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Sözeri Atik D, Öztürk Hİ, Akın N. Perspectives on the yogurt rheology. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130428. [PMID: 38403217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The oral processing of yogurt is a dynamic process involving a series of deformation processes. Rheological knowledge is essential to understand the structure and flow properties of yogurt in the mouth and to explore its relationship with sensory perception. Yogurt is rheologically characterized as a non-Newtonian viscoelastic material. The rheological properties of yogurt are affected by many factors, from production to consumption. Therefore, rheological measurements are widely used to predict and control the final quality and structure of yogurts. Recent studies focus on the elucidation of the effects of cultures and processes used in production, as well as the design of different formulations to improve the rheological properties of yogurts. Moreover, the science of tribology, which dominates the surface properties of interacting substances in relative motion to evaluate the structural sensation in the later stages of eating in addition to the rheological properties that give the feeling of structure in the early stages of eating, has also become the focus of recent studies. For a detailed comprehension of the rheological properties of yogurt, this review deals with the factors affecting the rheology of yogurt, analytical methods used to determine rheological properties, microstructural and rheological characterization of yogurt, and tribological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Sözeri Atik
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Food Science, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Hale İnci Öztürk
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Food Engineering, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nihat Akın
- Selçuk University, Department of Food Engineering, Konya, Turkey
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Correia CM, Præstholm SM, Havelund JF, Pedersen FB, Siersbæk MS, Ebbesen MF, Gerhart-Hines Z, Heeren J, Brewer J, Larsen S, Blagoev B, Færgeman NJ, Grøntved L. Acute Deletion of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Hepatocytes Disrupts Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad128. [PMID: 37610219 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipid metabolism is highly dynamic, and disruption of several circadian transcriptional regulators results in hepatic steatosis. This includes genetic disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as the liver develops. To address the functional role of GR in the adult liver, we used an acute hepatocyte-specific GR knockout model to study temporal hepatic lipid metabolism governed by GR at several preprandial and postprandial circadian timepoints. Lipidomics analysis revealed significant temporal lipid metabolism, where GR disruption results in impaired regulation of specific triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and sphingolipids. This correlates with increased number and size of lipid droplets and mildly reduced mitochondrial respiration, most noticeably in the postprandial phase. Proteomics and transcriptomics analyses suggest that dysregulated lipid metabolism originates from pronounced induced expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, β-oxidation, and sphingolipid metabolism. Integration of GR cistromic data suggests that induced gene expression is a result of regulatory actions secondary to direct GR effects on gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Mendes Correia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Marie Præstholm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Foged Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Felix Boel Pedersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Majken Storm Siersbæk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Frendø Ebbesen
- DaMBIC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Brewer
- DaMBIC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Nils Joakim Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Grøntved
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Lourenco A, Handschuh S, Fenelon M, Gómez-Mascaraque LG. X-ray computerized microtomography and confocal Raman microscopy as complementary techniques to conventional imaging tools for the microstructural characterization of Cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9387-9403. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gregersen SB, Glover ZJ, Wiking L, Simonsen AC, Bertelsen K, Pedersen B, Poulsen KR, Andersen U, Hammershøj M. Microstructure and rheology of acid milk gels and stirred yoghurts –quantification of process-induced changes by auto- and cross correlation image analysis. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alinovi M, Mucchetti G, Andersen U, Rovers TAM, Mikkelsen B, Wiking L, Corredig M. Applicability of Confocal Raman Microscopy to Observe Microstructural Modifications of Cream Cheeses as Influenced by Freezing. Foods 2020; 9:E679. [PMID: 32466185 PMCID: PMC7278691 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal Raman microscopy is a promising technique to derive information about microstructure, with minimal sample disruption. Raman emission bands are highly specific to molecular structure and with Raman spectroscopy it is thus possible to observe different classes of molecules in situ, in complex food matrices, without employing fluorescent dyes. In this work confocal Raman microscopy was employed to observe microstructural changes occurring after freezing and thawing in high-moisture cheeses, and the observations were compared to those obtained with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two commercially available cream cheese products were imaged with both microscopy techniques. The lower resolution (1 µm/pixel) of confocal Raman microscopy prevented the observation of particles smaller than 1 µm that may be part of the structure (e.g., sugars). With confocal Raman microscopy it was possible to identify and map the large water domains formed during freezing and thawing in high-moisture cream cheese. The results were supported also by low resolution NMR analysis. NMR and Raman microscopy are complementary techniques that can be employed to distinguish between the two different commercial formulations, and different destabilization levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Alinovi
- Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 47/A 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Germano Mucchetti
- Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 47/A 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Ulf Andersen
- Arla Innovation Centre, Arla Foods, Agro Food Park 19, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (U.A.); (T.A.M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Tijs A. M. Rovers
- Arla Innovation Centre, Arla Foods, Agro Food Park 19, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (U.A.); (T.A.M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Betina Mikkelsen
- Arla Innovation Centre, Arla Foods, Agro Food Park 19, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (U.A.); (T.A.M.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Lars Wiking
- Department of Food Science and iFOOD Center for Innovative Food, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.W.); (M.C.)
| | - Milena Corredig
- Department of Food Science and iFOOD Center for Innovative Food, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.W.); (M.C.)
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Cross-correlation analysis to quantify relative spatial distributions of fat and protein in super-resolution microscopy images of dairy gels. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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