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Schulze LJ, Schäfer U, Zygalski L, Verwohlt M, Otte-Hölscher S, Issa A, Hentschel F, Wüst M, Krammer GE. Sensory Impact of Novel Dihydrocoumarins in Native Lime Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10014-10022. [PMID: 38626782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been known and valued for their aroma in food and perfume ever since humans have maintained written records. Often described as the "champagne" of citrus oils, especially cold pressed lime peel oils have raised attention. Particularly peel oils of Citrus latifolia exhibit a pleasant coumarinic, sweet, and balsamic aroma in comparison to its close relative, the Citrus aurantifolia. Those coumarinic notes have not been completely understood until today. Thus, this study aimed to identify the responsible substances and elucidate their contribution and impact on the aroma of cold-pressed lime oil. By combining distillation, fractionation, olfactory detection, and structure elucidation, the responsible key aroma components were identified. A combination of coumarins and their corresponding saturated analogs have been identified to significantly contribute to the typical coumarinic-like aroma, including three new flavor compounds that have not yet been described in the literature as lime oil constituents: 7-methoxy-2-chromanone (3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; CAS 20921-02-2), 5,7-dimethoxy-2-chromanone (3,4-dihydro-5,7-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one; CAS 82243-01-4) and 5,6-dihydrobergaptene (5,6-dihydro-4-methoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one; CAS 29050-61-1). The sensorial evaluation of the impact of these components on the lime aroma profile has shown flavor-modulating effects and the ability to enhance aldehydic-peely, juicy, and fruity notes as well as their importance in reproducing the authentic, typical coumarin-like notes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Joanna Schulze
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Uwe Schäfer
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | - Lukas Zygalski
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Issa
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, Holzminden 37603, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Wüst
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Food Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
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Cafeo G, Satira A, Russo M, Mondello M, Dugo P. Determination of Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds in Foods Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2023; 12:3408. [PMID: 37761117 PMCID: PMC10528425 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine oxygen heterocyclic compounds in twenty-six Citrus- and cinnamon-flavoured foods using supercritical fluid chromatography in combination with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (SFC-QqQ-MS). According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the determination of these molecules in foods by means of the SFC-QqQ-MS technique. The analytical technique normally used for their determination in foods is liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. However, supercritical fluid chromatography is proving to be a valid alternative approach to investigating coumarins, furocoumarins and polymethoxyflavones. According to the results presented herein, each sample analysed showed the presence of molecules of interest. Coumarin was found in all the cinnamon-flavoured samples analysed in a low concentration. The presence of oxygen heterocyclic compounds in all the Citrus-flavoured samples, according to the label, comfirmed that the foods selected for this research article were prepared with Citrus fruits. Among the samples analysed, mandarin juice was the richest in bioactive compounds, representing a good source of polymethoxyflavones in a diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cafeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Antonella Satira
- Chromaleont S.R.L., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Monica Mondello
- Chromaleont S.R.L., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (P.D.)
- Chromaleont S.R.L., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.)
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Calle JLP, Vázquez-Espinosa M, Barea-Sepúlveda M, Ruiz-Rodríguez A, Ferreiro-González M, Palma M. Novel Method Based on Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Machine Learning for the Discrimination of Fruit Juices. Foods 2023; 12:2536. [PMID: 37444273 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit juices are one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, and their production is subject to strict regulations. Therefore, this study presents a methodology based on the use of headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) in combination with machine-learning algorithms for the characterization juices of different raw material (orange, pineapple, or apple and grape). For this purpose, the ion mobility sum spectrum (IMSS) was used. First, an optimization of the most important conditions in generating the HS was carried out using a Box-Behnken design coupled with a response surface methodology. The following factors were studied: temperature, time, and sample volume. The optimum values were 46.3 °C, 5 min, and 750 µL, respectively. Once the conditions were optimized, 76 samples of the different types of juices were analyzed and the IMSS was combined with different machine-learning algorithms for its characterization. The exploratory analysis by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear tendency to group the samples according to the type of fruit juice and, to a lesser extent, the commercial brand. The combination of IMSS with supervised classification techniques reported an excellent result with 100% accuracy on the test set for support vector machines (SVM) and random forest (RF) models regarding the specific fruit used. Nevertheless, all the models have proven to be an effective alternative for characterizing and classifying the different types of juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis P Calle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Barea-Sepúlveda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, IVAGRO, ceiA3, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
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5
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Sobolev AP, Ingallina C, Spano M, Di Matteo G, Mannina L. NMR-Based Approaches in the Study of Foods. Molecules 2022; 27:7906. [PMID: 36432006 PMCID: PMC9697393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the three different NMR-based approaches usually used to study foodstuffs are described, reporting specific examples. The first approach starts with the food of interest that can be investigated using different complementary NMR methodologies to obtain a comprehensive picture of food composition and structure; another approach starts with the specific problem related to a given food (frauds, safety, traceability, geographical and botanical origin, farming methods, food processing, maturation and ageing, etc.) that can be addressed by choosing the most suitable NMR methodology; finally, it is possible to start from a single NMR methodology, developing a broad range of applications to tackle common food-related challenges and different aspects related to foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory “Segre-Capitani”, Institute for Biological Systems, CNR, Via Salaria, Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ingallina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Spano
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Han L, Cheng Y, Zhang T, Zhou Q, Zhang W, Li Y, Li G. Targeted Metabolomics With a Chemometric Study of Oxygenated Heterocyclic Aglycones as a Tool for Preliminary Authenticity Assessment of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. Front Nutr 2022; 9:897982. [PMID: 35677541 PMCID: PMC9169518 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.897982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Profiles of citrus juice oxygenated heterocyclic aglycones (OHAs), which are notable marker secondary metabolites, were used to assess the authenticity of sweet orange and grapefruit juices in situations where mandarin and pomelo juices might be adulterants. Thirty-nine known OHAs, including 10 methoxyflavones, 13 coumarins, and 16 furanocoumarins, as well as 13 tentatively screened OHAs, were analyzed in orange, mandarin, grapefruit and pomelo juices using our newly developed high-resolution HPLC-UV and fluorescence detection method. Quantitative OHA profiles from 158 pure juice samples were obtained to establish a purity discriminant model using an omics strategy. Reduction of OHA variables showed that three important methoxyflavones, i.e. isosinensetin, tangeretin and sinensetin provided the best discrimination ability between sweet orange and mandarin juices. There are two subtypes of pomelos, Shatianyou Group and Wendan Group, of which juices should be separately compared to grapefruit juice. Five OHAs, namely meranzin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, osthole, 6',7'-epoxybergamottin, and bergamottin were found to discriminate Shatianyou Group of pomelo juice from grapefruit juice; whereas three OHAs, namely bergaptol, isomeranzin, and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin were able to discriminate Wendan Group of pomelo juice from grapefruit juice. The established partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were capable of detecting as little as 10% mandarin juice in sweet orange juice and 10% pomelo juice in grapefruit juice, allowing for fast prescreening of excess addition with good reliability (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP < 5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Han
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujiao Cheng
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tenghui Zhang
- Chengdu Centre Testing International Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanchao Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongan Li
- Administration of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Dongpo District, Meishan, China
| | - Guijie Li
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Yin BF, Li ZL, Yan ZQ, Guo Z, Liang JW, Wang Q, Zhao ZD, Li PL, Hao RC, Han MY, Li XT, Mao N, Ding L, Chen DF, Gao Y, Zhu H. Psoralen alleviates radiation-induced bone injury by rescuing skeletal stem cell stemness through AKT-mediated upregulation of GSK-3β and NRF2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:241. [PMID: 35672836 PMCID: PMC9172007 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repairing radiation-induced bone injuries remains a significant challenge in the clinic, and few effective medicines are currently available. Psoralen is a principal bioactive component of Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik and has been reported to have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and pro-osteogenesis activities. However, less information is available regarding the role of psoralen in the treatment of radiation-induced bone injury. In this study, we explored the modulatory effects of psoralen on skeletal stem cells and their protective effects on radiation-induced bone injuries. METHODS The protective effects of psoralen on radiation-induced osteoporosis and irradiated bone defects were evaluated by microCT and pathological analysis. In addition, the cell proliferation, osteogenesis, and self-renewal of SSCs were explored. Further, the underlying mechanisms of the protective of psoralen were investigated by using RNA sequencing and functional gain and loss experiments in vitro and in vivo. Statistical significance was analyzed using Student's t test. The one-way ANOVA was used in multiple group data analysis. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that psoralen, a natural herbal extract, mitigated radiation-induced bone injury (irradiation-induced osteoporosis and irradiated bone defects) in mice partially by rescuing the stemness of irradiated skeletal stem cells. Mechanistically, psoralen restored the stemness of skeletal stem cells by alleviating the radiation-induced suppression of AKT/GSK-3β and elevating NRF2 expression in skeletal stem cells. Furthermore, the expression of KEAP1 in skeletal stem cells did not significantly change in the presence of psoralen. Moreover, blockade of NRF2 in vivo partially abolished the promising effects of psoralen in a murine model of irradiation-induced osteoporosis and irradiated bone regeneration. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings identified psoralen as a potential medicine to mitigate bone radiation injury. In addition, skeletal stem cells and AKT-GSK-3β and NRF2 may thus represent therapeutic targets for treating radiation-induced bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Feng Yin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qiao Yan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wu Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Lin Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Cong Hao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yue Han
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tong Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Mao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da-Fu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Eastern Street Xinjiekou 31, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China. .,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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