Effect of fish (Catla catla) frying on the quality characteristics of sunflower oil

Effects and mechanisms of microencapsulation on the regulation in typical activities and flavor stability of Sichuan pepper oleoresin used for food processing and storage

Microencapsulation is considered to be an effective means to overcome the defects of Sichuan pepper oleoresin (SPO) and to enhance applications. To explore the improvement effect of microencapsulation on SPO in practical applications, the typical activities and flavor stability under different processing and storage conditions of SPO before and after embedding by sodium octenyl succinate starch-tea polyphenols complexes were investigated based on our previous study. The results indicated that microencapsulation improved the stability and water solubility of SPO, causing the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities to increase by 51.39 and 21.16 times. Although the flavor of SPO was highly unstable, encapsulation resisted the flavor deterioration of SPO during processing and storage, which was fundamentally attributed to the fact that coating and antioxidant effect of wall material reduced the dispersion of SPO and controlled its peroxide value to 59.59-89.23 meq/kg. This has important implications for improving the processing quality of flavored foods.

Different frying processes stimulate lipid peroxidation and promote changes in the composition of cholesterol, free fatty acids and triglycerides in the commercial clam’s tissues Venerupis decussata

This investigation was aimed to assess and evaluate the effect of frying process with three different oils (corn, olive and margarine) on fatty acids and lipid classes’ composition of clam and their impact on the nutritional value and tissues quality. The results indicated that the contents of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids varied significantly in fried clams and frying oil. Our data demonstrated that all lipid classes’ contents increased significantly after all frying processes. It was concluded that the frying process decreased the n-3/n-6 and DHA+EPA and increased the levels of atherogenic; thrombogenic indices. Additionally, these culinary processes promoted lipid peroxidation through the enhancement of TBARs, PV and FFA. These changes were more significant and intensive after frying with margarine and corn oils followed by virgin olive oil. These results suggest that clam fried with olive oil can be classified as highly nutritive in regard to its lipid content, major fatty acid profile; and nutritional value.

Determination of the changes in sunflower oil during frying of leavened doughs using response surface methodology

In this study, the effect of dough salt content, frying temperature and time on the conjugated diene values, polymer triglyceride content, total polar material content, viscosity, and color values of the sunflower oil during frying of leavened doughs was determined using response surface methodology. Fifty repeated frying operations were applied in the same day at 160-200 °C for 1-5 min and doughs with 0-2% salt content. According to the results of the study, frying temperature, frying time and dough salt content were significantly (p < 0.05) affected total polar material content, polymer triglyceride content, viscosity and a* and b* color values of oil samples, whereas dough salt content did not affect the L* color values and conjugated diene value of oil significantly (p > 0.05). To minimize the oxidation products of frying oil, the frying process can be applied at 160 °C for 1 min using dough with 1.97% salt content.

Effects of sesame seed extract as a natural antioxidant on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil

Natural and de-novo biosynthesized phyto-compounds have gained much significance because of their non-controversial nutritional, health and safety benefits as compared with chemically synthesized commercially rivalry antioxidants. However, none of natural de-novo biosynthesized phyto-compounds has been commercially available and used in customary food business and processing. In this study, efficacy of sesame seed extracts (SSEs) in stabilizing sunflower oil during storage has been studied. Fine powder of sesame seed was extracted in different solvents. The results showed that significant differences in extractability of different solvents and maximum extraction yield (29.48%) were achieved with methanol. The antioxidant components and capability of different extracts were further investigated and evaluated via total phenolic contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene/linoleic acid calorimetric assays respectively. Being highest in yield and antioxidant potential, methanolic extract was used; three different concentrations of SSE (500, 750, and 1000 μL) were added in 100 mL of sunflower oil to further evaluate its oxidative stability. Sensory and oxidative analysis of baked product from these groups was also evaluated.

Influence of High Temperature and Duration of Heating on the Sunflower Seed Oil Properties for Food Use and Bio-diesel Production

Two important problems for the food industry are oil oxidation and oil waste after frying. Sunflower seed oil is one of the vegetable oils most commonly used in the food industry. Two variables were applied to the low oleic sunflower seed oil in this work i.e. heating temperature (180-210-240°C) and time of heating (15-30-60-120 minutes), to study from the edible point of view the variations of its physico-chemical properties. After 120 minutes heating at 240°C the following was found: refractive index (1.476), free acidity (0.35%), K232 (2.87), K270 (3.71), antiradical activity (45.90% inhibition), total phenols (523 mg kg^-1), peroxide value (17.00 meq kg^-1), p-anisidine value (256.8) and Totox (271.7), all of which showed a constant deterioration. In relation to the use as a feedstock for bio-diesel production, after 120 minutes heating at 240℃ the following was found: acid value 0.70 mg KOH g^-1 oil, iodine value 117.83 g I₂ 100 g^-1 oil, oil stability index 0.67 h, kinematic viscosity (at 40°C) 77.85 mm² s^-1, higher heating value 39.86 MJ kg^-1, density 933.34 kg/m³ and cetane number 67.04. The parameters studied in this work were influenced, in different ways, by the applied variables. Heating temperature between 180 and 210°C and 120 min heating duration were found to be the most appropriate conditions for sunflower seed oil both from the deep frying point of view and from a subsequent use as feedstock for bio-diesel production. In light of the vegetable oils' International standards for an edible use and for a bio-diesel production, findings of this work can be used to set heating temperature and heating duration to preserve as long possible the physico-chemical properties of a low oleic sunflower seed oil for both its edible use as a fat during cooking and for its re-use after frying.

A simplified FTIR chemometric method for simultaneous determination of four oxidation parameters of frying canola oil

Transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method using 100 μm KCl cell was applied for the determination of total polar compounds (TPC), carbonyl value (CV), conjugated diene (CD) and conjugated triene (CT) in canola oil (CLO) during potato chips frying at 180 °C. The calibration models were developed for TPC, CV, CD and CT using partial least square (PLS) chemometric technique. Excellent regression coefficients (R(2)) and root mean square error of prediction values for TPC, CV, CD and CT were found to be 0.999, 0.992, 0.998 and 0.999 and 0.809, 0.690, 1.26 and 0.735, respectively. The developed calibration models were applied on samples of canola oil drawn during potato chips frying process. A linear relationship was obtained between CD and TPC with a good correlation of coefficient (R(2)=0.9816). Results of the study clearly indicated that transmission FTIR-PLS method could be used for quick and precise evaluation of oxidative changes during the frying process without using any organic solvent.

Thermal degradation of groundnut oil during continuous and intermittent frying

The quality of refined groundnut oil, as affected by frying Poori, was assessed with respect to two types of frying operations viz., continuous frying and intermittent frying. Continuous frying was carried out consistently for 8 h, whereas intermittent frying was performed for 2 h everyday for 4 days for a total of 8 frying hours. The purpose of the study was to compare the level of deterioration that occurred during the two operations. Among the parameters studied, peroxide value (11.3 ± 0.26 meqO2/kg), anisidine value (172.4 ± 2.71), diene value (1.57 ± 0.095), oxidized fatty acid (2.6 ± 0.17%) and viscosity (103.8 ± 2.5 mPa s(-1)), were found to be higher after 8 h due to intermittent frying. The corresponding values 4.9 ± 0.15, 133.3 ± 0.49, 0.811 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.023 and 81.8 ± 2.02 were observed in continuous frying. Parameters such as iodine value, unsaturated fatty acids, saponification value and smoke point decreased significantly (P < 0.5) due to intermittent frying. Results showed that intermittent frying caused more quality degradation to GNO than continuous frying.