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Zhang M, Li C, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Nie J, Shao S, Mei H, Rogers KM, Zhang W, Yuan Y. Effects of Water Isotope Composition on Stable Isotope Distribution and Fractionation of Rice and Plant Tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38581384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Rice origin authenticity is important for food safety and consumer confidence. The stable isotope composition of rice is believed to be closely related to its water source, which affects its origin characteristics. However, the influence of water availability on the distribution of rice stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) is not clear. In this study, three irrigation waters with different isotopic values were used to investigate isotopic water use effects of Indica and Japonica rice, using pot experiments. Under three different water isotope treatments, the δ2H values of Indica polished rice showed significant differences (-65.0 ± 2.3, -60.5 ± 0.8 and -55.8 ± 1.7‰, respectively, p < 0.05) compared to δ13C and δ15N, as did Japonica polished rice. The values of δ2H and δ18O of rice became more positive when applying more enriched (in 2H and 18O) water, and the enrichment effect was higher in rice than in the corresponding plant tissue. In addition, the δ2H and δ18O values of Indica rice leaves decreased at the heading stage, increased at the filling stage, and then decreased at the harvest stage. Japonica rice showed a similar trend. δ2H changes from stem to leaf were more negative, but δ18O changes were more positive, and δ2H and δ18O values from leaf to rice were more positive for both brown and polished rice. The results from this study will clarify different water isotopic composition effects on rice and provide useful information to improve rice origin authenticity using stable isotope-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shengzhi Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hanyi Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Karyne M Rogers
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Weixing Zhang
- China National Rice Research Institute/Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Chu Y, Wu J, Yan Z, Zhao Z, Xu D, Wu H. Towards generalizable food source identification: An explainable deep learning approach to rice authentication employing stable isotope and elemental marker analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 179:113967. [PMID: 38342523 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In addressing the generalization issue faced by data-driven methods in food origin traceability, especially when encountering diverse input variable sets, such as elemental contents (C, N, S), stable isotopes (C, N, S, H and O) and 43 elements measured under varying laboratory conditions. We introduce an innovative, versatile deep learning-based framework incorporating explainable analysis, adept at determining feature importance through learned neuron weights. Our proposed framework, validated using three rice sample batches from four Asian countries, totaling 354 instances, exhibited exceptional identification accuracy of up to 97%, surpassing traditional reference methods like decision tree and support vector machine. The adaptable methodological system accommodates various combinations of traceability indicators, facilitating seamless replication and extensive applicability. This groundbreaking solution effectively tackles generalization challenges arising from disparate variable sets across distinct data batches, paving the way for enhanced food origin traceability in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Chu
- Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jiajie Wu
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zhi Yan
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Center, Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Zizhou Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dunming Xu
- Technical Center, Xiamen Customs, Xiamen 361026, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China.
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Yang D, Jia L, Zhou Y, Lu J, He Y, Jiao J, Huang J, Xia R, Li Y, Han L, Peng Z. Geographical origin traceability of mulberry leaves using stable hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon isotope ratios. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:2075-2083. [PMID: 37665546 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Geographical discrimination of mulberry leaves is very important for their efficacy and quality as a traditional Chinese medicine. Stable hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon isotope ratios were measured in 292 mulberry leaves collected at 2 growth stages in 2 seasons from 8 regions of China. A stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) approach were proposed to combine with stable isotope technology to tracing the origin of mulberry leaves. The results showed that leaves sampled in autumn were extremely depleted in 2H and 18O and slightly enriched in 13C compared with leaves sampled in summer, correlated with the effect of season, transpiration and photorespiration on stable isotopes. δ2H and δ18O of the leaves were enriched during the growth process. The overall discrimination accuracy of the autumn tender model was 81%, demonstrating that analysis of δ2H, δ18O, and δ13C is a promising technique for tracing the geographical origin of mulberry leaves, although season, growth stage and number of samples affect the accuracy of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Liling Jia
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Jingzhong Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yujie He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jinpeng Jiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ju Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Runtao Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lihua Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhiqin Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Cui L, Chen H, Yuan Y, Zhu F, Nie J, Han S, Fu Y, Hou H, Hu Q, Chen Z. Tracing the geographical origin of tobacco at two spatial scales by stable isotope and element analyses with chemometrics. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100716. [PMID: 37397212 PMCID: PMC10314160 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco is a widely cultivated cash crop, but it is often smuggled and sold illegally. Unfortunately, there is currently no way to verify the origin of tobacco in China. In an effort to address this issue, we conducted a study using stable isotopes and elements from 176 tobacco samples at both provincial and municipal scales. Our findings revealed significant differences in δ13C, K, Cs, and 208/206Pb at the provincial-level, and Sr, Se, and Pb at the municipal level. We created a heat map at the municipal level, which showed a similar cluster classification to geographic grouping and provided an initial assessment of tobacco origins. Using OPLS-DA modeling, we achieved a 98.3% accuracy rate for the provincial scale and 97.6% for the municipal scale. It is worth noting that the importance of rankings of variables varied depending on the spatial scale of the evaluation. This study offers the first traceability fingerprint dataset of tobacco and has the potential to combat mislabeling and fraudulent conduct by identifying the geographical origin of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuwei Yuan
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fengpeng Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shulei Han
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ya'ning Fu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects and Biosynthesis, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zengping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Wadood SA, Jiang Y, Nie J, Li C, Rogers KM, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Yuan Y. Effects of Light Shading, Fertilization, and Cultivar Type on the Stable Isotope Distribution of Hybrid Rice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091832. [PMID: 37174370 PMCID: PMC10178473 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of fertilizer supply and light intensity on the distribution of elemental contents (%C and %N) and light stable isotopes (C, N, H, and O) in different rice fractions (rice husk, brown rice, and polished rice) of two hybrid rice cultivars (maintainer lines You-1B and Zhong-9B) were investigated. Significant variations were observed for δ13C (-31.3 to -28.3‱), δ15N (2.4 to 2.7‱), δ2H (-125.7 to -84.7‱), and δ18O (15.1‱ to 23.7‱) values in different rice fractions among different cultivars. Fertilizer treatments showed a strong association with %N, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O values while it did not impart any significant variation for the %C and δ13C values. Light intensity levels also showed a significant influence on the isotopic values of different rice fractions. The δ13C values showed a positive correlation with irradiance. The δ2H and δ15N values decreased with an increase in the irradiance. The light intensity levels did not show any significant change for δ18O values in rice fractions. Multivariate ANOVA showed a significant interaction effect of different factors (light intensity, fertilizer concentration, and rice variety) on the isotopic composition of rice fractions. It is concluded that all environmental and cultivation factors mentioned above significantly influenced the isotopic values and should be considered when addressing the authenticity and origin of rice. Furthermore, care should be taken when selecting rice fractions for traceability and authenticity studies since isotopic signatures vary considerably among different rice fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Abdul Wadood
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Home Economics Lahore, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Yunzhu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Karyne M Rogers
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Weixing Zhang
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Han S, Cui L, Chen H, Fu Y, Hou H, Hu Q, Yuan Y. Stable isotope characterization of tobacco products: A determination of synthetic or natural nicotine authenticity. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9441. [PMID: 36411266 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE "Tobacco-free" or synthetic nicotine products have appeared in some markets, increasing potential health risks and regulatory compliance challenges. Currently, there are few reliable methods for the determination of authenticity of natural and synthetic nicotine. Analytical techniques based on stable isotopes have broad application prospects in the traceability and identification of agricultural products. METHODS Tobacco leaves from four main tobacco production regions in China and different types of tobacco products were extracted with n-hexane and 5% sodium hydroxide to obtain nicotine extracts. Subsequent stable isotope mass spectrometry was performed by analyzing δ2 H, δ13 C, and δ15 N values of nicotine. RESULTS Firstly, results from a batch of 233 samples indicated stable isotopes were closely related to climate and geographical locations and provide a basis for a determination of the origin of tobacco leaves. In addition, the δ2 H values had significant differences between natural and synthetic nicotine and the results indicate a δ2 H value of -163.0‰ could be the threshold for assessing synthetic and natural nicotine. Finally, a total of 239 results further validated the δ2 H value as a metric for source authentication of commercial tobacco products. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic (S)-(-)-nicotine could be accurately and quickly identified using the method developed by measuring δ2 H values in a qualitative manner. To our knowledge, this is the first time a stable isotope mass spectrometry technique has been used for distinguishing the source of nicotine. This technique will aid in the accurate identification, labelling, and regulation of synthetic nicotine-based tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Han
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Cui
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya'ning Fu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Yuan
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
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Xiong F, Yuan Y, Li C, Lyu C, Wan X, Nie J, Li H, Yang J, Guo L. Stable isotopic and elemental characteristics with chemometrics for the geographical origin authentication of Dendrobium officinale at two spatial scales. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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