomatoes pollinated by PGR (4.19 ± 0.04) (p < 0.05). Different pollination methods significantly affected the content of endogenous hormones in fruits. In five endogenous hormones, the highest content was gibberellin (GA) in honeybee pollination treatment, IAA in bumblebee treatment, and the highest contents were abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZT), and N 6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenosine (iPA) in PGR treatment. It is speculated that different pollination methods may regulate the maturity and quality of tomatoes through different hormone levels. There were respectively five different metabolites (three upregulated and two downregulated), 95 different metabolites (59 upregulated and 36 downregulated), and 95 different metabolites (56 upregulated and 39 downregulated) in honeybee pollination vs. bumblebee pollination, honeybee pollination vs. PGR pollination, and bumblebee pollination vs. PGR pollination. Metabolites are mainly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis. Compared with PGR pollination, the metabolism of amino acids, vitamins, sugars, flavor substances, and organic acids with antioxidant physiological effects in honeybee pollination and bumblebee pollination groups was significantly higher. It can be inferred that the tomato fruit after bee pollination may have a better taste and is favorable to resisting diseases. These results provide valuable insight for uncovering the mechanism of how bee pollination enhances tomato fruit flavor and will enhance our understanding of interactions between bee pollinators and fruit development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University,
Taiyuan, China
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Liu Z, Yang C, He J, Zhang L, Xing X, Zhang K, Yu H, Zhang Z, Wu H, Cheng F, Cao Y, Wang L. Characterization of Metabolites and Transcriptome of Pepper Accessions from Four Southern Provinces of China. Genes (Basel) 2025; 16:137. [PMID: 40004466 PMCID: PMC11855839 DOI: 10.3390/genes16020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a widely grown vegetable and spice crop worldwide. This study aims to reveal the differences of metabolites among pepper accessions from different regions and explore candidate genes related to metabolites of pepper. METHODS The metabolome and transcriptome of 36 pepper accessions were determined by widely targeted metabolomics analysis and RNA sequencing technology, and the differential metabolites and differential genes among C. annuum from four important pepper production and consumption provinces of China, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan, were analyzed. RESULTS Flavonoids are the main characteristic metabolites that distinguish pepper accessions from Yun_Gui_Chuan Group and Hunan Group. The aglycones of characteristic flavonoids in each group are different; in Yun_Gui_Chuan Group mainly are luteolin, quercetin, chrysoeriol and isorhamnetin; in Hunan Group mainly are apigenin. Transcriptome data showed that two genes related to flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase differed significantly between the two groups of chili peppers, and we speculated that they may be the core enzymes regulating their flavonoid profile. And an SNP mutation located in gene Cgla06g001871 showed a strong correlation with pepper accessions from Yun_Gui_Chuan Group, which can be used as a DNA marker to identify pepper accessions from Yun_Gui_Chuan Group, and provide strong support for regional specialty variety conservation. In addition, we also analyzed the metabolites related to the taste and nutrition of pepper accessions in the four provinces, and the results showed that the sugar content of pepper accessions from Guizhou was low and the capsaicinoids content of pepper accessions from Sichuan was low, while no significant difference was found in acid and vitamin contents among pepper accessions from the four provinces. CONCLUSIONS The metabolome and transcriptome of 36 pepper accessions from four important pepper production and consumption provinces of China were determined, and the characteristic metabolites and expressed genes of pepper accessions from each province were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Chuangchuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Jianwen He
- Guizhou Pepper Research Institute, Guiyang 550006, China;
| | - Lingkui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Xiaolin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Hailong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhenghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Huamao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Yacong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Lihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.L.); (C.Y.); (L.Z.); (X.X.); (K.Z.); (H.Y.); (Z.Z.); (H.W.); (F.C.); (L.W.)
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Wei X, Du Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Yang S, Su H, Wang Z, Wei F, Tian B, Yang H, Zhang X, Yuan Y. Comparative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Defense Mechanism of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) against Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10440. [PMID: 39408769 PMCID: PMC11476981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) ranks among the most cultivated and consumed vegetables in China. A major threat to its production is Plasmodiophora brassicae, which causes large root tumors, obstructing nutrient and water absorption and resulting in plant withering. This study used a widely targeted metabolome technique to identify resistance-related metabolites in resistant (DH40R) and susceptible (DH199S) Chinese cabbage varieties after inoculation with P. brassicae. This study analyzed disease-related metabolites during different periods, identifying 257 metabolites linked to resistance, enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and 248 metabolites linked to susceptibility, enriched in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Key metabolites and genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway were upregulated at 5 days post-inoculation (DPI), suggesting their role in disease resistance. In the arachidonic acid pathway, linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid were upregulated at 5 and 22 DPI in resistant plants, while arachidonic acid was upregulated at 22 DPI in susceptible plants, leading to the conclusion that arachidonic acid may be a response substance in susceptible plants after inoculation. Many genes enriched in these pathways were differentially expressed in DH40R and DH199S. The research provided insights into the defense mechanisms of Chinese cabbage against P. brassicae through combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingyi Du
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shuangjuan Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Henan Su
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haohui Yang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Vegetables, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (X.W.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (H.S.); (Z.W.); (F.W.); (B.T.); (H.Y.)
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Ajijah N, Fiodor A, Dziurzynski M, Stasiuk R, Pawlowska J, Dziewit L, Pranaw K. Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas protegens ML15 against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold on postharvest tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1288408. [PMID: 38143572 PMCID: PMC10748600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1288408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major cause of post-harvest rot of fresh fruits and vegetables. The utilization of selected microorganisms as biocontrol agents is a promising alternative to effectively control gray mold on tomatoes. The current study was conducted to explore potential biocontrol mechanisms of the Pseudomonas strain to control infections on post-harvest tomatoes. Among the 8 tested bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas protegens ML15 demonstrated antagonistic activity to Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, P. protegens ML15 exhibited the production of siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, exopolysaccharides, lipase, biosurfactant, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, and several other antifungal compounds, such as 1-tetradecanol, cyclododecane, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and 2-methyl-1-hexadecanol. A comprehensive genomic analysis of P. protegens ML15 unravels 18 distinct genetic regions with the potential for biosynthesizing secondary metabolites, known for their pivotal role in biocontrol responses against plant pathogens. In vivo, experiments showed that both culture suspension and cell-free supernatant of P. protegens ML15 significantly reduced fungal growth (53.0 ± 0.63%) and mitigated disease development (52.8 ± 1.5%) in cherry tomatoes at four days post-B. cinerea inoculation. During the infection, the application of P. protegens ML15 resulted in the augmentation of total antioxidant, phenolic content, and ascorbic acids content. Thus, our results suggested that P. protegens ML15's role as a biocontrol agent against B. cinerea-induced postharvest tomato decay achieved through the secretion of antifungal substances, induction of tomato defense responses, and inhibition of mycelial growth of B. cinerea. These findings provide a significant contribution to the ongoing search for alternative, eco-friendly methods of controlling gray mold in fresh products. The utilization of P. protegens ML15 as a biocontrol agent could help to reduce the reliance on chemical fungicides and promote sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ajijah
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Fiodor
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Dziurzynski
- Department of Biology (DBIO), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert Stasiuk
- Department of Geomicrobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Pawlowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Wu Z, Shang X, Liu G, Xie Y. Comparative analysis of flavonoids, polyphenols and volatiles in roots, stems and leaves of five mangroves. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15529. [PMID: 37366424 PMCID: PMC10290835 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove plants contain a variety of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and volatiles, which are important for their survival and adaptation to the coastal environment, as well as for producing bioactive compounds. To reveal differences in these compounds among five mangrove species' leaf, root, and stem, the total contents of flavonoids and polyphenols, types and contents of volatiles were determined, analyzed and compared. The results showed that Avicennia marina leaves contained the highest levels of flavonoids and phenolics. In mangrove parts, flavonoids are usually higher than phenolic compounds. A total of 532 compounds were detected by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method in the leaf, root, and stem parts of five mangrove species. These were grouped into 18 classes, including alcohols, aldehydes, alkaloids, alkanes, etc. The number of volatile compounds in A. ilicifolius (176) and B. gymnorrhiza (172) was lower than in the other three species. The number of volatile compounds and their relative contents differed among all three parts of five mangrove species, where the mangrove species factor had a greater impact than the part factor. A total of 71 common compounds occurring in more than two species or parts were analyzed by a PLS-DA model. One-way ANOVA revealed 18 differential compounds among mangrove species and nine differential compounds among parts. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that both unique and common compounds significantly differed in composition and concentration between species and parts. In general, A. ilicifolius and B. gymnorrhiza differed significantly from the other species in terms of compound content, while the leaves differed significantly from the other parts. VIP screening and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on 17 common compounds closely related to mangrove species or parts. These compounds were mainly involved in terpenoid pathways such as C10 isoprenoids and C15 isoprenoids and fatty alcohols. The correlation analysis showed that the content of flavonoids/phenolics, the number of compounds, and the content of some common compounds in mangroves were correlated with their salt and waterlogging tolerance levels. These findings will help in the development of genetic varieties and medicinal utilization of mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuhua Shang
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojian Xie
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Singh DP, Bisen MS, Shukla R, Prabha R, Maurya S, Reddy YS, Singh PM, Rai N, Chaubey T, Chaturvedi KK, Srivastava S, Farooqi MS, Gupta VK, Sarma BK, Rai A, Behera TK. Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012062. [PMID: 36292920 PMCID: PMC9603451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Yesaru S. Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chaubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
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