Determination of phospholipids in soybean lecithin samples via the phosphorus monoxide molecule by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry

Plant-based herding agent promising for oil spills response in cold regions and its effect on oil/water mixtures freezing and thawing as revealed by MRI

This work reports on the first multi-scale NMR study of new plant-based herding agent suitable for application in Arctic marine environment. Using NMR spectroscopy the chemical components of the herding agent were established while through the NMR relaxometry and diffusometry the local dynamics, molecular mobility, and transport properties of the components were studied depending on water content upon dilution. MRI method was first applied to probe the effect of herder on freezing and thawing processes occurring in dodecane/water and light oil/water mixtures. It was found out that the herder affects the internal structure and the surface texture of the ice under oil slick, and presence of herder is supposed to shift the heat balance in marine freeze/thawing cycling inherent to cold regions. The results of the work contribute into better understanding of the surfactant-oil/water/ice interaction and facilitate more effective application of herders for oil spills response in marine environment.

Modulation of the Plasma Lipidomic Profile in Piglets Fed Polar Lipid-Rich Diets

Background: Polar lipids from dairy are novel sources of energy that may replace other dietary lipids and impact plasma lipidomic profiles in piglets. This study evaluated the impact of feeding diets rich in polar lipids on the plasma lipidome of piglets during the weaning period. Material and Methods: Weaned male piglets (n = 240; 21 days of age; 6.3 ± 0.5 kg of BW) were blocked by initial weight and distributed into 48 pens of five animals each in a complete randomized block design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments as follows: a plant-based diet rich in neutral lipids from soybeans (24 pens; SD) or a polar lipid-rich diet by-product of cheese making (24 pens; PD) from weaning until the 21st day of the nursery phase. Within each diet group, animals received one of three milk replacers (MR; 0.5 L/d/animal) for the first 7 days after weaning: (1) commercial MR containing animal and coconut lipids (CO); (2) polar lipid-based MR (PO); or (3) soybean lipids-based MR (SO). Results: The PD diet group increased the plasma concentrations of sphingolipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters, but did not impact the concentrations of glycerolipids (GLs). Both the PO and CO milk replacers increased the plasma concentrations of ceramide, acyl-chain phosphatidyl choline, and cholesterol esters. The plasma concentrations of GLs containing 18-carbon fatty acids such as 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3, were higher in SD, whereas GLs containing 16:0 and 20:3 were higher in PD. Conclusions: In summary, the diet lipid type significantly modulated the plasma lipid composition in piglets 7 days after weaning. The dietary inclusion of polar lipids in diets for growing pigs can modulate the plasma lipidomic profile, relative to plant-based diets rich in soybean lipids. Cost may be a major consideration when using these lipids in pig diets. Their health benefits need to be further characterized in other models of stress and inflammation.

The roles of soybean lecithin in aquafeed: a crucial need and update

Soybean lecithin is extensively used as the dietary supplementation of phospholipids in animal production. Soybean lecithin plays significant roles in aquafeed as growth promoter, feed enhancer, immunity modulator and antioxidant activity stimulator for aquaculture species. Besides, soybean lecithin is also reported to help aquaculture species being resilient to physical and chemical stressors. In this review, common sources, chemical structure and mode of action of lecithin, with highlight on soybean lecithin application in aquaculture over four-decadal studies published between 1983 and 2023, were evaluated and summarized. By far, soybean lecithin is best-known for its beneficial effects, availability yet cost-effective for aquafeed formulation. Findings from this review also demonstrate that although nutritional profile of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk and marine sources are superior to those from plant sources such as soybean, it is rather costly for sustainable application in aquafeed formulation. Moreover, commercially available products that incorporate soybean lecithin with other feed additives are promising to boost aquaculture production. Overall, effects of soybean lecithin supplementation are well-recognized on larval and juvenile of aquaculture species which having limited ability to biosynthesis phospholipids de novo, and correspondingly attribute to phospholipid, a primary component of soybean lecithin, that is essential for rapid growth during early stages development. In addition, soybean lecithin supplementation plays a distinguish role in stimulating maturation of gonadal development in the adults, especially for crustaceans.

Variations in Microstructural and Physicochemical Properties of Soy Wax/Soybean Oil-Derived Oleogels Using Soy Lecithin

Emerging natural-based polymers and materials progress and new technology innovations open the way for unique food products with high nutritional value development. In this regard, oleogel may be essential in replacing fatty acids from food products. In this study, we researched the effects of varied soy lecithin (SYL) concentrations on the various physicochemical characteristics of soy wax (SW)/refined soybean oil (RSO) oleogels. These oleogels had a soft texture. The microscopic analysis of the oleogels suggested that the thickness, length, and density of the wax crystals (needle-shaped) varied as the SYL content was changed. Colorimetric analysis indicated that the oleogels were slightly yellowish. FTIR spectrometry helped analyze the functional groups of the raw materials and the oleogels. All the functional groups present in the raw materials could be accounted for within the oleogels. The only exception is the hydrogen-bonding peak in SW, which was not seen in the FTIR spectrum of the oleogels. It was found that at a critical SYL content, the oleogel showed a stable and repeatable wax network structure. This can be described by the presence of the uniformly distributed fat crystal network in the sample. The DSC analysis revealed that the oleogel samples were thermo-reversible, with their melting and crystallization temperatures ~43 °C and ~22 °C, respectively. In gist, it can be concluded that the incorporation of SYL can impact the color, wax crystal network characteristics, thermal characteristics, and mechanical characteristics of the oleogels in a composition-dependent manner.

D-optimal mixture design for the optimization of extraction induced by emulsion breaking for multielemental determination in edible vegetable oils by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry

A sample pretreatment based on an extraction process by emulsion breaking for multi-element determination in edible oils was developed. The determination of eight trace elements (Al, Ba, Cu, Cr, P, Ni, Ti, and Zn) was carried out by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) after the extraction procedure. A D-optimal mixture experimental design was used to obtain the best experimental conditions for the extraction induced by emulsion breaking (EIEB). The proportion of HNO₃ solution, Triton X-100 solution and sample was evaluated in a multivariate manner. The best recovery efficiency was obtained with 1.0 mL of 30% (v/v) HNO₃, 1.0 mL of 30% (w/v) Triton-X 100 and 3.0 mL of the sample. The precisions, established as the relative standard deviation (RSD, %), were better than 2.5% for all analytes. The developed method was applied to the analysis of commercial vegetable oils with low limits of detection and good precision.

A novel photoelectrochemical sensor based on tailoring printable mesoscopic chip for fast and real-time phospholipids oxidation detection

The detection of phospholipids oxidation is important for meat control and disease prevention. In this paper, a photoelectrochemical sensor based on printable mesoscopic chip (PMC) for fast and real-time monitoring phospholipids oxidation was designed and fabricated. TiO2, ZrO2 and carbon films of PMC were screen-printed onto the FTO glass layer by layer. The PMC and the feasibility for determination of phospholipids oxidation were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), etc. The short circuit current (Jsc) was used as a signal current, which would decrease if phospholipids in PMC were undergoing oxidation for the change of electrical properties. Compared with other methods, phospholipids in PMC did not require pretreatment, and the process was nondestructive and real-time. Meanwhile, this method showed high sensitivity and good selectivity. The fabricating process of PMC is simple, and the costs are low, relatively.

Recombinant Expression of Serratia marcescens Outer Membrane Phospholipase A (A1) in Pichia pastoris and Immobilization With Graphene Oxide-Based Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Rapeseed Oil Degumming

Enzymatic degumming is an effective approach to produce nutritional, safe, and healthy refined oil. However, the high cost and low efficiency of phospholipase limit the application of enzymatic degumming. In this study, an 879 bp outer membrane phospholipase A (A1) (OM-PLA1) gene encoding 292 amino acid residues was isolated from the genome of Serratia marcescens. The recombinant OM-PLA1 profile of appropriately 33 KDa was expressed by the engineered Pichia pastoris GS115. The OM-PLA1 activity was 21.2 U/mL with the induction of 1 mM methanol for 72 h. The expression efficiencies of OM-PLA1 were 0.29 U/mL/h and 1.06 U/mL/OD600. A complex of magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) and OM-PLA1 (MGO-OM-PLA1) was prepared by immobilizing OM-PLA1 with graphene oxide-based Fe3O4 nanoparticles by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The content of phosphorus decreased to 5.1 mg/kg rapeseed oil from 55.6 mg/kg rapeseed oil with 0.02% MGO-OM-PLA1 (w/w) at 50°C for 4 h. MGO-OM-PLA1 retained 51.7% of the initial activity after 13 times of continuous recycling for the enzymatic degumming of rapeseed oil. This study provided an effective approach for the enzymatic degumming of crude vegetable oil by developing a novel phospholipase and improving the degumming technology.