1
|
Yan ZP, Zhou FY, Liang J, Kuang HX, Xia YG. Distinction and quantification of Panax polysaccharide extracts via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with first-order derivative processing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124124. [PMID: 38460230 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Derivative spectroscopy is used to separate the small absorption peaks superimposed on the main absorption band, which is widely adopted in modern spectral analysis to increase both the valid spectral information and the identification accuracy. In this study, a method based on attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) with first-order derivative (FD) processing combined with chemometrics is proposed for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of Panax ginseng polysaccharides (PGP), Panax notoginseng polysaccharides (PNP), and Panax quinquefolius polysaccharides (PQP). First, ATR-FTIR with FD processing was used to establish the discriminant model combined with principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). After that, two-dimensional ATR-FTIR based on single-characteristic temperature as external interference (2D-sATR-FTIR) was established using ATR-FTIR with FD processing. Then, ATR-FTIR with FD processing was combined with PLS to establish and optimize the quantitative regression model. Finally, the established discriminant model and 2D-sATR-FTIR successfully distinguished PGP, PNP and PQP, and the optimal PLS regression model had a good prediction ability for the Panax polysaccharide extracts content. This strategy provides an efficient, economical and nondestructive method for the distinction and quantification of PGP, PNP and PQP in a short detection time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Fang-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cerit İ, Mehdizade K, Avcı A, Demirkol O. Production of low-protein cocoa powder with enzyme-assisted hydrolysis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3309-3321. [PMID: 38726434 PMCID: PMC11077214 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acid-related disorders are caused by a defect in the metabolic pathways of amino acid groups. These patients must follow a lifelong protein diet. The objective of this study was to produce a low-protein cocoa powder (LPP) with enzymatic hydrolysis and precipitation method. First, the solubility of cocoa powder was increased by heat and enzyme treatments (Amylase, Viscozyme, and Alcalase). Then, the protein level was decreased by isoelectric precipitation. According to the obtained results, the solubility of cocoa powder rose from 28.61% to 50.69%. Protein content decreased by almost 40% and significant reductions in the amino acid profile were also provided; the highest ones were detected in methionine (100%), lysine (73.65%), leucine (53.64%), alanine (46.17%), and isoleucine (44.73%) levels. LPP had high phenolic content (25.10 mg/g GAE) and the changes in the antioxidant activities were not significant (p > .05). Moreover, chocolate production with LPP and control powder was also carried out under laboratory conditions. Hardness (1732.52 g), moisture content (0.60%), and water activity (0.37) of chocolate samples produced with low-protein cocoa powder (LPC) were lower than those of the control sample. The Casson model well fitted to the rheological data (R 2 > .990) and chocolate samples showed elastic behavior. The removal of proteins from the cocoa was verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The melting temperatures of chocolates (31.84 and 31.54°C for control and LPC samples, respectively) did not change with the applied process. As a conclusion, it was revealed that the production of low-protein cocoa powder and chocolate is feasible for patients with amino acid disorders with this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İnci Cerit
- Department of Food EngineeringSakarya UniversityEsentepeSakaryaTurkey
| | - Könül Mehdizade
- Department of Food EngineeringSakarya UniversityEsentepeSakaryaTurkey
| | - Ayşe Avcı
- Department of Food EngineeringSakarya UniversityEsentepeSakaryaTurkey
| | - Omca Demirkol
- Department of Food EngineeringSakarya UniversityEsentepeSakaryaTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cakmak U. Phytochemical analyses by LC-HRMS, FTIR spectral analysis, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antityrosinase activity of Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex M. Bieb fruit extracted with various solvents. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3767-3775. [PMID: 38284463 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex M. Bieb fruit (COPMB) is extensively used as a source of various products in the medicinal-aromatic field and holds the potential for erosion control, ornamental purposes, food source, and economic benefits for forest villagers from its fruits. This study aims to determine the chemical components and biological activities of extracts prepared from COPMB using different solvents. RESULTS The present work was designed to define the antioxidant activity [phosphomolybdenum (total antioxidant capacity), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and metal chelating activity (MCA)], phytochemical screening analysis, enzyme inhibitor (α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase) potential, and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) secondary metabolite profiling in different extracts of COPMB. The results of LC-HRMS revealed that fumaric acid was the main phenolic compound in all extracts. Among the extracts, ethyl acetate extract has the highest phytochemical and antioxidant properties [total phenolic content (TPC): 32.5 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content (TFC): 12.2 mg QE/g, ABTS: 213.0 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 126.0 mg TE/g, MCA: 145.0 mg EDTA/g; FRAP: 122.8 mg TE/g; TAC: 2.8 mmol TE/g]. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts are more effective in α-amylase (0.27 ± 0.01 mg/mL; 0.12 ± 0.00 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (0.63 ± 0.02 mg/mL; 0.77 ± 0.02 mg/mL) and tyrosinase (0.03 ± 0.00 mg/mL; 0.03 ± 0.00 mg/mL) enzyme inhibition potentials compared to standard acarbose (0.75 ± 0.02 mg/mL for α-amylase; 1.11 ± 0.03 mg/mL for α-glucosidase) and kojic acid (0.04 ± 0.00 mg/mL). CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that COPMB could serve as a valuable source of natural agents for the food and pharmaceutical industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ummuhan Cakmak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basharat Z, Afzaal M, Saeed F, Islam F, Hussain M, Ikram A, Pervaiz MU, Awuchi CG. Nutritional and functional profile of carob bean ( Ceratonia siliqua): a comprehensive review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2164590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Basharat
- Department of Food Science, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Islam
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ikram
- Department of Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Kansanga, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin MC, Wei PC, Li Y, Hsu T, Jian JY, Chang KC, Lu CP, Tu HL, Wang CM. Structural Variants and Ultralow Detection Ability for Tryptamine in Two Polymorphs of a Zincophosphite Framework. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18150-18156. [PMID: 37870276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Two organic-inorganic hybrid zinc phosphites incorporating 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (TIMB) molecules were synthesized under hydro(solvo)thermal methods and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXD). Interestingly, the solvent ratio of water to dimethylformamide induced the formation of a new compound of Zn2(TIMB)0.5(HPO3)2·3H2O (1) and our previously reported structure of Zn2(TIMB)0.5(HPO3)2·H2O (2). Additionally, their dehydrated crystals (1a and 2a) were prepared through heat treatment at 150 °C. SCXD and powder X-ray diffraction showed that all four compounds share the same framework formula of Zn2(TIMB)0.5(HPO3)2 but exhibit a huge difference in their inorganic components and final structures. In 1 and 1a, the inorganic units formed two-dimensional zincophosphite layers, while in 2 and 2a, they formed one-dimensional chains. The inorganic parts of 1 (1a) and 2 (2a) were bridged with TIMB linkers, resulting in 3D structures with rectangular and tubular windows, respectively. Furthermore, 1 was coated on the screen-printed carbon electron as a hybrid material, displaying excellent performance while having a linear relationship with an R2 value of 0.99 within the concentration range of 10-10 to 10-6 mol/L for detecting tryptamine (Try) molecules. Moreover, the results showed that 1 exhibits an ultralow limit of detection of 5.43 × 10-11 mol/L and high specificity toward Try over histamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and glucose. The synthesis, structural diversity, stability, and sensing ability are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Chien Yin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pi-Chen Wei
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Todd Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-Yi Jian
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Chi Chang
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Ping Lu
- Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
- General Education Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung ,202, 20224, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Olivati C, Nishiyama-Hortense YP, Soares Janzantti N, da Silva R, Lago Vanzela ES, Gómez-Alonso S. Dark-Chocolate-Coated BRS Clara Raisins: Phenolic Composition and Sensory Attributes. Molecules 2023; 28:7006. [PMID: 37894486 PMCID: PMC10609335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark chocolate dragée confectionary was made with BRS Clara raisins pre-treated with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The evaluation of the changes in the phenolic composition (flavonols, hydrocinnamic acid derivatives (HCADs), stilbenes and flavan-3-ol monomers, dimers, and proanthocyanidins (PAs)) resulting from the covering process showed that the chocolate coating was responsible for an increase in the concentrations of flavan-3-ols and PAs when compared to just the raisins. For the flavonols and HCADs, a reduction in the total concentration of compounds was observed when comparing the dragées to the raisins. Furthermore, there was a strong influence of chocolate in the qualitative profile with the emergence of new compounds (quercetin-3-pentoside, kampfterol-3-rutinoside, p-coumaric acid, and caffeoyl-aspartate). The combination of these ingredients (raisins and chocolate) resulted in a dark chocolate coated raisin (DC) with good sensory acceptance and a more complex phenolic composition that may positively contribute to its functional quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olivati
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo nº 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Yara Paula Nishiyama-Hortense
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo nº 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Natália Soares Janzantti
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo nº 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo nº 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Ellen Silva Lago Vanzela
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo nº 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Sergio Gómez-Alonso
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
da Silva BSF, Ferreira NR, Alamar PD, de Melo e Silva T, Pinheiro WBDS, dos Santos LN, Alves CN. FT-MIR-ATR Associated with Chemometrics Methods: A Preliminary Analysis of Deterioration State of Brazil Nut Oil. Molecules 2023; 28:6878. [PMID: 37836721 PMCID: PMC10574611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil nut oil is highly valued in the food, cosmetic, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as other sectors of the economy. This work aims to use the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique associated with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component analysis (PCA) to demonstrate that these methods can be used in a prior and rapid analysis in quality control. Natural oils were extracted and stored for chemical analysis. PCA presented two groups regarding the state of degradation, subdivided into super-degraded and partially degraded groups in 99.88% of the explained variance. The applied PLS reported an acidity index (AI) prediction model with root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 1.8564, root mean square error of cross-validation (REMSECV) = 4.2641, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 2.1491, R2cal (calibration correlation coefficient) equal to 0.9679, R2val (validation correlation coefficient) equal to 0.8474, and R2pred (prediction correlation coefficient) equal to 0, 8468. The peroxide index (PI) prediction model showed RMSEC = 0.0005, REMSECV = 0.0016, RMSEP = 0.00079, calibration R2 equal to 0.9670, cross-validation R2 equal to 0.7149, and R2 of prediction equal to 0.9099. The physical-chemical analyses identified that five samples fit in the food sector and the others fit in other sectors of the economy. In this way, the preliminary monitoring of the state of degradation was reported, and the prediction models of the peroxide and acidity indexes in Brazil nut oil for quality control were determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braian Saimon Frota da Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará (PPGQ), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (T.d.M.e.S.); (W.B.d.S.P.); (C.N.A.)
| | - Nelson Rosa Ferreira
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Processes (LABIOTEC), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (L.N.d.S.)
| | - Priscila Domingues Alamar
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Processes (LABIOTEC), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (L.N.d.S.)
| | - Thiago de Melo e Silva
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará (PPGQ), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (T.d.M.e.S.); (W.B.d.S.P.); (C.N.A.)
| | | | - Lucely Nogueira dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Processes (LABIOTEC), Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (P.D.A.); (L.N.d.S.)
| | - Cláudio Nahum Alves
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará (PPGQ), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (T.d.M.e.S.); (W.B.d.S.P.); (C.N.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sentellas S, Saurina J. Authentication of Cocoa Products Based on Profiling and Fingerprinting Approaches: Assessment of Geographical, Varietal, Agricultural and Processing Features. Foods 2023; 12:3120. [PMID: 37628119 PMCID: PMC10453789 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa and its derivative products, especially chocolate, are highly appreciated by consumers for their exceptional organoleptic qualities, thus being often considered delicacies. They are also regarded as superfoods due to their nutritional and health properties. Cocoa is susceptible to adulteration to obtain illicit economic benefits, so strategies capable of authenticating its attributes are needed. Features such as cocoa variety, origin, fair trade, and organic production are increasingly important in our society, so they need to be guaranteed. Most of the methods dealing with food authentication rely on profiling and fingerprinting approaches. The compositional profiles of natural components -such as polyphenols, biogenic amines, amino acids, volatile organic compounds, and fatty acids- are the source of information to address these issues. As for fingerprinting, analytical techniques, such as chromatography, infrared, Raman, and mass spectrometry, generate rich fingerprints containing dozens of features to be used for discrimination purposes. In the two cases, the data generated are complex, so chemometric methods are usually applied to extract the underlying information. In this review, we present the state of the art of cocoa and chocolate authentication, highlighting the pros and cons of the different approaches. Besides, the relevance of the proposed methods in quality control and the novel trends for sample analysis are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sentellas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici Recerca (Gaudí), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Serra Húnter Fellow Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Via Laietana 2, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Research Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Edifici Recerca (Gaudí), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Du Y, Hua Z, Liu C, Lv R, Jia W, Su M. ATR-FTIR combined with machine learning for the fast non-targeted screening of new psychoactive substances. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 349:111761. [PMID: 37327724 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the diversity and fast evolution of new psychoactive substances (NPS), both public health and safety are threatened around the world. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), which serves as a simple and rapid technique for targeted NPS screening, is challenging with the rapid structural modifications of NPS. To achieve the fast non-targeted screening of NPS, six machine learning (ML) models were constructed to classify eight categories of NPS, including synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines, fentanyl analogues, tryptamines, phencyclidine types, benzodiazepines, and "other substances" based on the 1099 IR spectra data items of 362 types of NPS collected by one desktop ATR-FTIR and two portable FTIR spectrometers. All these six ML classification models, including k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), extra trees (ET), voting, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained through cross validation, and f1-scores of 0.87-1.00 were achieved. In addition, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed on 100 synthetic cannabinoids with the most complex structural variation to investigate the structure-spectral property relationship, which leads to a summary of eight synthetic cannabinoid sub-categories with different "linked groups". ML models were also constructed to classify eight synthetic cannabinoid sub-categories. For the first time, this study developed six ML models, which were suitable for both desktop and portable spectrometers, to classify eight categories of NPS and eight synthetic cannabinoids sub-categories. These models can be applied for the fast, accurate, cost-effective, and on-site non-targeted screening of newly emerging NPS with no reference data available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhendong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, PR China; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, PR China; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Rulin Lv
- College of Forensic Science, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, PR China; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Mengxiang Su
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blindheim FH, Ruwoldt J. The Effect of Sample Preparation Techniques on Lignin Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2901. [PMID: 37447546 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization and quantification of functional groups in technical lignins are among the chief obstacles of the utilization of this highly abundant biopolymer. Although several techniques were developed for this purpose, there is still a need for quick, cost-efficient, and reliable quantification methods for lignin. In this paper, three sampling techniques for fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively, delineating how these affected the resultant spectra. The attenuated total reflectance (ATR) of neat powders and DMSO-d6 solutions, as well as transmission FTIR using the KBr pelleting method (0.5 wt%), were investigated and compared for eight lignin samples. The ATR of neat lignins provided a quick and easy method, but the signal-to-noise ratios in the afforded spectra were limited. The ATR of the DMSO-d6 solutions was highly concentration dependent, but at a 30 wt%, acceptable signal-to-noise ratios were obtained, allowing for the lignins to be studied in the dissolved state. The KBr pelleting method gave a significant improvement in the smoothness and resolution of the resultant spectra compared to the ATR techniques. Subsequently, the content of phenolic OH groups was calculated from each FTIR mode, and the best correlation was seen between the transmission mode using KBr pellets and the ATR of the neat samples (R2 = 0.9995). Using the titration measurements, the total OH and the phenolic OH group content of the lignin samples were determined as well. These results were then compared to the FTIR results, which revealed an under-estimation of the phenolic OH groups from the non-aqueous potentiometric titration, which was likely due to the differences in the pKa between the lignin and the calibration standard 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Further, a clear correlation was found between the lower Mn and the increased phenolic OH group content via SEC analyses. The work outlined in this paper give complementary views on the characterization and quantification of technical lignin samples via FTIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jost Ruwoldt
- RISE PFI AS, Høgskoleringen 6B, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Resende LM, Oliveira LS, Franca AS. Polyphenols in Jabuticaba (Plinia spp.) Peel Flours: Extraction and Comparative Evaluation of FTIR and HPLC for Quantification of Individual Compounds. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071488. [PMID: 37048309 PMCID: PMC10094258 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Jabuticabas are wild fruits native to Brazil, and their peels, the main residue from jabuticaba processing, contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds, which are mostly phenolics. Conventional methods based on the estimation of total extractable phenolics (TEP—Folin–Ciocalteau) or total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) have limitations and may not reflect the actual antioxidant potential of these peels. Analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), are more appropriate for the quantification of specific phenolics, and can be used as a reference for the construction of mathematical models in order to predict the amount of compounds using simple spectroscopic analysis, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the composition of specific polyphenols in flours prepared from jabuticaba peels and verify their correlation with TEP and TMA results from a previous study, and (ii) to employ FTIR coupled with chemometrics to predict the concentrations of these polyphenols in jabuticaba peel flours (JPFs) using HPLC as a reference method. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), ellagic acid (EA) and delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G) were the main polyphenols found in the samples. The C3G contents ranged from 352.33 mg/100 g (S10) to 1008.73 mg/100 g (S22), with a strong correlation to TMA (r = 0.97; p = 0.00) and a moderate correlation to TEP (r = 0.45; p = 0.02). EA contents ranged from 163.65 mg/100 g (S23) to 334.69 mg/100 g (S11), with a moderate to strong correlation to TEP (r = 0.69; p = 0.00). The D3G values ranged from 94.99 mg/100 g (S10) to 203.36 mg/100 g (S5), with strong correlations to TMA (r = 0.91; p = 0.00) and C3G levels (r = 0.92; p = 0.00). The developed partial least squares-PLS models based on FTIR data provided satisfactory predictions of C3G and EA levels, reasonably matching those of HPLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís M. Resende
- PPGCA, Food Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro S. Oliveira
- PPGCA, Food Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- DEMEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana S. Franca
- PPGCA, Food Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- DEMEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen Z, Chen J, Zhu J, Yu H. Changes of bioactive composition and concentration in loquat flower extracted with water/Chinese Baijiu. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14701. [PMID: 37012910 PMCID: PMC10066521 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquat is a high-value fruit tree with medicine and fruit homology. Loquat flowers with special fragrance, strong cold resistance and rich in various bioactive components, are valuable agricultural auxiliary products and have been widely used for making floral teas and beverages in recent years. In this study, we found the concentration of active components increased from the floral buds to initial flowers along with flower development, the bioactives of initial flowers were the richest in four flowering stages, and loquat flowers contained major volatile components such as alcohols, aldehydes and esters, which are the source of fragrance. When extract with hot water, the most efficient method was 80 °C for 30 min or boiling water within 2 h. For Baijiu (56% Vol), the best solid-to-liquid ratio was 3:100 (Dry flower: Baijiu) in 6-12 h. Baijiu achieved higher bioactive content than water extraction, the amygdalin concentration in Baijiu reached 0.3 mg/mL.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ouyang Z, Zhu J, Cheng Y, Chen L, Yang Y, Ma L, Zhu H, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wang H. Triple-induced gardenia fruit extract-enriched gelatin/polysaccharides microgels for O/W emulsions, and food 3D printing. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
14
|
Wang H, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Ouyang Z, Tang M, Ma L, Zhang Y. High temperature induced stable gelatin-gardenia blue system with hyperchromic effect and its food application in 2D writing/printing and 3D printing. Food Chem 2023; 401:134119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
15
|
Effect of Enriching Gingerbread Cookies with Elder ( Sambucus nigra L.) Products on Their Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Glycation Properties, and Sensory Acceptance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021493. [PMID: 36675004 PMCID: PMC9865192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Elder products are still underutilized sources of phytochemicals, mainly polyphenols, with extensive pharmacological effects on the human body. In this study, gingerbread cookies covered in chocolate (GC) were enriched with elderflower dry extract (EF) and juice concentrate (EB). The cookies (GC, GCEF, and GCEFEB) and the additives (EF and EB) were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compound profile, antioxidant capacity (AC), and advanced glycation end products' (AGEs) formation in both the free and bound phenolic fractions. Sensory analysis of the cookies was performed using an effective acceptance test (9-point hedonic scale), and purchase intent was evaluated using a 5-point scale. It was found that the flavonoid content was significantly increased (20-60%) when EF and EB were added to the cookies. Moreover, the EF addition to chocolate-covered GCs enhanced the content of phenolic acids (up to 28%) in the bound phenolic fraction. An increase in the AC values of enriched cookies was found, and the free phenolic fraction differed significantly in this regard. However, inhibition of AGEs by elder products was only observed in the bound phenolic fraction. In addition, EF and EB improved the overall acceptance of the cookies, mostly their taste and texture. Thus, elder products appear to be valuable additives to gingerbread cookies, providing good sensory quality and functional food characteristics.
Collapse
|
16
|
Balcázar-Zumaeta CR, Castro-Alayo EM, Medina-Mendoza M, Muñoz-Astecker LD, Torrejón-Valqui L, Rodriguez-Perez RJ, Rojas-Ocampo E, Cayo-Colca IS. Physical and Chemical Properties of 70% Cocoa Dark Chocolate Mixed with Freeze-Dried Arazá ( Eugenia stipitata) Pulp. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:474-482. [PMID: 36721755 PMCID: PMC9843710 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to determine the chemical and physical properties of 70% dark cocoa chocolate, including freeze-dried Arazá (Eugenia stipitata) pulp (FDAP). We studied chocolates incorporating three FDAP concentrations (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%). No statistical differences were found in total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and total catechin and epicatechin content. The dark chocolates' moisture and texture were unaffected by the FDAP. The Casson yield stress increased to 19.67±1.35 Pa, while the Casson plastic viscosity reduced to 1.68±0.03 Pa·s, Also, the particle size increased. The dark chocolates' flow behavior corresponded to a non-Newtonian fluid. Finally, the dark chocolate's properties were unaffected by a 2% FDAP concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César R. Balcázar-Zumaeta
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú,
Correspondence to César R. Balcázar-Zumaeta, E-mail:
| | - Efraín M. Castro-Alayo
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Marleni Medina-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Lucas D. Muñoz-Astecker
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Llisela Torrejón-Valqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Roxana J. Rodriguez-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Elizabeth Rojas-Ocampo
- Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| | - Ilse S. Cayo-Colca
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas 01001, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Y, Wang W, Zhang W, Tan CP, Lan D, Wang Y. Characteristics and feasibility of olive oil-based diacylglycerol plastic fat for use in compound chocolate. Food Chem 2022; 391:133254. [PMID: 35617761 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
With an aim to prepare the healthier functional chocolate, olive oil-based diacylglycerol plastic fat (ODAGP) was prepared by mixing olive oil-based diacylglycerol stearin (O-DAGS) and olive oil-based diacylglycerol olein (O-DAGO) as confectionery fat in compound chocolate. We reported the physicochemical properties of ODAGP and ODAGP-CB blends, and then evaluated their application potential in compound chocolate based on sensory, blooming property and polymorphic transition. ODAGP (40% O-DAGS) showed a wide plastic range (7.1-45.2%) and high component compatibility. The crystal properties results indicated that ODAGP mainly existed in stable β-forms (β1 and β2). On the other hand, the ODAGP-CB binary system containing 10-40% ODAGP displayed similar melt-in-mouth property and crystal polymorphism (Form V) to natural CB. Compound chocolate prepared with ODAGP-CB blends obtained satisfactory overall acceptability (score > 7.8) and showed stronger fat bloom resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural and Agrifood Res Inst, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Weiqian Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chin-Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Dongming Lan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing, Foshan 528225, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou FY, Liang J, Lü YL, Kuang HX, Xia YG. A nondestructive solution to quantify monosaccharides by ATR-FTIR and multivariate regressions: A case study of Atractylodes polysaccharides. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121411. [PMID: 35653809 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The quality evaluation of nature polysaccharides is a tough nut to crack because of its high Mw distributions and larger polarity property. It is well-known that infrared spectroscopy and multiple regression modeling have been used for quantitative examinations in multiple fields, but it has not been applied to the compositional analysis of polysaccharides. In this study, attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to simultaneously quantify aldoses, ketose and uronic acids in Atractylodes polysaccharides by a combination of multivariate regressions. After experience of different data processing pretreatments, the resulting spectrum contains maximum amount of information of monosaccharide contents in Atractylodes polysaccharides. In this case, different smoothing points, derivatives, SNV and MSC are used in the pre-modeling spectrum processing and VIP screening is used to reduce the number of variables to simplify the calculation of the model. All the most optimal prediction models have both good prediction ability (R2 ≥ 0.9 and RPD > 3) and no over fitting (RMSEP/RMSEC < 3). This strategy has opened a new possibility for the nondestructive determination of complex monosaccharide compositions of natural polysaccharides in a short detection time, low equipment requirement and high experimental safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yan-Li Lü
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aloisio CM, Dos Santos Gonçalves Poder J, Dos Santos FT, Fehmberger C, Bautitz IR, Hermes E. Agroindustrial wastes as a substrate for the cultivation of Eruca sativa Miller seedlings: physical-chemical and phytometric parameters assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51674-51685. [PMID: 35249193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation was made of the use of organic substrates obtained from the composting of poultry industry wastes, together with crude glycerin, for the production of arugula seedlings (Eruca sativa Miller). The raw materials included hatchery waste, chicken litter, and flotation tank sludge, in combination with other materials such as tree pruning, sugarcane bagasse, crude glycerin (at 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0%), and boiler charcoal. Analysis of the organic substrates included determination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), pH, electrical conductivity, functional groups, and carboxylic acids. Physical parameters determined were water retention capacity, solids volume, porosity, density, and granulometry. For the arugula seedlings, determinations were made of the ease of removal of the root ball from the tray, the effect of free drop on the root ball, phytometric parameters, and total phenolic compounds. Decreased concentrations of carboxylic acids, together with the presence of aromatic functional groups, indicated maturation/stabilization of the organic substrates. The phytometric measurements indicated that the use of the organic substrates with addition of 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% of crude glycerin favored arugula production and led to higher contents of total phenolic compounds in the seedlings, with values of 3657.54, 3602.13, and 3232.92 mg GAE g-1, respectively. The results demonstrated that the use of these organic substrates with the addition of crude glycerin provided satisfactory development of arugula seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton Margatto Aloisio
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, Bairro Jardim Dallas, CEP: 85.950-000, Palotina, PR, 2153, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Dos Santos Gonçalves Poder
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, Bairro Jardim Dallas, CEP: 85.950-000, Palotina, PR, 2153, Brazil
| | - Francielly Torres Dos Santos
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, Bairro Jardim Dallas, CEP: 85.950-000, Palotina, PR, 2153, Brazil
| | - Cleide Fehmberger
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, Bairro Jardim Dallas, CEP: 85.950-000, Palotina, PR, 2153, Brazil
| | - Ivonete Rossi Bautitz
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, Bairro Jardim Dallas, CEP: 85.950-000, Palotina, PR, 2153, Brazil
| | - Eliane Hermes
- Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Street Pioneiro, Bairro Jardim Dallas, CEP: 85.950-000, Palotina, PR, 2153, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Santos IA, Batista AS, Conceição DG, Porfírio MCP, Santos LS, Ferrão SPB. Determining the Authenticity of Cocoa Solid in Chocolates Using Chemical Markers, Antioxidant Activity, and Multivariate Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Darmawan MA, Ramadhan MYA, Curie CA, Sahlan M, Utami TS, Abd-Aziz S, Cognet P, Aroua MK, Gozan M. Physicochemical and oxidative stability of indigenous traditional tengkawang butter as potential cocoa butter equivalent (CBE). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2061990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catia Angli Curie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Sahlan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Tania Surya Utami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Suraini Abd-Aziz
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Patrick Cognet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Misri Gozan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|